Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery other than that specified in this protocol is not allowed; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists and adjuvant bisphosphonate or denosumab use is allowed
All patients must be receiving standard of care androgen deprivation treatment (surgical castration versus LHRH agonist or antagonist treatment); subjects receiving LHRH agonist or antagonist must continue treatment throughout the time on this study
Previous hormonal therapy, such as LHRH agonists (e.g., leuprolide, goserelin, buserelin, triptorelin) or LHRH antagonist (e.g. degarelix), anti-androgens (e.g., flutamide, bicalutamide, cyproterone acetate), estrogens (e.g., diethylstilbestrol [DES]), or surgical castration (orchiectomy)
Prior androgen deprivation (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist and/or non-steroidal anti-androgen) is allowed if discontinued at least 90 days prior to study enrollment and given for =< 90 days duration\r\n* For example: Patients on prior LHRH analogs (post-prostatectomy), the discontinuation date should be calculated based on the expected duration of the sustained release injection, not simply the injection date of the drug; for instance, if a 22.5 mg sustained release dose of leuprolide acetate is given (3 month duration), then the expected duration of such a dose would be 90 days after the injection date; for a 7.5 mg leuprolide (1 month duration), the discontinuation date would be 30 days after the injection date\r\n* Please note: Finasteride or dutasteride must be stopped before treatment but should not determine eligibility
Prior androgen deprivation therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist and/or non-steroidal anti-androgen) is allowed if discontinued at least 90 days prior to Step 1 registration and given for =< 90 days duration\r\n* For example: patients on prior LHRH analogs (post-prostatectomy), the discontinuation date should be calculated based on the expected duration of the sustained release injection, not simply the injection date of the drug; for instance, if a 22.5 mg sustained release dose of leuprolide acetate is given (3 month duration), then the expected duration of such a dose would be 90 days after the injection date; for a 7.5 mg leuprolide (1 month duration), the discontinuation date would be 30 days after the injection date \r\n* Please note: finasteride or dutasteride must be stopped before treatment starts but prior usage will not affect eligibility
Have testosterone < 50 ng/dL; patients must continue primary androgen deprivation with an luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue (agonist or antagonist) if they have not undergone orchiectomy
Hormonal-acting agents (including DES, aldosterone, and spironolactone but not including gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonists or antagonists) are forbidden during the trial and must be stopped prior to treatment start; no washout period will be required for any of these agents
Must have undergone bilateral orchiectomy (surgical castration) or be willing to continue gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog or antagonist (medical castration)
Serum testosterone < 50 ng/dL; patients must continue primary androgen deprivation with a luteinizing-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue (agonist or antagonist) if they have not undergone orchiectomy
On Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) with a Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist or prior bilateral orchiectomy. All patients will be required to be on ADT throughout the study;
Surgically or medically castrated. The testosterone levels do not need to be checked if the patient has undergone surgical castration for >4 months. Patients receiving chemical castration should have testosterone levels checked at baseline and confirmed to be in the castrate levels (<0.5 ng/mL or 1.735 nM). In all cases the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist/agonist is to be continued in these patients.
Castrate testosterone levels (< 50 ng/dL) achieved by orchiectomy or maintenance on a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist
Testosterone < 50 ng/dL; patients must continue primary androgen deprivation with an gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue if they have not undergone orchiectomy
For all Parts except Part F and H: Participants must have either post-menopausal status or pre-menopausal status if continuing or beginning ovarian suppression with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist such as goserelin.
Have received systemic anti-cancer treatment or radiotherapy less than 2 weeks before the first dose of AG-270. Subjects with castration-resistant prostate cancer may continue therapy with a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist while participating in this study. Continuation of supportive therapy with bisphosphonates or denosumab is also allowed, regardless of the underlying malignancy.
Age <60 and amenorrhea for 12 or more months (in the absence of chemotherapy, tamoxifen, toremifen, or ovarian suppression) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) value >40 milli-international units per milliliter (mIU/mL) and an estradiol value <40 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) (140 picomoles per liter [pmol/L]). Or ii. Premenopausal or perimenopausal concurrently given a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist starting at least 4 weeks before the start of trial therapy and is planned to continue LHRH during the study.
Patients must not be on active luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonist therapy and must have testosterone level > 50 ng/dL
Testosterone =< 50 ng/dL; subjects must continue primary androgen deprivation with an luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue (agonist or antagonist) if they have not undergone orchiectomy
intra-uterine hormone-releasing systems (IUSs),
Treated with continuous androgen ablative therapy (either surgical castration or luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist/antagonist)
No other anticancer-therapy (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal anti-cancer therapy, radiotherapy [except for palliative local radiotherapy]), biological therapy or other novel agent is to be permitted while the patient is receiving study medication; patients on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue treatment for more than 6 months are allowed entry into the study and may continue at the discretion of the investigator
Ongoing androgen deprivation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog or bilateral orchiectomy, with serum testosterone <= 50 ng/dL (<= 1.7 nmol/L) within 28 days before randomization
Patients must be castrate-resistant (i.e., developed progression of metastases following surgical castration or during medical androgen ablation therapy). Patients receiving medical castration therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues should continue this treatment during this study.
