Subjects who are at significant risk for general anesthesia Major surgery requiring general anesthesia within 14 days before the first dose of any study drug or a scheduled surgery during study period; (placement of a central line or port-a-catheter is acceptable within this time frame and does not exclude the patient) Must be capable of treatment without general anesthesia Treatment with major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) within one month prior to study entry Stable from a cardiopulmonary standpoint to continue with prolonged surgery and anesthesia Patients who have not recovered from the side effects of any major surgery (defined as requiring general anesthesia but excluding a procedure for insertion of central venous access) Unacceptable anesthesia risk History or evidence of clinically significant pulmonary disease that precludes the use of general anesthesia. Has not fully recovered from any effects of major surgery, and is free of significant detectable infection. Surgeries that required general anesthesia must be completed >2 weeks before first study drug administration. Surgery requiring regional/epidural anesthesia must be completed >72 hours before first study drug administration and participants should be recovered. Major surgery (eg, requiring general anesthesia) within 3 weeks before screening, or has not fully recovered from prior surgery (ie, unhealed wound); Note: subjects with planned surgical procedures to be conducted under local anesthesia may participate Patients must be a surgical candidate (e.g. their disease must be considered resectable before any treatment and must have no serious medical contraindications that definitively preclude undergoing general anesthesia) Prior surgery that required general anesthesia must be completed at least 4 weeks before study drug administration; surgery requiring local/epidural anesthesia must be completed at least 72 hours before study drug administration Major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) within 30 days prior to initiation of therapy Unable to undergo general, spinal or local anesthesia Major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) within 3 months prior to dosing. If surgically debulked, must be healed from surgery and at least 3 weeks have elapsed since general anesthesia Medical conditions that preclude the use of general anesthesia; Had hospitalization for infection or major surgery (e.g., requiring general anesthesia) within 2 weeks before enrollment or have not fully recovered from surgery; Note: subjects with surgical procedures conducted under local anesthesia may participate Patients will be evaluated by the anesthesia team prior to surgery. Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for PET scanning due to claustrophobia Prior surgery that required general anesthesia must be completed at least 4 weeks before study drug administration; surgery requiring local/epidural anesthesia must be completed at least 72 hours before study drug administration If surgically debulked, must be healed from surgery and at least 3 weeks have elapsed since general anesthesia Monitored anesthesia care (i.e., regional anesthesia alone without plans for general anesthesia) Unable to tolerate general anesthesia Major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) within 3 months or minor surgery (excluding biopsies conducted with local/topical anesthesia) or gamma knife treatment within 14 days (with adequate healing) of administration of any study drug. Major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) within 2 weeks prior to initiation of therapy Spinal anesthesia Pregnant or lactating subjects. * Note: Major surgery defined as requiring a general anesthesia or respiratory assistance; involving openings into the great cavities of the body, organs removed, or normal anatomy altered; implying risks of severe hemorrhage; implying risk for life of the patient or severe disability. Within 28 days before first dose of avelumab: anti-cancer treatment, major surgery requiring general anesthesia, or the use of any investigational agent Patients with contraindications to general anesthesia, as determined by the treating physician or surgeon Contraindications to general anesthesia Subject is a surgical candidate, i.e., is able to undergo general anesthesia and surgical resection for diagnosis of cancer DONOR: Factors that place the donor at increased risk of general anesthesia and bone marrow harvest, such as congenital or acquired bleeding disorders, intolerance or allergy to anesthesia, prior serious surgical complications, or uncontrolled cardiac or pulmonary disorders Patient must be cleared for surgery and low/moderate risk for perioperative complications related to general anesthesia Contraindication to general anesthesia Systemic diseases associated with unacceptable anesthesia or operative risk Patients must be stable from cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic standpoints to continue with prolonged surgery and anesthesia HAPLOIDENTICAL RELATED DONOR: Haploidentical donors will undergo marrow harvest with general anesthesia; subjects will undergo anesthesia consultation