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+A 60-year-old woman patient was admitted to our hospital on Feb. 18, 2016 because of frequent episodes of hemoptysis for 2 weeks.
+In the previous decade, the patient had frequent but less severe episodes of hemoptysis, which typically ensued following an upper respiratory tract infection.
+Ear, nose, and throat examination and laryngoscope failed to identify an apparent source of bleeding.
+CT chest scan revealed no abnormality.
+The most recent episode occurred after an upper respiratory tract infection 2 weeks ago.
+The patient coughed up as much as about 500 mL of fresh blood in an episode of hemoptysis, which was alleviated by anti-tussive therapy.
+The patient denied a history of smoking and illicit drug use.
+Diagnostic workup revealed no evidence of coagulopathy.
+Upon admission, physical examination revealed signs of rhonchi and reduced breath sounds.
+Bronchoscopy showed a 1-cm lesion at the membranous trachea 2 cm to the carina.
+Tortuous blood vessels were observed running in the submucosa of the trachea (Fig.1).
+CT angiography was performed, demonstrating an artery extending into the submucosa from the descending aorta (Fig.2).
+A diagnosis of Dieulafoy disease of the trachea was entertained.
+Since the blood vessel was considered to be the culprit of hemoptysis, selective arterial embolization was performed 1 week later.
+No fresh episode of acute hemoptysis was observed and the patient was still being followed up at the time of writing this report.
+This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, and also got an informed written consent from the patient.