Subject has prior use of any hormones, including luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, ketoconazole, antiandrogens (such as bicalutamide, flutamide, or nilutamide), or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration); patients who have not had an orchiectomy must maintain effective GnRH-analogue therapy for the duration of the trial
If no prior orchiectomy has been performed, patients must remain on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist (e.g. degarelix) therapy; patients who are receiving an antiandrogen as part of primary androgen ablation must demonstrate disease progression following discontinuation of the antiandrogen, defined as two consecutive rising PSA values, obtained at least two weeks apart, or documented osseous or soft tissue progression; at least one of the PSA values must be obtained at least four weeks (flutamide) or six weeks (bicalutamide or nilutamide) after discontinuation
Patients with prostate cancer can continue to receive treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists while on study, as long as there is evidence of disease progression on therapy
Part B2: Participants must have advanced, recurrent, or metastatic breast cancer that is refractory to aromatase inhibitors (AI) with either disease recurrence or disease progression; must be hormone receptor positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative; must be of postmenopausal status or beginning ovarian suppression with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist
Serum testosterone < 50 ng/dL. Subjects must continue primary androgen deprivation with an LHRH analogue (agonist or antagonist) if they have not undergone orchiectomy
Patients must have undergone bilateral surgical castration or must continue on gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists/antagonists for the duration of the study.
Concurrent use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue (i.e. medical castration) with testosterone at screening < 50 ng/dL
Patients must agree to continuation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue/antagonist or bilateral orchiectomy; (patients with a malignancy other than prostate cancer are excluded from this criterion)
Patients must agree to continue to continuation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue/antagonist or bilateral orchiectomy
Prior surgical or chemical castration with serum testosterone <1.7 nmol/L (50 ng/dL). If the method of castration is use of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue,there must be a plan to maintain effective LHRH analogue treatment for the duration of the trial
More than 2 months of prior ADT with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist/agonist at time of consent. Bicalutamide given for =< 2 months at the time of registration as flare prevention is allowed
Prior hormone therapy for prostate cancer including orchiectomy, antiandrogens, ketoconazole, or estrogens (5-alpha reductase inhibitors allowed), or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists/antagonists
Initiated 28 (+ 7) days of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prior to day 1 of protocol therapy\r\n* Only luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist treatment is considered ADT, bicalutamide or other antiandrogens used alone do not count
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or bilateral orchiectomy
Patients must agree to continuation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist or bilateral orchiectomy
More than 1 month of prior hormone exposure or hormone exposure within 30 days of enrollment (up to 1 month of prior luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist and/or anti-androgen therapy as neoadjuvant therapy prior to prostatectomy is allowed); prior enzalutamide, apalutamide, ketoconazole, abiraterone, or TAK700 for prostate cancer are prohibited; prior antiandrogen therapy (including but not limited to bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide, enzalutamide, and apalutamide) and prior estrogen therapy (including estrogen patch) are not allowed; all investigational agents are prohibited within 30 days of enrollment
Men who have had gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist hormone therapy in the prior six months
Prior hormone therapy for prostate cancer including orchiectomy, antiandrogens, ketoconazole, or estrogens (5-alpha reductase inhibitors allowed), or LHRH agonists/antagonists (Note: LHRH allowed if begun within 1 month of day 1).
Patients undergoing any systemic therapy (except for luteinizing hormone-releasing [LHRH] hormone agonist or antagonist treatment for prostate cancer, and bisphosphonates or receptor activator of nuclear factor [Nf] kappa [RANK] ligand inhibitors for bone strengthening), major surgery or radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer within 2 weeks of study entry.
No prior hormonal therapy with the exception of oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride, etc.); patients who have received prior oral anti-androgen therapies (bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide, etc.) must be off treatment for at least 6 weeks prior to enrollment; patients who have received prior luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist therapy (leuprolide, goserelin acetate, etc.) are eligible provided serum testosterone is > 50 mg/dl
Patients who have had chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or anticancer agents within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) of the first dose of study treatment, except hormonal therapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues for medical castration in patients with prostate cancer and breast cancer, which are permitted
Last dose of any antineoplastic therapy >= 2 weeks (including chemotherapy, small molecule inhibitors, radiation, and/or other investigational anticancer agents); patients receiving hormone manipulation (e.g. selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs], aromatase inhibitors, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist, etc.) for reasons other than treatment of metastatic breast cancer may continue this treatment at the discretion of the investigator
Prior hormone therapy for prostate cancer including orchiectomy, antiandrogens, ketoconazole, or estrogens (5-alpha reductase inhibitors allowed), or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists/antagonists.
Bilateral orchiectomy or ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist (surgical or medical castration).
The following ongoing treatments are permitted:\r\n* Hormone-replacement therapy or oral contraceptives\r\n* Hormone therapy for primary prevention of breast cancer
Serum testosterone < 50 ng/dL; patients must continue primary anti-androgen therapy (ADT) with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue (agonist or antagonist) if they have not undergone orchiectomy
Treatment naive, defined as less than 2 months of standard of care ADT (e.g. gonadotrophin releasing hormone [GNRH] agonist or antagonist with or without antiandrogen, including abiraterone) for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer prior to enrollment (at time of consent)
Treated with continuous androgen ablative therapy (either surgical castration or gonadotrophin releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist/antagonist) with documented castrate level of serum testosterone (< 50 ng/dl)
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) using an luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist (e.g. leuprolide, goserelin) or antagonist (e.g. degarelix) must continue on therapy unless prior bilateral orchiectomy has been performed; OR screening serum testosterone must be =< 50 ng/dl
Patients must have been surgically or medically castrated; if the method of castration was luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (leuprolide or goserelin) or antagonists (degarelix), then the patient must be willing to continue the use of LHRH agonists or antagonists; serum testosterone must be at castration levels (< 50 ng/dL) within 3 months prior to registration
Patients must agree to continue to continuation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist or bilateral orchiectomy
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) \super-agonist\ or antagonist, or bilateral orchiectomy and serum testosterone level < 50 ng/dL (< 0.5 ng/mL, < 1.7 nmol/L) at screening.
