--- a
+++ b/tests/functional/test_generate_measures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+import textwrap
+from datetime import date
+
+import pytest
+
+from ehrql.tables.core import patients
+from tests.lib.inspect_utils import function_body_as_string
+from tests.lib.orm_utils import make_orm_models
+
+
+@function_body_as_string
+def MEASURE_DEFINITIONS():
+    from ehrql import INTERVAL, Measures, years
+    from ehrql.tables.core import patients
+
+    measures = Measures()
+
+    measures.define_measure(
+        "births",
+        numerator=patients.date_of_birth.is_during(INTERVAL),
+        denominator=patients.exists_for_patient(),
+        group_by={"sex": patients.sex},
+        intervals=years(2).starting_on("2020-01-01"),
+    )
+
+
+DISABLE_DISCLOSURE_CONTROL = "\n\nmeasures.configure_disclosure_control(enabled=False)"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("disclosure_control_enabled", [False, True])
+def test_generate_measures(
+    in_memory_sqlite_database, tmp_path, disclosure_control_enabled, call_cli
+):
+    in_memory_sqlite_database.setup(
+        make_orm_models(
+            {
+                patients: [
+                    dict(patient_id=1, date_of_birth=date(2020, 6, 1), sex="male"),
+                    dict(patient_id=2, date_of_birth=date(2021, 6, 1), sex="female"),
+                    dict(patient_id=3, date_of_birth=date(2021, 6, 1), sex="female"),
+                    dict(patient_id=4, date_of_birth=date(2021, 6, 1), sex="female"),
+                    dict(patient_id=5, date_of_birth=date(2021, 6, 1), sex="female"),
+                    dict(patient_id=6, date_of_birth=date(2021, 6, 1), sex="female"),
+                    dict(patient_id=7, date_of_birth=date(2021, 6, 1), sex="female"),
+                    dict(patient_id=8, date_of_birth=date(2021, 6, 1), sex="female"),
+                    dict(patient_id=9, date_of_birth=date(2021, 6, 1), sex="female"),
+                ]
+            }
+        )
+    )
+
+    measure_definitions = tmp_path / "measures.py"
+    if disclosure_control_enabled:
+        measure_definitions.write_text(MEASURE_DEFINITIONS)
+    else:
+        measure_definitions.write_text(MEASURE_DEFINITIONS + DISABLE_DISCLOSURE_CONTROL)
+    output_file = tmp_path / "output.csv"
+
+    call_cli(
+        "generate-measures",
+        measure_definitions,
+        "--output",
+        output_file,
+        "--dsn",
+        in_memory_sqlite_database.host_url(),
+        "--query-engine",
+        "sqlite",
+    )
+    if disclosure_control_enabled:
+        assert output_file.read_text() == textwrap.dedent(
+            """\
+            measure,interval_start,interval_end,ratio,numerator,denominator,sex
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,0.0,0,10,female
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,,0,0,male
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,1.0,10,10,female
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,,0,0,male
+            """
+        )
+    else:
+        assert output_file.read_text() == textwrap.dedent(
+            """\
+            measure,interval_start,interval_end,ratio,numerator,denominator,sex
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,0.0,0,8,female
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,1.0,1,1,male
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,1.0,8,8,female
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,0.0,0,1,male
+            """
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("disclosure_control_enabled", [False, True])
+def test_generate_measures_dummy_data_generated(
+    tmp_path, disclosure_control_enabled, call_cli
+):
+    measure_definitions = tmp_path / "measures.py"
+    measure_definitions.write_text(MEASURE_DEFINITIONS)
+    output_file = tmp_path / "output.csv"
+
+    call_cli(
+        "generate-measures",
+        measure_definitions,
+        "--output",
+        output_file,
+    )
+    assert output_file.read_text().startswith(
+        "measure,interval_start,interval_end,ratio,numerator,denominator,sex"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("disclosure_control_enabled", [False, True])
+def test_generate_measures_legacy_dummy_data_generated(
+    tmp_path, disclosure_control_enabled, call_cli
