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T1 Age 2 13 65-year-old T2 Sex 14 19 woman T3 Sign_symptom 45 49 pain E1 Sign_symptom:T3 T4 Biological_structure 40 44 back T5 Detailed_description 29 39 persistent R1 MODIFY Arg1:T4 Arg2:E1 R2 MODIFY Arg1:T5 Arg2:E1 T6 Duration 54 69 almost 3 months E2 Duration:T6 T7 Coreference 75 83 symptoms E3 Coreference:T7 R3 IDENTICAL Arg1:E3 Arg2:E1 T8 Activity 106 113 walking E4 Activity:T8 T9 Activity 117 135 changing positions E5 Activity:T9 T10 Medication 179 190 painkillers E6 Medication:T10 T11 Sign_symptom 217 221 pain E7 Sign_symptom:T11 A1 POLARITY E7 NEG T12 Severity 93 99 severe R4 MODIFY Arg1:T12 Arg2:E3 R5 CAUSE Arg1:E4 Arg2:E3 R6 CAUSE Arg1:E5 Arg2:E3 T13 Sign_symptom 225 233 numbness E8 Sign_symptom:T13 A2 POLARITY E8 NEG T14 Biological_structure 241 245 legs R7 MODIFY Arg1:T14 Arg2:E8 R8 MODIFY Arg1:T14 Arg2:E7 T15 Sign_symptom 286 306 voiding difficulties E9 Sign_symptom:T15 A3 POLARITY E9 NEG T16 Biological_structure 278 285 bladder T17 Biological_structure 269 274 bowel R9 MODIFY Arg1:T16 Arg2:E9 R10 MODIFY Arg1:T17 Arg2:E9 T18 History 353 457 hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and asthma, all of which were well controlled T19 Diagnostic_procedure 459 472 Physical exam E10 Diagnostic_procedure:T19 T20 Disease_disorder 486 494 kyphosis E11 Disease_disorder:T20 T21 Biological_structure 502 516 thoracic spine R11 MODIFY Arg1:T21 Arg2:E11 T22 Detailed_description 517 537 in standing position R12 MODIFY Arg1:T22 Arg2:E11 T23 Sign_symptom 639 643 pain E12 Sign_symptom:T23 T24 Biological_structure 647 651 back R13 MODIFY Arg1:T24 Arg2:E12 T25 Diagnostic_procedure 806 811 X-ray E13 Diagnostic_procedure:T25 T26 Diagnostic_procedure 813 832 computed tomography E14 Diagnostic_procedure:T26 T27 Diagnostic_procedure 834 836 CT E15 Diagnostic_procedure:T27 R14 IDENTICAL Arg1:E15 Arg2:E14 T28 Diagnostic_procedure 843 869 magnetic resonance imaging E16 Diagnostic_procedure:T28 T29 Diagnostic_procedure 871 874 MRI E17 Diagnostic_procedure:T29 R15 IDENTICAL Arg1:E17 Arg2:E16 T30 Nonbiological_location 918 926 hospital T31 Diagnostic_procedure 948 953 X-ray E18 Diagnostic_procedure:T31 T32 Detailed_description 940 947 lateral R16 MODIFY Arg1:T32 Arg2:E18 T33 Disease_disorder 965 973 fracture E19 Disease_disorder:T33 T34 Biological_structure 961 964 T12 R17 MODIFY Arg1:T34 Arg2:E19 T35 Diagnostic_procedure 992 1002 cobb angle E20 Diagnostic_procedure:T35 T36 Lab_value 979 991 40° kyphotic R18 MODIFY Arg1:T36 Arg2:E20 R19 MODIFY Arg1:E20 Arg2:E19 T37 Diagnostic_procedure 1004 1006 CT E21 Diagnostic_procedure:T37 T38 Sign_symptom 1017 1043 intravertebral vacuum sign E22 Sign_symptom:T38 T39 Diagnostic_procedure 1066 1069 MRI E23 Diagnostic_procedure:T39 T40 Detailed_description 1045 1065 Sagittal T1-weighted R20 MODIFY Arg1:T40 Arg2:E23 T41 Sign_symptom 1159 1175 cord compression E24 Sign_symptom:T41 T42 Sign_symptom 1096 1123 intravertebral vacuum cleft E25 Sign_symptom:T42 T43 Biological_structure 1179 1182 T12 R21 MODIFY Arg1:T43 Arg2:E24 T44 Disease_disorder 1145 1153 breakage E26 Disease_disorder:T44 T45 Biological_structure 1128 1144 posterior cortex R22 MODIFY Arg1:T45 Arg2:E26 R23 MODIFY Arg1:T43 Arg2:E26 R24 MODIFY Arg1:T43 Arg2:E25 T46 Detailed_description 1079 1095 decreased signal R25 MODIFY Arg1:T46 Arg2:E25 T47 Diagnostic_procedure 1205 1208 MRI E27 Diagnostic_procedure:T47 T48 