Patients must have been surgically or medically castrated; if the method of castration was luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (leuprolide or goserelin) or antagonists (degarelix), then the patient must be willing to continue the use of LHRH agonists or antagonists; serum testosterone must be at castration levels (< 50 ng/dL) within 3 months prior to registration
The use of any prior hormones including luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, LHRH antagonists, antiandrogens such as bicalutamide, flutamide and nilutamide, and/or the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, PCSPES (or PC-x product), megestrol acetate, or estrogen containing nutraceuticals within 6 months of\r\nstudy treatment initiation
mCRPC EXPANSION COHORT: Patients must have undergone bilateral surgical castration or must agree to continue on gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists/antagonists for the duration of the study
Concurrent standard long-term anticancer hormonal therapy with drugs including, but not limited to, selective estrogen receptor modulators or Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs if started at least six months before the first dose of ARQ 751 is allowed
Treatment within 28 days of cycle1 day1: any other systemic therapy for prostate cancer (with the exception of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonists and LHRH antagonists for testosterone suppression, and bisphosphonates and RANK-ligand inhibitors for bone metastases which are allowed); any other investigational product
Patients must be off prior chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or biological therapy for at least 4 weeks or > 3 half-lives whichever comes first; patients with prostate cancer may continue to receive luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist (unless orchiectomy has been performed)
Concurrent use of other anticancer agents or treatments, with the following exceptions:\r\n* Ongoing treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists or antagonists, denosumab (Prolia) or bisphosphonate (eg, zoledronic acid) is allowed; ongoing treatment should be kept at a stable schedule; however, if medically required, a change of dose, compound, or both is allowed
Ongoing gonadal androgen deprivation therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, antagonists or orchiectomy; patients who have not had an orchiectomy must be maintained on effective GnRH analogue/antagonist therapy
Ongoing gonadal androgen deprivation therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, antagonists or orchiectomy; patients who have not had an orchiectomy must be maintained on effective GnRH analogue/antagonist therapy
Prior surgical castration or concurrent use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue (i.e. medical castration) with testosterone at screening < 50 ng/dL
Patient deemed eligible for complete androgen blockade, and androgen deprivation therapy by treating physician (this includes consideration of baseline liver function prior to initiation of therapy, if necessary at physician’s discretion); for patients not eligible for anti-testosterone therapy, hormone therapy with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist alone will be permitted on case by case by study principal investigator; AS can be any LHRH agonists, LHRG antagonists or anti-androgens that are approved for androgen suppression for the treatment of prostate cancer
Patients must have been surgically or medically castrated; if the method of castration was luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (leuprolide or goserelin), then the patient must be willing to continue the use of LHRH agonists; serum testosterone must be at castrate levels (< 50 ng/dL) at least 14 days prior to registration
Hormonal therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist or oral anti-androgen) exceeding 4 months prior to registration
Previous hormonal therapy, such as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (e.g., goserelin, leuprolide) or LHRH antagonists (e.g., degarelix), anti-androgens (e.g., flutamide, bicalutamide), estrogens (e.g., diethylstilbestrol [DES]), or surgical castration (orchiectomy)
Progressing on continuous androgen ablative therapy (either surgical castration or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist)
For castration-only Cohort C, patients must have developed castrate resistant prostate cancer after progressing on first line hormone therapy with either surgical castration or LHRH agonist or LHRH agonist plus an anti-androgen
Previous hormonal therapy, such as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (e.g., leuprolide, goserelin, buserelin, triptorelin) or LHRH antagonist (e.g. degarelix), anti-androgens (e.g., flutamide, bicalutamide, cyproterone acetate), estrogens (e.g., diethylstilbestrol [DES]), or surgical castration (orchiectomy)
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) using a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist (e.g. leuprolide, goserelin) or antagonist (e.g. degarelix) must continue on therapy unless prior bilateral orchiectomy has been performed
Prior hormonal therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist/antagonist with or without antiandrogen) up to 8 weeks is permitted
Prior hormonal therapy, such as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (e.g., goserelin, leuprolide), antiandrogens (e.g., flutamide, bicalutamide), estrogens (e.g., diethylstilbestrol [DES]), or bilateral orchiectomy
Androgen suppression therapy within past year; defined as: luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist, or androgen blocker, not 5-alpha reductase inhibitor
At least 28 days elapsed between last anti-cancer treatment administration and the initiation of study treatment (except for Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone [LHRH] or Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone [GnRH]), or resolution of all previous treatment related toxicities to CTCAE version 4.03 grade of ? 1 (except for chemotherapy induced alopecia and grade 2 peripheral neuropathy or grade 2 urinary frequency which are allowed). Prior major surgery must be at least 12 weeks prior to study entry.