+):
+    measure_definitions = tmp_path / "measures.py"
+    measure_definitions.write_text(
+        MEASURE_DEFINITIONS
+        + "\nmeasures.configure_dummy_data(population_size=10, legacy=True)"
+    )
+    output_file = tmp_path / "output.csv"
+
+    call_cli(
+        "generate-measures",
+        measure_definitions,
+        "--output",
+        output_file,
+    )
+    assert output_file.read_text().startswith(
+        "measure,interval_start,interval_end,ratio,numerator,denominator,sex"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("disclosure_control_enabled", [False, True])
+def test_generate_measures_dummy_data_supplied(
+    tmp_path, disclosure_control_enabled, call_cli
+):
+    measure_definitions = tmp_path / "measures.py"
+    if disclosure_control_enabled:
+        measure_definitions.write_text(MEASURE_DEFINITIONS)
+    else:
+        measure_definitions.write_text(MEASURE_DEFINITIONS + DISABLE_DISCLOSURE_CONTROL)
+    output_file = tmp_path / "output.csv"
+    DUMMY_DATA = textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        measure,interval_start,interval_end,ratio,numerator,denominator,sex
+        births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,0.4,4,10,male
+        births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,0.3,6,20,female
+        births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,0.6,6,10,male
+        births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,0.7,14,20,female
+        """
+    )
+    dummy_data_file = tmp_path / "dummy.csv"
+    dummy_data_file.write_text(DUMMY_DATA)
+
+    call_cli(
+        "generate-measures",
+        measure_definitions,
+        "--output",
+        output_file,
+        "--dummy-data",
+        dummy_data_file,
+    )
+    if disclosure_control_enabled:
+        assert output_file.read_text() == textwrap.dedent(
+            """\
+            measure,interval_start,interval_end,ratio,numerator,denominator,sex
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,0.0,0,10,male
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,0.0,0,20,female
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,0.0,0,10,male
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,0.75,15,20,female
+            """
+        )
+    else:
+        assert output_file.read_text() == DUMMY_DATA
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("disclosure_control_enabled", [False, True])
+def test_generate_measures_dummy_tables(tmp_path, disclosure_control_enabled, call_cli):
+    measure_definitions = tmp_path / "measures.py"
+    if disclosure_control_enabled:
+        measure_definitions.write_text(MEASURE_DEFINITIONS)
+    else:
+        measure_definitions.write_text(MEASURE_DEFINITIONS + DISABLE_DISCLOSURE_CONTROL)
+    output_file = tmp_path / "output.csv"
+    DUMMY_DATA = textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        patient_id,date_of_birth,sex
+        1,2020-06-01,male
+        2,2021-06-01,female
+        """
+    )
+    dummy_tables_path = tmp_path / "dummy_tables"
+    dummy_tables_path.mkdir()
+    dummy_tables_path.joinpath("patients.csv").write_text(DUMMY_DATA)
+
+    call_cli(
+        "generate-measures",
+        measure_definitions,
+        "--output",
+        output_file,
+        "--dummy-tables",
+        dummy_tables_path,
+    )
+    if disclosure_control_enabled:
+        assert output_file.read_text() == textwrap.dedent(
+            """\
+            measure,interval_start,interval_end,ratio,numerator,denominator,sex
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,,0,0,male
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,,0,0,female
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,,0,0,male
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,,0,0,female
+            """
+        )
+    else:
+        assert output_file.read_text() == textwrap.dedent(
+            """\
+            measure,interval_start,interval_end,ratio,numerator,denominator,sex
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,1.0,1,1,male
+            births,2020-01-01,2020-12-31,0.0,0,1,female
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,0.0,0,1,male
+            births,2021-01-01,2021-12-31,1.0,1,1,female
+            """
+        )