Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Women should not breastfeed while taking study treatment and for 4 weeks after the last dose of napabucasin or while undergoing treatment with FOLFIRI and for 180 days after the last dose of FOLFIRI. Patients undergoing primary systemic treatment (hormones or chemotherapy) as initial treatment with neoadjuvant reducing tumor size After undergoing surgery, patients may be optimally or sub optimally debulked Patients undergoing elective pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for any diagnosis/indication Hematologic parameters for patients undergoing biopsy only: patients should have international normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.4 and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =< 40 seconds (unless due to lupus anticoagulant); in patients not meeting these parameters, clearance by hematology will be required prior to undergoing a biopsy Patient capable of undergoing anesthesia Eligible for otherwise curative treatment or undergoing concurrent therapy Rochester patients: Willing to sign consent onto Evaluation of cardiac function in patients undergoing proton beam or photon radiotherapy, IRB number 15-007443 Hematologic parameters for patients undergoing biopsy only: patients should have international normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.4 and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =< 40 seconds (unless due to lupus anticoagulant); in patients not meeting these parameters, clearance by hematology will be required prior to undergoing a biopsy Patients undergoing primary medical treatment (hormone or chemotherapy) as initial treatment with neoadjuvant intent of reducing tumor size Outpatients with MPE undergoing IPC placement Patients undergoing pleurodesis for benign disease (e.g., spontaneous pneumothorax) Patients who are concomitantly undergoing systemic therapy for more advanced stage disease are eligible. Planned for multidisciplinary evaluation by a breast surgical oncologist and breast radiation oncologist. For patients undergoing mastectomy and desirous of reconstruction or those undergoing breast conservation in whom oncoplastic local tissue rearrangement or reduction mammoplasty is being considered, this multidisciplinary evaluation will also include a plastic surgeon Any condition or history of illness or surgery that might pose an additional risk to men undergoing the VTP procedure; Undergoing or have plans to undergo changes to current cancer treatment. Patients who are currently undergoing other anti-tumor therapies or have concurrent active cancer Patients must be willing to and medically capable of undergoing the surgical operation Patients undergoing prior surgery or laser interstitial thermotherapy are allowed Histologically confirmed prostate cancer of any stage undergoing RP Patients undergoing an extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP); lung sparing surgeries, such as pleurectomy/decortication, are acceptable Hematologic parameters for patients undergoing biopsy only: patients should have international normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.4 and prothrombin time (PT) =< 40 seconds (unless due to lupus anticoagulant); in patients not meeting these parameters, clearance by hematology will be required prior to undergoing a biopsy localized prostate cancer undergoing surveillance or surgery; For patients undergoing definitive CFRT, patients with distant metastatic disease are not eligible Patient undergoing yellow fever vaccination. Patients with resectable primary NSCLC who are undergoing surgery to resect T3 to T4 lesions OR any patients with clinical NI or N2 disease regardless of T-stage Patients can be undergoing concurrent systemic therapy, such as temozolomide, at the discretion of their treating oncologist Patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy Patients undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy Recent use of photosensitizing agents such as fluoroquinolones and retinoids or patients undergoing phototherapy. Patients can be undergoing concurrent systemic therapy, such as temozolomide, at the discretion of their treating oncologist. Undergoing autologous breast reconstruction Undergoing delayed reconstruction Subject is undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy being performed by participating surgeon Patients undergoing haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants are not eligible; patients undergoing < 10/10 HLA allele matched allogeneic transplant are not eligible Patients undergoing any other experimental intervention for oral mucositis Part 1 patients must be undergoing repeat surgery that is clinically indicated as determined by their care providers Patients undergoing pre-treatment secondary cytoreduction will undergo therapy with bevacizumab on cycle #2 Patients undergoing breast conservation therapy (i.e. lumpectomy) must not have any contraindications to radiation therapy Patients undergoing current treatments for other cancers • Subject is undergoing an elective open cardiothoracic, abdominal, or orthopedic lower extremity surgery; Subject undergoing cardiothoracic surgery is not allergic to protamine; and • Subject is undergoing a laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, or robotic surgical procedure; Subject is undergoing a neurologic surgical procedure; Subject is undergoing a spinal surgical procedure; Patients who are undergoing concomitant radiotherapy are NOT eligible for participation Concurrent active malignancy under treatment except prostate or breast cancer undergoing treatment with hormonal therapy Willing and capable of undergoing apheresis for collection of mononuclear cells Undergoing laparoscopic or minimally invasive surgery Patients