Oestrogens, including hormone replacement therapy;
No other anticancer-therapy (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal anti-cancer therapy, radiotherapy [except for palliative local radiotherapy]), biological therapy or other novel agent is to be permitted while the patient is receiving study medication; patients on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue treatment for more than 6 months are allowed entry into the study and may continue at the discretion of the investigator
Ongoing gonadal androgen deprivation therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, antagonists or orchiectomy; patients who have not had an orchiectomy must be maintained on effective GnRH analogue/antagonist therapy
Pre/perimenopausal women with a known hypersensitivity to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (gnRH).
Surgically or medically castrated, with testosterone levels of < 50 ng/dL; if the patient is medically castrated, continuous dosing with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue must have been initiated at least 4 weeks prior to randomization and must be continued throughout the study to maintain castrate levels of testosterone including post-treatment follow up period
Patients must have been surgically or medically castrated; if the method of castration was luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (leuprolide or goserelin) or antagonists (degarelix), then the patient must be willing to continue the use of LHRH agonists or antagonists; serum testosterone must be at castration levels (< 50 ng/dL) within 3 months prior to registration
Non-pregnant and not nursing; women of childbearing potential must take the pregnancy test and must commit to receive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist Zoladex (goserelin) for two years starting from the commencement of the study medications
Surgically or medically castrated, with testosterone levels of <=50 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) (<2.0 nanometer [nM]). If the patient is being treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists/antagonists (patient who have not undergone orchiectomy) this therapy must have been initiated at least 4 weeks prior to Cycle 1 Day 1 and must be continued throughout the study.
Received hormonal therapy (apart from luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist/antagonist for prostate cancer and hormone replacement therapy) within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment
Received hormonal therapy (apart from luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist/antagonist for prostate cancer and hormone replacement therapy) within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment
TUMOR BIOPSY SEQUENCING: Patients with bone metastases or hypercalcemia on intravenous bisphosphonate treatment, denosumab, or similar agents areare eligible to participate and may continue this treatment; patients with prostate cancer may continue luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists or antagonists
Prior history of up to 8 weeks of androgen deprivation therapy defined as luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) or other medical castration therapy prior to registration is acceptable; this will be in addition to the 6 months of ADT on study
Prior orchiectomy or must be on ongoing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist (e.g., degarelix) therapy
Men who have received any hormonal manipulation (antiandrogens; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist; 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors) within the previous 6 months
Patients with prostate cancer can continue to receive treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists while on study, as long as there is evidence of disease progression on therapy
Prior treatment with an anti-androgen, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, or a combination of the two
There are two patient populations eligible for the study: those who have not started any therapy with LHRH agonist or antagonist (or orchiectomy) (Early Induction Group) and those who have already started therapy with LHRH agonist or antagonist (or orchiectomy) within the 30 days prior to registration (Late Induction Group); patients must be registered within 30 days of first injection of the LHRH agonist or antagonist (or orchiectomy)
In the late induction group, patients must have had no more than 30 days of prior castration (medical or surgical) for metastatic prostate cancer prior to registration; the start date of medical castration is considered the day the patient first received an injection of a LHRH agonist/antagonist (or orchiectomy), not an oral antiandrogen\r\n* If the method of castration was luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (i.e., leuprolide or goserelin), the patient must be willing to continue the use of LHRH agonist and add bicalutamide or TAK-700 (according to randomization) during protocol treatment\r\n* If the patient was on an antiandrogen (e.g. bicalutamide, flutamide), the patient must be willing to switch over to bicalutamide or TAK-700 (according to randomization); there is no limit on how many days a patient may have been on an antiandrogen (e.g. bicalutamide, flutamide) or a five alpha reductase inhibitor (e.g. finasteride or dutasteride) prior to going on study and no washout is required\r\n* If the method of castration was LHRH antagonists (i.e. Degarelix), the patient must be willing to switch to an LHRH agonist during protocol treatment
Has ongoing androgen deprivation with serum testosterone <50 ng/dL (<2.0 nM). Treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists or antagonists must have been initiated ?4 weeks prior to first dose of study therapy and must be continued throughout the study
negative serum pregnancy test at baseline (within 14 days prior to randomization) and agree to use medically approved precautions to prevent pregnancy during the study and for 12 weeks following the last dose of abemaciclib id menopause induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or radiation
Castration resistant disease defined as ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or bilateral orchiectomy and serum testosterone level ? 1.73 nmol/l (50 ng/dL) at screening visit. Individuals who have not had a bilateral orchiectomy must have a plan to maintain effective GnRH-analogue therapy for the duration of the trial.
Anti-tumor therapy (chemotherapy, antibody therapy, molecular targeted therapy) within 21 days or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer, of study drug dosing (6 weeks for nitrosoureas, mitomycin C, or molecular agents with t1/2 > 10 days); concurrent use of an luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist is permitted for all individuals and ongoing enzalutamide is required in Group 3.
Age < 55 years and surgical menopause with bilateral oophorectomy a. Note: Ovarian radiation or treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist (goserelin acetate or leuprolide acetate) is not permitted for induction of ovarian suppression at the time of screening. Long term use (>6 months prior to screening) is permitted
Once randomized at day 1, subject must maintain ADT with an LHRH agonist or antagonist during study treatment or have a history of bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., medical or surgical castration).
