Eligibility criteria for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) standard risk patients from AALL0932 enrolling on this study at the end of Induction Patients of any age must have histologically or cytologically confirmed embryonal or alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patients must have histopathological confirmation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma prior to entering this study by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) prior to entering this study Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by the Laboratory of Pathology of National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed smoldering multiple myeloma confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) or the Department of Laboratory Medicine, clinical center (CC), as needed, and based on the International Myeloma Working Group Criteria Patients must have histologically confirmed malignancy confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), that is metastatic or unresectable locally advanced solid epithelial or mesenchymal tumors Confirmed histopathologic diagnosis by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic gastrointestinal epithelial cancer by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology. Confirmation of the diagnosis of metastatic cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology of NCI Histologically confirmed epithelial or biphasic pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma not amenable to potentially curative surgical resection; however, patients with biphasic tumors that have a more than or equal to 50% sarcomatoid component will be excluded; the diagnosis will be confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI) Confirmation of the diagnosis of metastatic cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology of National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patients must have histopathological confirmation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) by the laboratory of pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) prior to entering this study Confirmation of G12V mutated KRAS, NRAS or HRAS by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Confirmation of the diagnosis of cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology of the NCI Patients must have histopathological confirmation of biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) prior to entering this study OR histopathological confirmation of carcinoma in the setting of clinical and radiological characteristics which, together with the pathology, are highly suggestive of a diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma; the term BTC includes intra- or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer or ampullary cancer Patients must have histologically confirmed thymoma or thymic carcinoma by the pathology department/Center for Cancer Research (CCR)/National Cancer Institute (NCI) Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), including extracavitary variant, and KSHV-associated large cell lymphoma that is pathologically confirmed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology Patients must have histopathological confirmation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) prior to entering this study OR histopathological confirmation of carcinoma in the setting of clinical and radiological characteristics which, together with the pathology, are highly suggestive of a diagnosis of HCC (or biliary tract carcinoma); fibrolamellar variant is also allowed; the term BTC includes intra- or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer or ampullary cancer Histologically confirmed recurrent, advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as determined by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology Histologically confirmed epithelial or biphasic mesothelioma not amenable to potentially curative surgical resection; however, patients with biphasic tumors that have a >= 50% sarcomatoid component will be excluded; the diagnosis will be confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI) Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology at the Montefiore Medical Center Patients must have histologically confirmed Kaposi sarcoma (KS) confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by the Laboratory of Pathology of National Cancer Institute (NCI) Subjects with histologically confirmed SCLC, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and neuroendocrine cancers will be eligible; pathological confirmation of diagnosis will be done at National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology; patients with other histologies will be allowed if no standard treatment options exist Histological confirmation of SCLC or extrapulmonary small cell cancer, to be performed by the NCI Laboratory of Pathology Patients who meet any of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Working Group criteria to initiate treatment for CLL are NOT eligible for participation Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic cancer including melanoma by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Histologic confirmation of disease in the Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patients with histologically proven glioblastomas or gliosarcomas that express EGFRvIII as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology BMBx or bone marrow aspirate (BMA) consistent with HCL, confirmed by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, or the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, unless the diagnosis can be confirmed from a solid (lymph node) mass Aggressive CD20 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma confirmed by Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patients must have a tissue diagnosis of grade 1, 2 and/or 3 A/B LYG (or a diagnosis consistent with LYG) confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI); final histopathologic classification and pathologic grade will be determined by Stefania Pittaluga, M.D. or her designee Diagnosis confirmed by staff of the Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Histologic confirmation of disease in the Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Subject must be also enrolled on an National Cancer Institute (NCI) allogeneic transplant protocol Diagnosis must be confirmed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology Subjects must have histologically or cytologically confirmed previously treated unresectable mesothelin expressing advanced lung adenocarcinoma (stage IIIB or IV) as confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patients must have histologically confirmed localized high grade (G3) transitional cell carcinoma (urothelial carcinoma) of the bladder that is stage Ta, T1, and/or carcinoma in situ (CIS) confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) 90 days prior to study entry; this can be obtained at an outside hospital prior to entry into