Detailed_description 1184 1204 Sagittal T2-weighted R26 MODIFY Arg1:T48 Arg2:E27 T49 Sign_symptom 1243 1270 intravertebral vacuum cleft E28 Sign_symptom:T49 T50 Detailed_description 1219 1235 increased signal R27 MODIFY Arg1:T50 Arg2:E28 T51 Disease_disorder 1303 1318 Kümmell disease E29 Disease_disorder:T51 T52 Lab_value 1320 1329 Stage III R28 MODIFY Arg1:T52 Arg2:E29 T53 Therapeutic_procedure 1339 1348 operation E30 Therapeutic_procedure:T53 T54 Medication 1369 1387 general anesthesia E31 Medication:T54 T55 Detailed_description 1392 1406 prone position R29 MODIFY Arg1:T55 Arg2:E30 R30 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E31 Arg2:E30 T56 Therapeutic_procedure 1419 1437 posterior exposure E32 Therapeutic_procedure:T56 T57 Biological_structure 1445 1450 spine R31 MODIFY Arg1:T57 Arg2:E32 T58 Detailed_description 1410 1418 standard R32 MODIFY Arg1:T58 Arg2:E32 R33 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E32 Arg2:E30 T59 Therapeutic_procedure 1462 1476 pedicle screws E33 Therapeutic_procedure:T59 R34 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E33 Arg2:E30 T60 Biological_structure 1501 1510 vertebrae T61 Biological_structure 1511 1514 T10 T62 Biological_structure 1516 1519 T11 T63 Biological_structure 1521 1523 L1 T64 Biological_structure 1529 1531 L2 R35 MODIFY Arg1:T61 Arg2:T60 R36 MODIFY Arg1:T62 Arg2:T60 R37 MODIFY Arg1:T63 Arg2:T60 R38 MODIFY Arg1:T64 Arg2:T60 T65 Detailed_description 1538 1552 C-arm guidance R39 MODIFY Arg1:T65 Arg2:E33 T66 Detailed_description 1574 1633 connected on the left side with a temporary stabilizing rod R40 MODIFY Arg1:T66 Arg2:E33 T67 Therapeutic_procedure 1635 1646 Laminectomy E34 Therapeutic_procedure:T67 R41 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E34 Arg2:E30 T68 Therapeutic_procedure 1724 1748 subperiosteal dissection E35 Therapeutic_procedure:T68 T69 Detailed_description 1772 1782 right side R42 MODIFY Arg1:T69 Arg2:E35 R43 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E35 Arg2:E34 T70 Biological_structure 1799 1837 lateral wall of the T12 vertebral body R44 MODIFY Arg1:T70 Arg2:E35 T71 Therapeutic_procedure 1953 1960 removed E36 Therapeutic_procedure:T71 T72 Biological_structure 1929 1947 T12 vertebral body T73 Biological_structure 1904 1921 articular process T74 Biological_structure 1881 1899 right side pedicle R45 MODIFY Arg1:T73 Arg2:T72 R46 MODIFY Arg1:T74 Arg2:T72 R47 MODIFY Arg1:T72 Arg2:E36 T75 Therapeutic_procedure 2012 2019 removed E37 Therapeutic_procedure:T75 T76 Biological_structure 1981 2001 intervertebral disks T77 Biological_structure 1974 1980 T12/L1 T78 Biological_structure 1962 1969 T11/T12 R48 MODIFY Arg1:T77 Arg2:T76 R49 MODIFY Arg1:T78 Arg2:T76 R50 MODIFY Arg1:T76 Arg2:E37 R51 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E36 Arg2:E30 R52 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E37 Arg2:E30 T79 Therapeutic_procedure 2053 2056 rod E38 Therapeutic_procedure:T79 T80 Detailed_description 2031 2052 temporary stabilizing R53 MODIFY Arg1:T80 Arg2:E38 A4 POLARITY E38 NEG T81 Therapeutic_procedure 2073 2076 rod E39 Therapeutic_procedure:T81 T82 Detailed_description 2077 2106 bended to the desired contour R54 MODIFY Arg1:T82 Arg2:E39 R55 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E38 Arg2:E30 R56 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E39 Arg2:E30 T83 Therapeutic_procedure 2119 2129 bone graft E40 