prior to enrollment; cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ fraction will be determined Unacceptable anesthesia risk The presence of medical conditions contraindicating general anesthesia or transoral surgical approaches; this is not an exclusion criterion for the non-surgical arm History or evidence of clinically significant pulmonary disease that precludes the use of general anesthesia. MATCHED RELATED DONOR: Matched related donors that will undergo marrow harvest with general anesthesia; subjects will undergo anesthesia consultation, and meet criteria for eligibility/enrollment; CD34+ fraction will be determined HAPLOIDENTICAL RELATED DONOR: Haploidentical donors that will undergo marrow harvest with general anesthesia; subjects will undergo anesthesia consultation, and meet criteria for eligibility/enrollment; cluster of differentiation 34 positive (CD34+) fraction will be determined Subjects at significant risk for general anesthesia Major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) within 3 months prior to dosing. Major surgery (eg., requiring general anesthesia) within 3 weeks before screening, or will not have fully recovered from surgery, or has surgery planned during the time the subject is expected to participate in the study Subjects must have completed chemotherapy, targeted therapy, investigational therapy, other immunotherapy, prior radiotherapy, or major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) at least 28 days before administration of the first dose of study drug(s). Subjects undergoing minor surgical procedures and biopsies that do not require general anesthesia may begin receiving study therapy if sufficiently recovered as determined by the treating investigator. Clinically significant toxicity experienced during any prior therapy must be resolved or stabilized before the first dose of study drug(s). Major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) within 14 days before the first dose of study\r\ndrug or a scheduled surgery during study period Subjects at significant risk with general anesthesia Unfit for minimal sedation anesthesia Prior surgery that required general anesthesia must be completed at least 4 weeks before study drug administration; surgery requiring local/epidural anesthesia must be completed at least 72 hours before study drug administration and subjects should be recovered Prior surgery that required general anesthesia must be completed at least 2 weeks before study drug administration\r\n* Surgery requiring local/epidural anesthesia must be completed at least 72 hours before study drug administration and subjects should be recovered Active, uncontrolled impairment of the urogenital, renal, hepatobiliary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurologic or hematopoietic systems which, in the opinion of the Investigator, would predispose the subject to the development of complications from the administration of intravesical therapy and/or general anesthesia. Eligible for general anesthesia (ASA category ? 3) Prior surgery that required general anesthesia must be completed at least 4 weeks before study drug administration; surgery requiring local/epidural anesthesia must be completed at least 72 hours before study drug administration and subjects should be recovered Unable to tolerate general anesthesia and prone position Had a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia or inpatient hospitalization for recovery less than 4 weeks prior to beginning protocol therapy. Any surgery, where general anesthesia was administered, must have occurred at least 7 days prior to study enrollment Patient eligible for epidural anesthesia, and general anesthesia (in case of complication, requiring intervention). Any spinal pathology which can prevent safe administration of epidural anesthesia Pre-anesthetic medical evaluation and clearance for anesthesia Systemic diseases associated with unacceptable anesthesia or operative risk Major surgery (includes surgery that carries significant risk of blood loss, extended periods of general anesthesia, or requires at least an overnight hospital admission) within 28 days before starting treatment Patients must have a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) >= 80% and be considered candidates for general anesthesia, hepatic resection and hepatic artery pump placement Patients requiring general anesthesia for fiducial placement GENERAL MEDICAL EXCLUSIONS: Major surgery (e.g., requiring general anesthesia) within 3 weeks before screening, or has not fully recovered from prior surgery (i.e., unhealed wound), or surgery planned during the time the patient is expected to participate in the study. Note: patients with planned surgical procedures to be conducted under local anesthesia may participate. Contraindications to general anesthesia Has had major surgery requiring general anesthesia and/or mechanical ventilation within the 28 days prior to randomization Has had within the 4 weeks prior to initiation of study drug, or is expected to have during the study period, surgery requiring general anesthesia. Patients must have adequate cardiac and pulmonary function and otherwise