the study or at the NCI; however, all outside pathology specimens will require that the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues be re-read by the Laboratory of Pathology, NCI; for patients enrolled at collaborating trial sites, diagnosis must be confirmed by the Department of Pathology at the institution where the patient is enrolled on the trial; pathology can also be reviewed by the Laboratory of Pathology at the NCI if the participating trial site prefers another pathologic evaluation Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic ocular melanoma by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Diagnosis of acute or lymphomatous ATL by flow cytometry of blood or immunohistochemistry of biopsy tissue, confirmed by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology, and previously treated unless the patient is ineligible for or refuses other protocols or treatments for ATL Patients with hematologic malignancies, myelodysplasia, or myeloproliferative disorders; the diagnosis must be histologically confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) or Hackensack (there will be no central pathology review) Histologically or cytologically confirmed GIST by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patients must have histopathological confirmation of HCC or (Cohort E only) biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) prior to entering this study or histopathological confirmation of carcinoma in the setting of clinical and radiological characteristics which, together with the pathology, are highly suggestive of a diagnosis of HCC (or biliary tract carcinoma in Cohort E); fibrolamellar variant is also allowed; for cohort E, the term BTC includes intra- or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer or ampullary cancer, as long as there is an intrahepatic component amenable to RFA Histopathological confirmation of prostate cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Pathology Department of the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center or Yale is required prior to entering this study; patients whose pathology specimens are no longer available may be enrolled if the patient has a clinical course that is consistent with prostate cancer and available documentation from an outside pathology laboratory of the diagnosis; all efforts should be made to have the material forwarded to the research team for use in correlative studies in cases where original tissue blocks or archival biopsy material is available Histological confirmation of thymoma (Group 1 only) or thymic carcinoma by the pathology department/Center for Cancer Research (CCR)/National Cancer Institute (NCI) or the pathology department of participating institutions Confirmed pathological diagnosis by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma (confirmed at National Cancer Institute [NCI]); all variants are eligible Histopathologic diagnosis of ovarian cancer (including primary peritoneal and fallopian tube cancers) must be confirmed in the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Diagnosis of localized or metastatic unresectable MTC; the histological diagnosis of MTC must be confirmed on review of submitted tumor tissue by the Laboratory of Pathology in the National Cancer Institute MESOTHELIOMA COHORTS (COHORTS 1 AND 2 ONLY): Subjects must have histologically confirmed epithelial or biphasic mesothelioma not amenable to potentially curative surgical resection; however, patients with biphasic tumors that have a >= 50% sarcomatoid component will be excluded; the diagnosis will be confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology/Center for Cancer Research (CCR)/National Cancer Institute (NCI) SCREENING: Patients must be willing to sign an informed consent and undergo resection of their malignancies at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), to ensure vaccine development Patients must have histopathological confirmation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) prior to entering this study Histopathological confirmation of prostate cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) or Walter Reed National Military Medical Center prior to entering this study; patients enrolled at participating sites may have histopathological confirmation at the enrolling center prior to entering the study; patients whose pathology specimens are no longer available may be enrolled if the patient has a clinical course that is consistent with prostate cancer and available documentation from an outside pathology laboratory of the diagnosis; all efforts should be made to have the material forwarded to the research team for use in correlative studies in cases where original tissue blocks or archival biopsy material is available Patients must have histopathological confirmation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) prior to entering this study OR Pathologic confirmation of cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Diagnosis of metastatic malignant melanoma or metastatic renal cell cancer confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Confirmation of diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by the Laboratory of Pathology of National Cancer Institute (NCI) Confirmation of diagnosis of thyroid cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patients who are considered to be moderately or severely anemic as per the National Cancer Institute (NCI) classification will not be included in the study, i.e. patients with hemoglobin level less than 8 g/dl Patient of one of the participating National Cancer Institute comprehensive cancer centers Enrollment in National Cancer Institute (NCI) protocol #: WF 98213; patients must receive fast MRI and 3D ECHO along with baseline (98213) MRI prior to first chemotherapy treatment Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) or Pathology Department at Walter Reed Bethesda Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer; the outside pathology report is acceptable for study entry; every effort will be made to acquire the outside pathology slides to be confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Enrolled in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) phase II clinical protocol evaluating FdCyd with THU (National Cancer Institute [NCI] protocol # 09-C-0214 [Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP)# 8351]) or NCI protocol #12-C-0066 (CTEP# 9127) with target lesion measured as >= 10 mm with spiral CT scan Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) or Pathology Department at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) or, if slides are not available, pathologist’s report showing a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer and a clinical course consistent with the disease Patients must have histologically confirmed glioblastoma/gliosarcoma confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) or Pathology Department of the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center