Therapeutic_procedure:T83 T84 Therapeutic_procedure 2134 2147 titanium mesh E41 Therapeutic_procedure:T84 T85 Biological_structure 2167 2187 intervertebral space R57 MODIFY Arg1:T85 Arg2:E41 R58 MODIFY Arg1:T85 Arg2:E40 T86 Detailed_description 2108 2118 Autologous R59 MODIFY Arg1:T86 Arg2:E40 R60 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E40 Arg2:E30 R61 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E41 Arg2:E30 T87 Therapeutic_procedure 2197 2200 rod E42 Therapeutic_procedure:T87 T88 Detailed_description 2189 2196 Another R62 MODIFY Arg1:T88 Arg2:E42 T89 Detailed_description 2201 2225 with the desired contour R63 MODIFY Arg1:T89 Arg2:E42 T90 Detailed_description 2247 2257 right side R64 MODIFY Arg1:T90 Arg2:E42 T91 Therapeutic_procedure 2268 2278 hemostasis E43 Therapeutic_procedure:T91 T92 Therapeutic_procedure 2316 2337 irrigated with saline E44 Therapeutic_procedure:T92 T93 Biological_structure 2295 2300 wound R65 MODIFY Arg1:T93 Arg2:E44 R66 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E42 Arg2:E30 R67 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E43 Arg2:E30 R68 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E44 Arg2:E30 T94 Duration 2482 2493 150 minutes E45 Duration:T94 T95 Disease_disorder 2509 2519 blood loss E46 Disease_disorder:T95 T96 Volume 2528 2534 600 mL R69 MODIFY Arg1:T96 Arg2:E46 R70 MODIFY Arg1:E45 Arg2:E30 T97 Therapeutic_procedure 2393 2399 closed E47 Therapeutic_procedure:T97 T98 Therapeutic_procedure 2339 2352 Drainage tube E48 Therapeutic_procedure:T98 T99 Biological_structure 2374 2388 surgical wound R71 MODIFY Arg1:T99 Arg2:E47 T100 Detailed_description 2400 2414 layer-by-layer R72 MODIFY Arg1:T100 Arg2:E47 R73 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E48 Arg2:E30 R74 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E47 Arg2:E30 T101 Medication 2586 2596 antibiotic E49 Medication:T101 T102 Duration 2611 2616 1 day E50 Duration:T102 T103 Medication 2618 2632 pain treatment E51 Medication:T103 R75 MODIFY Arg1:E50 Arg2:E49 T104 Duration 2637 2643 3 days E52 Duration:T104 R76 MODIFY Arg1:E52 Arg2:E51 T105 Medication 2649 2662 anticoagulant E53 Medication:T105 T106 Duration 2675 2681 1 week E54 Duration:T106 R77 MODIFY Arg1:E54 Arg2:E53 T107 Therapeutic_procedure 2687 2700 drainage tube E55 Therapeutic_procedure:T107 A5 POLARITY E55 NEG T108 Date 2716 2722 3 days E56 Date:T108 T109 Diagnostic_procedure 2742 2760 volume of drainage E57 Diagnostic_procedure:T109 T110 Lab_value 2765 2793 less than 50 mL per 24 hours R78 MODIFY Arg1:T110 Arg2:E57 T111 Clinical_event 2807 2818 allowed out E58 Clinical_event:T111 T112 Therapeutic_procedure 2853 2861 orthosis E59 Therapeutic_procedure:T112 T113 Detailed_description 2845 2852 plastic T114 Detailed_description 2833 2844 custom-made R79 MODIFY Arg1:T113 Arg2:E59 R80 MODIFY Arg1:T114 Arg2:E59 T115 Date 2865 2877 1 week after E60 Date:T115 T116 Coreference 2901 2909 orthosis E61 Coreference:T116 R81 IDENTICAL Arg1:E61 Arg2:E59 T117 Duration 2923 2940 at least 3 months E62 Duration:T117 T118 Clinical_event 2958 2969 allowed out E63 Clinical_event:T118 T119 Nonbiological_location 2973 2981 hospital R82 MODIFY Arg1:T119 Arg2:E63 T120 Nonbiological_location 2822 2825 bed R83 MODIFY Arg1:T120 Arg2:E58 T121 Date 2985 2998 12 days after E64 Date:T121 T122 Therapeutic_procedure 3014 3029 surgical suture E65 Therapeutic_procedure:T122 A6 POLARITY E65 NEG