undergoing breast conservation therapy (i.e. lumpectomy) must not have any contraindications to radiation therapy Patients who are undergoing concomitant radiotherapy are NOT eligible for participation Same as above and patients undergoing single fraction spinal SBRT Patients with uncontrolled hypertension (i.e., persistent grade 3 while undergoing treatment) Undergoing concurrent neoadjuvant therapies for breast cancer Patients undergoing either a Type II or III radical hysterectomy (Piver Classification) Undergoing stapled anastomosis with the use of an experimental or non-FDA approved stapler. Patients undergoing preoperative or adjuvant chemotherapy Patients must have potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by VATS as determined by a multidisciplinary team review; this primary should not have undergone any neoadjuvant chemotherapy (chemo-) or radiation therapy; only those patients undergoing surgery by conventional VATS will be included; (robotic procedures will not be eligible for inclusion in this study) Currently undergoing treatment with photodynamic therapy, topical chemotherapy agents including imiquimod, fluorouracil, ingenol mebutate (picato) to the selected treatment lesion sites Active malignancy currently undergoing chemo or radiation therapy; hormone therapy is acceptable Undergoing unilateral or bilateral, two-stage, tissue expander-assisted breast reconstruction Patients must be undergoing repeat surgery that is clinically indicated as determined by their care providers Patients undergoing abrupt discontinuation of alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and antiepileptic drugs after chronic use Women who are morbidly obese (BMI >= 40) undergoing laparotomy for any indication Women undergoing panniculectomy at the time of laparotomy Patients undergoing RC and IC formation in an elective setting for non-metastatic cancer Undergoing treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or combined modalities Undergoing surgical procedures of expected length =< 6 hours requiring NMB Undergoing lumpectomy (partial mastectomy) procedure Are undergoing cancer treatment for another malignancy Esophageal carcinoma, undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis Eligible patients must not be currently undergoing standard cytotoxic chemotherapy Individuals who are actively undergoing standard cytotoxic chemotherapy Undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy Currently undergoing phase I complete decongestive therapy (CDT) Undergoing primary resection of esophageal cancer and resultant esophagectomy Patients undergoing reconstruction after mastectomy (either implant or tissue based) INCLUSION - STUDY 1: Cancer adult patients undergoing neurotoxic chemotherapy (agents including platinums, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, proteasome inhibitors and interferons) will be eligible to participate Patients undergoing penile prosthesis surgery Undergoing pancreatic resection Undergoing or initiating active surveillance Patients undergoing gynecologic surgery via midline vertical laparotomy at University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics (UWHC) Patients undergoing any resection requiring an anastomosis to the esophagus for palliative intent Participant is undergoing chemotherapy Patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy Bladder cancer, undergoing radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion Undergoing elective open radical cystectomy Undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy at any time during the study Undergoing an exploratory laparotomy for suspected gynecologic cancer, which includes metastatic disease from neoplasia originating in other organs Patients undergoing anterior abdominal wall hernia repairs Subjects with malignant dysphagia due to esophageal cancer or esophagogastric junction cancer who are undergoing upper endoscopic ultrasound or upper endoscopy for pre-treatment staging or symptom evaluation Patients with BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m^2 who are undergoing hormonal treatment of endometrial cancer Caregivers of patients undergoing HCT at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Caregivers of patients who are receiving hospice care will be excluded; caregivers who are themselves undergoing active cancer treatment will be excluded (hormonal treatment allowed) Additionally, at time of enrollment, participants must be post-treatment (with the exception of adjuvant therapy) for their primary cancer and not actively undergoing treatment for a secondary, metastatic, or recurrence of cancer (local or distant) Evaluation of Web-based Program: HNSCC patients who are currently undergoing or have recently completed radiation treatment (< 2 years) Patients who have seen an oncologist after undergoing first line treatment imaging The patient is undergoing Mohs surgery Adult caregivers (> 18 years) of patients undergoing HSCT at MGH who agreed to participate in study Patients undergoing concomitant colectomy PILOT PARTICIPANTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS ONLY: Undergoing chemotherapy Patients with gynecologic cancer who are undergoing vaginal brachytherapy as part of their treatment All women, undergoing surgery, via a midline laparotomy Undergoing chemotherapy or radiation Patients with airway stents undergoing bronchoscopy Patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent gynecologic cancer (ovarian, uterine, cervical, vaginal, vulvar) actively undergoing treatment (chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy) at COH (including Duarte and South Pasadena campuses) Peer mentors will be past gynecologic cancer patients not currently undergoing treatment for their cancer, and considered without evidence of disease