Patients must not have received any prior radiation to the bladder for bladder cancer Prior bladder-directed radiotherapy. Participant has a history of bladder cancer (including in situ bladder cancer) Diagnosis of superficial bladder cancer Evidence of bladder perforation during diagnostic cystoscopy. Prior therapeutic radiation to the bladder Superficial bladder tumors (Ta, Tis, T1) OR Patient with a history of previous bladder cancer: Patient has a tumor in the bladder diverticulum Patient must undergo TraceIT hydrogel placement within 8 weeks prior to starting radiation therapy for bladder cancer Treatment for metastatic bladder cancer Has a tumor in a bladder diverticulum Not have a prior history of non-bladder cancer unless the cancer is clinically stable History of bladder cancer superficial bladder cancer; Evidence of > 7 tumors present in the bladder Have suspected or known invasive (>= T1) bladder cancer Have non-invasive (< T1) bladder cancer History of, or active bladder cancer BLADDER: Histological documentation of urothelial cancer either on outside transurethral bladder biopsy or on initial transurethral bladder biopsy at MD Anderson under PA13-0291 Non-invasive, superficial bladder cancer. Secondary Treatment (eg, adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for bladder cancer) following surgical removal of bladder cancer Patients must have an adequately functioning bladder after thorough evaluation by a urologist and have undergone as thorough a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor as is judged safely possible Mental status changes or bladder control problems that make the patient unable to comply with bladder-filling instructions Current systemic therapy for bladder cancer Bladder Cancer Prior radiation therapy to the bladder Severe neurogenic bladder Untreated bladder stones Previous systemic chemotherapy or radiation for bladder cancer. Note: Prior immunotherapy or intravesical (administered within the bladder) chemotherapy for superficial disease is acceptable Histologically or cytologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma of the bladder or mixed histology bladder cancer Non-invasive, superficial bladder cancer. Bladder cancer Prior radiation therapy to the bladder Patient has a tumor in a bladder diverticulum. Prior radiation therapy to the bladder Patients with hydronephrosis secondary to bladder cancer functional bladder problems defined as IPSS > 19; current bladder cancer, urethral stricture, or bladder neck contracture; a cystoscopy my be performed at the investigator's discretion to rule out these conditions; Bladder capacity of less than 200 ml Prior radiation therapy to the bladder Part B: Have a diagnosis of bladder cancer. Non-invasive, superficial bladder cancer. Controlled, superficial bladder carcinoma Presence of a single bladder tumor lesion Have a history of bladder neck contracture, Diagnosis of bladder cancer History of diagnosis of neurogenic bladder. Grade G1 - G3 bladder cancer Currently being treated or scheduled to have radiation treatment for bladder cancer during the study Currently being treated with or having been treated in the last 12 months with any investigational drug for high risk superficial bladder cancer Scheduled to have surgery for bladder cancer during the study Bladder cancer Clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer Patient with known bladder cancer Bladder cancer (current or prior) Superficial bladder tumors (Ta, Tis, T1) OR Patients who have bladder tumors of stage >= T3; or Patients who have had cystectomies for bladder cancer; or Have a history of invasive (>= T1) bladder cancer Bladder cancer (current or prior)