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist or prior bilateral orchiectomy (medical or surgical castration);
Prior therapy for prostate cancer (exceptions: luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist or antagonist may have been initiated within 30 days prior to enrollment; bicalutamide may have been given within 60 days of enrollment as long as it has been stopped at least 7 days before enrollment and total duration was no longer than 30 days; previous alpha-reductase inhibitor use allowed IF patient has not been taking for at least 30 days prior to abiraterone acetate initiation, OR if alpha reductase inhibitor was not used as a primary treatment of prostate cancer and the PSA on alpha-reductase inhibitor remains within eligibility when doubled
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or a surgical/medical castration with testosterone level of ?1.73nmol/L (50ng/dL)
Pre-/peri-menopausal women can be enrolled if amenable to be treated with the luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, goserelin. Individuals must have commenced treatment with goserelin or an alternative LHRH agonist at least 4 weeks prior to first dose of study drug. If individuals have received an alternative LHRH agonist prior to study entry, they must switch to goserelin on or before Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1) for the duration of the study
EARLY INDUCTION GROUP: Subjects who have started androgen deprivation therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist therapy with or without an anti-androgen agent) a maximum of 28 days before registration and who otherwise meet all the eligibility criteria.
LATE INDUCTION GROUP: Subjects who have NOT started any androgen deprivation therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist therapy with or without an antiandrogen agent).
Patients with prior surgical or chemical castration with a serum testosterone of <50 ng/mL. If the method of castration is luteinizing hormone releasing level hormone (LHRH) agonists, the patient must be willing to continue the use of LHRH agonists during protocol treatment.
Have a history of uncontrolled pituitary hormone diseases that currently require varying doses of supplemental hormonal administration (thyroid hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], growth hormone) or other endocrine disorders requiring varying doses of hormone administration with the exception of diabetes and osteoporosis
Castrate level of serum testosterone (< 50 ng/mL) achieved by prior hormonal therapy consisting of either a) orchiectomy or b) luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists with or without an anti-androgen
Prior hormonal therapy, such as LHRH agonists (e.g., goserelin, leuprolide), antiandrogens (e.g., flutamide, bicalutamide), estrogens (e.g., diethylstilbestrol [DES]), or bilateral orchiectomy
Androgen deprivation therapy (if applicable) initiated > 3 months prior to registration; patients who have undergone bilateral orchiectomy will be eligible if they meet all other criteria; NOTE: patients with a history of locally recurrent hormone refractory cancer are eligible for this study, not patients with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer
Ongoing androgen depletion therapy with a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone analog or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (surgical or medical castration)
Previous hormonal therapy such as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (e.g. goserelin, leuprolide), anti-androgens (e.g. flutamide, bicalutamide), estrogens (e.g. diethylstilbestrol [DES]), or surgical castration (orchiectomy)
Throughout the study, ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue or prior bilateral orchiectomy (medical or surgical castration);
Patients must have undergone orchiectomy, or have been on LHRH agonists or antagonists, for at least 3 months prior to study entry. Patients on LHRH agonists/antagonists must remain on these agents for the duration of the study.
Subjects who are currently taking or have received hormones (eg, estrogen or progesterone) within 7 days the first dose of study drug. Note: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs are permissible.
Have had either surgical castration OR be on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist therapy with serum testosterone < 50 ng/dl AND agree to stay on LHRH agonist or antagonist therapy during the study
Prior hormone therapy for prostate cancer including orchiectomy, antiandrogens (including first-generation antiandrogens, enzalutamide, ARN-509 and others), cytochrome P450, family 17 (CYP17) inhibitors (including abiraterone, TAK-700, galeterone, ketoconazole, and others), estrogens, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonists; topical ketoconazole and other topical antifungal agents are allowed; prior therapy with 5alpha-reductase inhibitors is allowed; LHRH therapy allowed if begun within 4 weeks of day 1\r\n* Prior androgens are allowed if the patient had a testosterone within the normal range prior to starting androgens and the androgens have been stopped for at least 7 days
The subject must have castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with castrate levels of serum testosterone less than 50 ng/dL; Note: subjects must maintain a castrate state; if they have not had an orchiectomy must continue to receive luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists unless intolerant
Castration resistant prostatic adenocarcinoma; subjects must have castrated levels of serum testosterone (< 50 ng/dL) achieved by orchiectomy or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist therapy
Have postmenopausal status due to either surgical/natural menopause or ovarian suppression (initiated at least 28 days prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist such as goserelin
Ongoing androgen depletion therapy with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration); for patients who have not had an orchiectomy, there must be a plan to maintain effective GnRH-analogue therapy for the duration of the trial
All patients who have not initiated hormone therapy (early induction patients) must have elevated PSA >= 4 ng/ml within 28 days prior to registration; for late induction registrations, PSA must be >= 4 ng/ml prior to start of androgen deprivation therapy; either antiandrogen or LHRH analogue or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist; if patients are on antiandrogen, this will need to be discontinued for at least 7 days prior to registration
Patients who are being treated with a GNRH antagonist should be willing to switch to a LHRH analogue after registration
Patients with rising PSA must have had either 1) prior definitive therapy including surgery or radiation therapy (hormone-naïve, defined as hormone-naïve patients and patients who received hormone therapy in the past who currently have total testosterone greater than 50 ng/dL), or 2) hormone suppressive therapy as documented by surgical castration or a serum testosterone value less than 50 ng/dL (hormone-independent). Patients must have completed these therapies for at least 6 months but no longer than 20 years prior to enrollment
Currently on androgen ablation hormone therapy (a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist/antagonist or orchiectomy) with testosterone level < 50 ng/dL)
Patients must have a one week washout period from prior hormonal therapy (e.g. testosterone, estrogen, progestin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist)
Participants without orchiectomy must be maintained on luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonist therapy
Bilateral orchiectomy or maintenance on androgen ablation therapy with luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist, or polyestradiol phosphate
COHORT A: More than 5 months of prior hormonal therapy (e.g., gonadotropin hormone releasing analogs, megestrol acetate, or Casodex); there is no washout period required for gonadotropin hormone releasing (GnRH) analogs; a two week washout period is required for megestrol or anti-androgen
Subject has ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue (agonist or antagonist) or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration).