be expected to tolerate general anesthesia Patients at significant increased risk for general anesthesia are not eligible Has had surgery requiring general anesthesia within 4 weeks of starting the study. Prior surgery that required general anesthesia must be completed at least 4 weeks before study drug administration. Surgery requiring local/epidural anesthesia must be completed at least 72 hours before study drug administration. Patient is cleared to undergo paralytic anesthesia General and Demographics Any major surgery (e.g. requiring general anesthesia). Has had surgery requiring general anesthesia within 4 weeks of starting the study Does the subject have a coagulation profile that would allow for the safe performance of surgery under general anesthesia? GENERAL CRITERIA Contraindications to general anesthesia Have had a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia or inpatient hospitalization for recovery less than 4 weeks prior to beginning protocol therapy. Contraindications to general anesthesia Karnofsky performance status (KPS) >= 60% and be considered candidates for general anesthesia, abdominal exploration and hepatic artery pump placement History or evidence of clinically significant pulmonary disease that precludes the use of general anesthesia Patients who have been hospitalized for infection or major surgery (e.g., requiring general anesthesia) within 2 weeks before registration or have not fully recovered from surgery are not eligible; Note: Subjects with surgical procedures conducted under local anesthesia may participate Have anesthesia surgical assignment category IV or greater, Major open abdominal/thoracic surgery in the previous 30 days under general anesthesia Is known or suspected to have an allergy to opioids, muscle relaxants or other medications used during general anesthesia Scheduled for an elective surgery requiring general anesthesia GENERAL MEDICAL EXCLUSIONS Major open abdominal/thoracic surgery in the previous 30 days under general anesthesia, except for TIVA (total intravenous anesthesia) Willing to not undergo any elective surgical procedure with general anesthesia or conscious sedation through the 1 month post-vaccination visit Willing to not undergo any other elective surgery procedure with general anesthesia or conscious sedation during the treatment period Participants must have no medical contraindications for flexible laryngoscopy using topical anesthesia, and in the setting of a contraindication to topical anesthesia, general anesthesia may not be used as a substitute General anesthesia, if indicated, is acceptable in patients whose lesions would require general anesthesia for laryngoscopy and biopsy according to routine standard of care Patient should be eligible for both spinal/epidural anesthesia (planned procedure), and general anesthesia (in case of complication, requiring intervention). Patients should be capable of achieving imaging without the need for sedation or anesthesia Patients with a contraindication to sedation or general anesthesia Patients with a contraindication to sedation or general anesthesia Pulmonary disease precluding monitored anesthesia care or general anesthesia Need for sedation or anesthesia Patients with excessively high anesthesia risks who cannot tolerate the extra time under general anesthesia needed to perform this study; the surgeon and anesthesiologist will determine this pre-operatively Patient would require anesthesia for the study Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for PET scanning Patients with contraindication/s for general anesthesia (e.g., severe and active coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] with forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] < 1 liter, uncontrolled hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, history of intolerance to general anesthesia) Contraindication to general anesthesia Requiring intubation for anesthesia Patients who are unable to tolerate general anesthesia Patients who are felt to be a “difficult airway” for induction of general endotracheal anesthesia Patients requiring anesthesia Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for PET scanning Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for MRI scanning Able to undergo MRI without general anesthesia Patients needing general anesthesia for MRI GENERAL POPULATION: Patients who require general anesthesia for MIBG imaging studies Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for PET scanning or MRI imaging Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for PET scanning Patients who require sedation with general anesthesia for imaging studies are not eligible for the study Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for PET scanning Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for MRI scanning Requirement for sedation or anesthesia of any kind in order to undergo MRI scanning Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for PET scanning Patient would require anesthesia for the study Subjects who require monitored anesthesia for MRI scanning Adult patients who require monitored anesthesia for PET scanning General anesthesia within one year