Prior treatment for prostate cancer including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] and patients with rising PSA after RP), pelvic lymph node dissection, radiation therapy unless the patient is eligible for cohort B2 Prior transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) No prior treatment for prostate cancer including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), cryoablation, pelvic lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. No prior total prostatectomy or cryotherapy of the prostate\r\n* Prior transurethral resection or laser ablation is permitted =< 3 months from a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure Patients should not have undergone previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) within 1 year No prior transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) Any concurrent active malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancers or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix; patients with previous malignancies but without evidence of disease for > 3 years will be allowed to enter the trial; patients with a history of a T1a or b prostate cancer (detected incidentally at transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] and comprising less than 5% of resected tissue) may participate if the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remained within normal limits since TURP removal Prior radical prostate surgery, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), or prostate cryotherapy Prior transurethral resection of the prostate or prior transurethral microwave thermotherapy of the prostate Prior treatment for prostate cancer; this includes any prior surgery (including transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), chemotherapy, radiation, or anti-androgen therapy Participants must have tumors with anticipated transurethral resection time =< 1 hour Patients with tumors with anticipated transurethral resection time greater than 1 hour Prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Received prior treatment for prostatic adenocarcinoma including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), radiation therapy, or chemotherapy Patient that had TURP procedure before Prior RT, including brachytherapy, to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of RT fields\r\n* Any patient undergoing brachytherapy must have transrectal ultrasound confirmation of prostate volume < 60 cc, American Urological Association (AUA) score =< 15 within 60 days of registration, and no history of prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); prior TURP is permitted for patients who receive EBRT only Has contraindications to cryotherapy of the prostate, including: previous transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) with persistent transurethral resection (TUR) defect, existing peri-anal or recto-urethral fistula, previous external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy, coagulopathy, inability to tolerate anesthesia (spinal or general), inability to tolerate transrectal ultrasound (i.e. history of previous abdominal perineal resection) Subjects who have undergone previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or cryotherapy to the prostate Prior prostate surgery (including transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]) Prior transurethral resection of the prostate with a large tissue defect (at the discretion of the investigator) Prior treatment for prostate cancer, including history of chemotherapy, hormonal therapy within 30 days of enrollment or surgery for prostate cancer (except for prior transurethral prostatic resection [TURP] or greenlight photoselective vaporization of the prostate [PVP] which would be allowed) a debulking transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is not acceptable once the screening biopsy for patient selection has been conducted; Histologic documentation of prostatic adenocarcinoma; patients with small cell, neuroendocrine, or transitional cell carcinomas are not eligible; all eligible patients must have a known Gleason sum based on biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) at the time of registration Prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure Scheduled for prostate surgery, i.e. transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or prostatectomy Prior history of transurethral resection of the prostate Participants who are clearly disease-free after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) No prior treatment for prostate cancer including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), cryoablation, pelvic lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy or chemotherapy Have had prior transurethral prostatectomy (TURP), or urethral stent, Subjects who have had any surgical procedure (i.e. transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP], etc.) within 4 weeks prior to entering the study Patients with prior transurethral resection and other prostate procedures are eligible with the exception of the procedures indicated in the exclusion criteria History of prior surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (e.g. transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] or tissue ablation) Subjects who have previously had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or cryotherapy; Cryosurgery, surgery for prostate cancer, prostatic or pelvic radiotherapy prior to study enrollment; no limit on number of prior prostate biopsies; prior transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) is not allowed No prior surgery to the prostate, other than transurethral procedures for benign prostatic hyperplasia (e.g., transurethral resection, green light laser treatment) Previous prostate surgery for prostate carcinoma (including, transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] and cryosurgery), local or systemic treatment for prostate carcinoma (e.g. radiation, androgen deprivation), pelvic radiation (e.g. rectal cancer), rectal surgery, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for bladder cancer Patients who had any surgery of the prostate including TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) Prior transurethral resection of prostate History of TURP (transurethral resection of prostate) or other similar procedures (transurethral microwave thermotherapy [TUMT], transurethral needle ablation [TUNA])