Surgically or medically castrated, with testosterone levels of < 50 ng/dL (< 2.0 nM); if the patient is being treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (patient who have not undergone orchiectomy), this therapy must have been initiated at least 4 weeks prior to cycle 1 day 1 and must be continued throughout the study
Patients must not have previously received hormonal therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist, antiandrogen, or both), with the exception of neoadjuvant or adjuvant hormones given in conjunction with prostatectomy; in such cases, hormone therapy must have been administered for =< 6 months, discontinued >= 6 months ago, and serum testosterone must be >= 150 ng/dL
Participants without orchiectomy must be maintained on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonist therapy
Ongoing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) using a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist (e.g. leuprolide, goserelin) or antagonist (e.g. degarelix) must continue on therapy unless prior bilateral orchiectomy has been performed; screening serum testosterone must be =< 50 ng/dl
Prior androgen deprivation with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is permitted provided that testosterone levels prior to study entry have recovered to normal limits per reference laboratory
Patients must agree to continue to continuation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue/antagonist or bilateral orchiectomy
Castrate levels of testosterone (testosterone < 50 ng/dL) on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients who have not undergone orchiectomy will continue gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonist therapy.
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)
Newly diagnosed androgen-dependent prostate cancer; patients already on androgen-dependent therapy (ADT) are eligible as long as the time from initiation of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog or antagonist is not greater than 3 months
Have testosterone < 50 ng/dL; patients must continue primary androgen-deprivation with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue if they have not undergone orchiectomy
Patients on bisphosphonates for any cancer or on hormone therapy for prostate cancer will not need to discontinue this therapy to be eligible; however, patients with prostate cancer will need to have metastatic prostate cancer that has progressed despite hormonal therapy; castrate testosterone levels occur within hours after castration and within 2 to 3 weeks of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist; the current standard is to continue androgen suppression despite progressive disease
For cohorts 1, 2, and 4 only: current or prior hormonal therapy (e.g., gonadotropin hormone releasing analogs, megestrol acetate, or antiandrogens) are exclusionary
A PSA of > 0.2 ng/ml after 6-18 months of androgen suppression therapy, which may consist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist alone or the combination of an LHRH agonist or antagonist plus an antiandrogen, such as bicalutamide; androgen suppression therapy will continue without interruption
Patients currently being treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH agonist), bicalutamide or with bisphosphonates may continue treatment while on clinical trial PU-H71 as long as the treatment has been initiated before the study start; GnRH agonist must have been well tolerated for at least three months
I 04. Effective castration (serum testosterone levels ?0.50 ng/mL) by orchiectomy and/or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists or antagonist with or without anti-androgens.
Serum testosterone levels < 50 ng/dL (unless surgically castrate); patients must continue androgen deprivation with an luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist if they have not undergone orchiectomy
Is willing to maintain androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist or has had a bilateral orchiectomy; The exclusion criteria apply only to patients starting new treatment with enzalutamide after receiving placebo as randomized treatment. Each patient must not meet any of the following criteria:
Ongoing androgen depletion therapy with a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogue or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)
Ongoing monthly gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GNRH) agonist is required in pre-menopausal women or male participants for at least 4 weeks prior to study entry
Ongoing androgen depletion therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration). Note: patients who have not undergone orchiectomy must continue GnRH analog therapy for the duration of this protocol.
No therapy modulating testosterone levels (such as luteinizing-hormone releasing-hormone agonists/antagonists and antiandrogens) is permitted within 12 months prior to enrollment; agents such as 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, ketoconazole, megestrol acetate, systemic steroids (replacement doses of steroids are allowed), PC-SPES, Saw Palmetto are not permitted at any time during the period that the PSA values are being collected
>90 days post hormone therapy usages, subjects who have or are currently undergoing hormone therapy (GnRH agonist/antagonist) must discontinue hormone therapy and go through a 90 day washout period prior to consideration for study participation, and must remain off hormone therapy throughout the duration of the follow-up period (5 years);
No prior treatment for prostate cancer including prior surgery (excluding TURP), pelvic lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy; patients may have received up to 4 months of androgen deprivation therapy (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone [LHRH] agonists, antiandrogens, or both) prior to being enrolled on the study
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist, or bilateral orchiectomy and serum testosterone level < 50 ng/dL (< 0.5 ng/mL, < 1.7 nmol/L) at screening
Castrate testosterone levels at screening with continued Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) therapy
CRPC participants must maintain ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue, antagonist or orchiectomy providing serum testosterone is <50 ng/dL (<1.7 nmol/L)
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with an gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or prior bilateral orchiectomy (medical or surgical castration). For patients who have not had bilateral orchiectomy, there must be a plan to maintain effective GnRH-analogue for the duration of the trial.