Currently undergoing treatment for active gynecologic cancer Outpatients with MPE undergoing IPC placement Patients undergoing pleurodesis for benign disease (e.g., spontaneous pneumothorax) Undergoing definitive treatment with either radiation alone or in combination with systemic therapy undergoing a procedure other than laparotomy Undergoing active treatment or in remission and undergoing active surveillance Has active infectious disease undergoing systemic treatment excluding oral candidiasis Actively undergoing any chemotherapy treatment at Maroone Cancer Center Patients not actively undergoing chemotherapy at Maroone Cancer Center Patients are undergoing other cancer treatments Patients will be undergoing initial therapy for their disease or undergoing first salvage treatment, i.e. patients who fail therapy, or respond and relapse after initial therapy Undergoing a procedure other than laparotomy Any condition that would exclude women from undergoing regional anesthesia Patients undergoing immediate tissue expander reconstruction following mastectomy by any of the surgeon co-investigators are eligible for the study Patients undergoing skin-sparing mastectomy utilizing bioprosthetic mesh are eligible for the study May include patients undergoing ileostomy or colostomy reversal Patients who are undergoing colonoscopy for screening or surveillance purposes Participants will be undergoing surgical excision to remove the ADH. Patient must be asymptomatic for breast disease and undergoing routine screening Patients are undergoing clinically indicated EGD Patients are not undergoing clinically indicated EGD Women actively undergoing in-vitro fertilization or fertility treatments are excluded Undergoing salvage therapy Patients undergoing other interventions to prevent CLABSI (e.g. Children's Oncology Group [COG] ACCL1034 with chromogranin [CHG], antimicrobial lock therapy, etc.) are ineligible STUDY I: Smoked at least one cigarette per week prior to undergoing the CT scan Currently undergoing treatment with photodynamic therapy, topical chemotherapy agents including imiquimod, fluorouracil Patients must be undergoing surgery that is clinically indicated as determined by their care providers Women currently undergoing cancer treatment or with a known active cancer; history of malignancy is allowed as long as the patient has completed treatment > 3 months prior to enrollment Patients undergoing esophageal resection Not currently undergoing or planning to initiate chemotherapy Patients undergoing cervicography OR colposcopy OR visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) OR patients undergoing loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for the treatment of cervical cancer Patients undergoing a reduction mammoplasty OR Undergoing colposcopy for the diagnosis of cervical cancer and LEEP or cervical biopsy for the treatment of premalignant cervical dysplasia Patients with known or suspected pancreatic or ovarian carcinoma who will be undergoing clinically appropriate laparoscopic evaluation or treatment; patients will not undergo laparoscopy solely for the purpose of participation in this trial Undergoing diagnostic breast MRI ordered by the referring clinician for staging and extent of disease Participants must be undergoing a surgical procedure with the intention of removing more tissue than what would be taken for a biopsy Men undergoing a first-time prostate biopsy driven by PSA elevation to rule out cancer Anyone who would be normally excluded from undergoing an MRI examination as per Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases Screening Questionnaire CHILD: Pediatrics patients aged 2-17 years undergoing myelosuppressive therapies for acute leukemias and other childhood cancers Patients who would be normally excluded from undergoing an MRI examination as per Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Disease Screening Questionnaire for MRI Patients with unresectable HCC undergoing systemic therapy based on clinical indication or approved drug trial; and/or undergoing clinically indicated Y90 radioembolization Is experiencing photo-toxicity or photo-sensitivity or is undergoing treatment for a photo-sensitive condition such as porphyria or lupus erythematosus; Patients must be undergoing ovarian resection Subjects undergoing MRI evaluation of the brain Participants undergoing active treatment, or who have completed treatment, will have radiographic abnormalities that may or may not be recurrent tumor Patients not undergoing radioembolization to the liver Patients who have gynecologic malignancies involving the upper, middle and/or lower third of the vagina or are undergoing pelvic exenteration Contraindication for undergoing EUS/FNA procedure (such as unwilling or medically unstable patients, patients with severe coagulopathy, patients with poor visualization on EUS for various reasons, etc) Patients undergoing an upper endoscopy for BE surveillance with prior biopsy-confirmed BE with dysplasia (at least LGD). Subject must be a patient undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy and/or thoracoscopy at University of California Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC) No prior radiation therapy or systemic treatment is allowed for patients undergoing resection of stage I, II, or III colon cancer Undergoing salvage therapy Patients undergoing bilateral neck dissection Patients undergoing neck skin defect reconstruction concurrent NSAID treatments while undergoing treatment PATIENT: Undergoing treatment for cancer by one of the consented HCPs as per the HCP and/or EMR Radiation oncology patients undergoing shorter courses of radiation or undergoing palliative courses of radiation Men undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy in the OR under anesthesia