T123 Diagnostic_procedure 3048 3064 Pain assessments E66 Diagnostic_procedure:T123 T124 Diagnostic_procedure 3090 3111 visual analogue scale E67 Diagnostic_procedure:T124 R84 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E67 Arg2:E66 T125 Diagnostic_procedure 3113 3116 VAS E68 Diagnostic_procedure:T125 R85 IDENTICAL Arg1:E68 Arg2:E67 T126 Lab_value 3197 3204 9 score T127 Lab_value 3206 3213 3 score T128 Lab_value 3219 3226 2 score T129 Activity 3306 3323 normal activities E69 Activity:T129 T130 Activity 3328 3344 returned to work E70 Activity:T130 T132 Date 3348 3362 3 months after E71 Date:T132 T133 Diagnostic_procedure 3383 3393 Cobb angle E72 Diagnostic_procedure:T133 T134 Lab_value 3374 3382 Kyphotic R87 MODIFY Arg1:T134 Arg2:E72 T136 Date 3141 3153 1 week after E73 Date:T136 T137 Date 3169 3181 1 year after E74 Date:T137 R89 MODIFY Arg1:E73 Arg2:T127 R90 MODIFY Arg1:E74 Arg2:T128 T138 Coreference 3119 3122 VAS E75 Coreference:T138 R91 IDENTICAL Arg1:E75 Arg2:E67 R92 MODIFY Arg1:T126 Arg2:E75 R93 MODIFY Arg1:T127 Arg2:E75 R94 MODIFY Arg1:T128 Arg2:E75 T139 Lab_value 3273 3284 improvement R95 MODIFY Arg1:T139 Arg2:E75 T141 Date 3412 3424 1 week after E76 Date:T141 T135 Date 3127 3139 preoperative E77 Date:T135 R88 MODIFY Arg1:E77 Arg2:T126 T140 Date 3398 3410 preoperative E78 Date:T140 T142 Date 3440 3452 1 year after E79 Date:T142 T143 Lab_value 3468 3471 40° T144 Lab_value 3473 3475 8° T145 Lab_value 3481 3484 17° R96 MODIFY Arg1:E78 Arg2:T143 R97 MODIFY Arg1:E76 Arg2:T144 R98 MODIFY Arg1:E79 Arg2:T145 R99 MODIFY Arg1:T143 Arg2:E72 R100 MODIFY Arg1:T144 Arg2:E72 R101 MODIFY Arg1:T145 Arg2:E72 T146 Lab_value 3531 3542 improvement R102 MODIFY Arg1:T146 Arg2:E72 * OVERLAP E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E80 E6 E7 E8 E9 T147 Sign_symptom 158 165 relieve E80 Sign_symptom:T147 R103 CAUSE Arg1:E6 Arg2:E80 A7 POLARITY E80 MAYBE_POS R104 BEFORE Arg1:E9 Arg2:E10 * OVERLAP E10 E11 E12 E82 E13 E14 E16 E18 E19 E21 E22 E23 E25 E26 E24 E27 E28 E29 T148 Detailed_description 542 583 lumbar vertebra bend forward and backward R105 MODIFY Arg1:T148 Arg2:E11 T149 Detailed_description 635 638 rap R106 MODIFY Arg1:T149 Arg2:E12 T150 Biological_structure 658 661 T12 R107 MODIFY Arg1:T150 Arg2:T24 T151 Diagnostic_procedure 792 804 examinations E81 Diagnostic_procedure:T151 T152 Biological_structure 784 791 sensory T153 Detailed_description 764 778 stretch reflex T154 Biological_structure 731 762 upper and lower extremity motor R108 MODIFY Arg1:T152 Arg2:E81 R109 MODIFY Arg1:T153 Arg2:E81 R110 MODIFY Arg1:T154 Arg2:E81 T155 Lab_value 715 727 unremarkable R111 MODIFY Arg1:T155 Arg2:E81 T156 Diagnostic_procedure 683 710 general medical examination E82 Diagnostic_procedure:T156 R112 SUB_PROCEDURE Arg1:E81 Arg2:E82 R113 MODIFY Arg1:T30 Arg2:E13 R114 MODIFY Arg1:T30 Arg2:E14 R115 MODIFY Arg1:T30 Arg2:E16 R116 BEFORE Arg1:E29 Arg2:E30 * OVERLAP E30 E46 R117 BEFORE Arg1:E46 Arg2:E49 * OVERLAP E49 E51 E53 R118 BEFORE Arg1:E53 Arg2:E55 * OVERLAP E55 E56 E57 R119 BEFORE Arg1:E57 Arg2:E58 * OVERLAP E58 E59 E60 R120 BEFORE Arg1:E60 Arg2:E61 * OVERLAP E61 E62 R121 AFTER Arg1:E62 Arg2:E63 * OVERLAP E63 E64 E65 E66 E75 R122 AFTER Arg1:E75 Arg2:E77 R123 AFTER Arg1:E77 Arg2:E73 R124 BEFORE Arg1:E73 Arg2:E74 R125 AFTER Arg1:E74 Arg2:E69 * OVERLAP E69 E70 E71 R126 AFTER Arg1:E71 Arg2:E72 * OVERLAP E72 E78 R127 BEFORE Arg1:E78 Arg2:E76 R128 BEFORE Arg1:E76 Arg2:E79