Ongoing gonadal androgen deprivation therapy with LHRH analogues or orchiectomy. Patients, who have not had an orchiectomy, must be maintained on standard dosing of LHRH analogue therapy at appropriate frequency for the duration of the study
Has not received systemic therapy for prostate cancer (i.e. luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist/antagonist therapy)
Subjects who are currently on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonist therapy must continue androgen suppression
Postmenopausal; use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist permitted
Concurrent use of other anticancer agents or treatments except luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists, LHRH agonists, zoledronic acid and other bone targeting agents
=< 2 regimens of cytotoxic chemotherapy prior to study entry; retinoids, vitamin D analogues, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists or antagonists, antiandrogens, progestational agents, estrogens, prostate cancer (PC)-SPES, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-analogues, vaccines, cytokines will not be considered \cytotoxics\; patients who have previously received ketoconazole + glucocorticoids will be eligible for this trial
Progressive metastatic prostate cancer (positive bone scan or measurable disease) despite castrate levels of testosterone (either from orchiectomy or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist therapy)
Hormonal anticancer therapies except for LHRH antagonists or LHRH agonists in hormone-refractory prostate cancer
Patients must have castrate levels of testosterone (< 50 ng/dL) on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues or have had prior orchiectomy; GnRH analogues must be continued while on study
Patients with prostate cancer must continue to receive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy (unless orchiectomy has been done); if a patient has refused GnRH therapy, they may be enrolled on a dose level for which the safety has already been determined
Patients must have had evidence of disease progression while receiving primary androgen suppression therapy by orchiectomy or other primary hormonal therapy and abiraterone (specifically, patients can have received multiple prior additional androgen axis targeting agents including enzalutamide, and prior chemotherapy, but must have had progression while receiving abiraterone either currently or in the past)\r\n* Patients currently on abiraterone may continue with the start of the study drug(s)\r\n* Patients may continue luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist therapy (e.g., leuprolide or goserelin) or LHRH antagonist (e.g. aberelix); patients who have not undergone bilateral orchiectomy may continue LHRH therapy while on protocol
Prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist and/or antagonist allowed for either (neo)adjuvant treatment with local therapy or for biochemical relapse
Last effective dose of LHRH agonist/antagonist “expired” > 3 months prior to study entry; for example, a patient receiving LHRH agonist injection every 3 months would be eligible provided their last injection was > 6 months prior to day 1 of protocol therapy; a patient receiving LHRH agonist injections every 4 months will be eligible provided last injection was > 7 months prior to day 1 of protocol therapy
Hormonal therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, GnRH antagonists or high dose bicalutamide within 1 month of enrollment unless serum testosterone is within normal limits
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)
Any type of systemic anticancer agent (including investigational) within 3 weeks of first dose of study treatment, or within 5 half-lives of the agent whichever is shorter; subjects on luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists may be maintained on these agents
Men with metastatic prostate cancer that require castration therapy with either using an luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue or surgical castration are eligible; complete androgen blockade using anti-androgen therapy prior to castration or up to approximately 4-6 weeks following castration therapy is permitted to prevent disease flare; thereafter anti-androgen therapy may continue or be discontinued based on treating physicians preference; or\r\n* Any men with prostate cancer who are candidates for castration therapy despite no evidence of definite metastatic disease including patient with biochemical failure or rising PSA are also permitted to enter study provided castration therapy is planned for a minimum of a year; patients with biochemical failure prior to enrollment should have also have already received appropriate salvage therapy; men with prostate cancer who have already started castration therapy are also permitted to enter study provided castration therapy was initiated within one month of study entry; or\r\n* Men with prostate cancer previously treated with castration therapy for management of localized prostate cancer in the adjuvant setting or in combination with radiation therapy are permitted to enter study provided they currently have known metastatic disease and have non-castrate testosterone levels (testosterone > 50 ng/dL)
Surgical castration or ongoing use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with confirmed castrate levels of testosterone
Have discontinued previous treatments for cancer and recovered from the acute effects of therapy (for example, at least 42 days for mitomycin-C or nitrosoureas, 28 days for other chemotherapy and biologics. At the discretion of the investigator, hormone refractory prostate cancer patients who are stable on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy and breast cancer patients who are stable on antiestrogen therapy (for example, an aromatase inhibitor) may continue treatment
Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration);
Prior hormone therapy for prostate cancer including orchiectomy, antiandrogens, ketoconazole, or estrogens (5-alpha reductase inhibitors allowed), or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists/antagonists
Ongoing systemic therapy (other than a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists [LHRH] agonist/antagonist) for prostate cancer including, but not limited to:\r\n* CYP-17 inhibitors (e.g. ketoconazole, abiraterone)\r\n* Antiandrogens (e.g. bicalutamide, nilutamide)\r\n* Second generation antiandrogens (e.g. ARN-509)\r\n* Immunotherapy (e.g. sipuleucel-T)\r\n* Chemotherapy (e.g. docetaxel, cabazitaxel)\r\n* Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g. radium-223, strontium-89, samarium- 153)
NOTE: use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (e.g., leuprolide or goserelin) is not allowed
Use of any of the following medications within the past 6 months: testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estrogens, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs, antiandrogens, spironolactone, ketoconazole, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), megestrol acetate, prednisone 20 mg daily or equivalent doses of other glucocorticoids for more than two weeks
Planned treatment with castration therapy (gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist/antagonist) for >= 8 months
Prior hormone therapy for prostate cancer including orchiectomy, antiandrogens (including first-generation antiandrogens, enzalutamide, apalutamide and others), CYP17 inhibitors (including abiraterone, TAK-700, galeterone, ketoconazole, and others), estrogens, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonists; prior therapy with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors is allowed; LHRH therapy allowed if begun within 4 weeks of day 1; up to 30 days of bicalutamide is allowed if it is stopped two weeks prior to day 1
