17 lines (14 with data), 508 Bytes

{% if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}
    {% set offset = 1 %}
{% else %}
    {% set offset = 0 %}
{% endif %}

{% for message in messages %}
    {% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == offset) %}
        {{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}
    {% endif %}

    {{ '<|' + message['role'] + '|>\n' + message['content'] | trim + eos_token + '\n' }}
{% endfor %}

{% if add_generation_prompt %}
    {{ '<|assistant|>\n' }}
{% endif %}