Men > 18 diagnosed with prostate cancer for which antiandrogen therapy (ADT) (castration therapy) is being prescribed for at least 16 weeks; castration may be achieved surgically or using gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (i.e. leuprolide, goserelin, etc.) or LHRH antagonists (i.e. degarelix)
Hormone replacement therapy in the last three months
Post-menopausal status, as defined by institutional guidelines; concurrent gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy is allowed
Medical indication for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) via luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog +/- oral anti-androgen
Be on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist or prior bilateral orchiectomy; all patients will be required to be on ADT during the study period
PROSTATE CANCER: Patients who are initiating any chemotherapy (examples are docetaxel, cabazitaxel, etc.) and/or hormone directed treatment for prostate cancer; examples of hormone directed therapy include gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonists (such as leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, histrelin and degarelix), androgen receptor blockers (such as bicalutamide or enzalutamide), or androgen biosynthesis inhibitors (such as abiraterone)
Second malignancies are allowed as long as the disease does not require active treatment with concomitant systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, investigational or biologic therapy (e.g., anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 [CTLA4] or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] monoclonal antibodies); hormone-related therapies (e.g., gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, tamoxifen, etc.) are allowed
Diagnosed with prostate cancer\r\n* Treatment with ADT (gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist/antagonist with or without anti-androgen) for prostate cancer\r\n* Receiving ADT for a minimum of 12 weeks before enrollment into the study\r\n* Planned ADT for the duration of the 12-week study period
Receiving or planning to receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist
First dose of LHRH agonist or antagonist no more than 6 months prior to date of study content
Men ? 30 years of age with non-metastatic prostate cancer, having undergone bilateral orchiectomy or initiated androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and is expected to continue on ADT for at least 12 months
Arm 1 patients may not have received any prior luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists/antagonists, antiandrogens, or chemotherapy for their prostate cancer; treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) are allowed
Have been previously diagnosed with a malignant solid tumor, completed their required surgical, and/or chemotherapy and/or radiation curative intent therapy at least three months prior to enrollment, and have an anticipated treatment-free life span of 12 months or longer; chemoprophylaxis with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer in women and anti-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) therapy for prostate cancer in men will be permitted
Use of endocrine therapy (selective estrogen receptor modulator, aromatase inhibitor, gonadotrophin releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist) within 6 months of start of study
Taking luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, androgen receptor blocking agents, finasteride, or has undergone bilateral orchiectomy
Documentation of menopausal status: postmenopausal subjects or pre-menopausal subjects with ovarian radiation or concomitant therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist/antagonist are eligible.
Have testosterone < 50 ng/dL; patients must continue primary androgen deprivation with an luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)/GnRH analogue (agonist or antagonist) if they have not undergone orchiectomy
Currently on therapy aimed at lowering testosterone levels (includes gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist/antagonist, prior bilateral orchiectomy, oral anti-androgens, or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors); testosterone replacement is allowed but treatment should be stable during the entire study
Treatment with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or other investigational therapy within 3 weeks of first study doses; patients with non-adenocarcinoma of the prostate who may be on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist therapy may continue use
Use of aromatase inhibitors, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH)-agonists i.e. Lupron, Zoladex within the last 6 months
Hormone replacement therapy within the last 6 months
Note: Ovarian radiation or treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist (goserelin acetate or leuprolide acetate) is not permitted for induction of ovarian suppression
Patients must have castrate levels of testosterone (< 50 ng/dL) on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue or have had prior bilateral orchiectomy, with evidence of castration-resistant disease by Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria
Primary or recurrent castration resistant prostate carcinoma with skeletal and/or nodal involvement not currently undergoing systemic chemotherapy who are about to commence therapy with docetaxel/prednisone; (note that systemic hormonal targeted therapy including luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonists [Lupron or Trelstar], other anti-androgens, and/or abiraterone or enzalutamide may be in use)
Men who have received any hormonal manipulation (antiandrogens; luteinizing hormone releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist; 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors) within the previous 12 months
The subject has biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate with intermediate to high risk disease by University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) scoring and possesses a Gleason 4 component to the tumor; subjects will be enrolled either prior to radical prostatectomy (N=5) or prior to initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist +/- antiandrogen) followed by definitive radiation therapy as their primary treatment for prostate cancer (N=5)
For part 2 of the study: plans to initiate castrating therapy (with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] antagonist, GnRH agonist, or orchiectomy); an antiandrogen may be started after initial imaging but cannot be used prior to baseline imaging; an antiandrogen is allowed but not required
Ongoing treatment with any systemic therapy intended for the treatment of prostate cancer (e.g., antiandrogen or LHRH agonist or antagonist)
Patient must have surgical resection followed by systemic adjuvant therapy with an aromatase inhibitor (AIs) as part of planned treatment; any approved AI at standard clinical dosing may be used; in pre-menopausal patients, ovarian suppression with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist will be started prior to initiation of the AI on a separate clinical trial in parallel with the imaging study
Premenopausal women will be considered eligible for study participation if they are receiving medical ovarian suppression with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists with documented estradiol blood levels in their respective postmenopausal ranges.
Hormonal therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist or oral anti-androgen) exceeding 4 months prior to registration