Must have transfusion-dependent anemia that meets the following criteria: Hemoglobin >= 8.5 g/dl (recommended cutoff subject to judgment of medical oncologist), but cannot be transfusion dependent The patient is oxygen-dependent. Advanced primary with impeding occlusion, perforation or bleeding, dependent on transfusion Patients should not have transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorders No hematologic parameters for inclusion; transfusion-dependent patients are eligible and platelet counts should be maintained greater than 10,000/mm^3 throughout cycles 1 and 2 Aplastic anemia with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1,000 and transfusion dependent after failed immunosuppression therapy Patients with transfusion-dependent anemia. Platelets >= 100 x 10^9/L (transfusion dependent) Transfusion dependent anemia with transfusion dependency of ?3 months Transfusion dependent alpha- or beta-thalassemia No specific hematologic parameters for study entry are required; transfusion-dependent patients are eligible and platelet counts should be maintained greater than 10,000/mm^3 Subject received HMA for at least 6 cycles and was still transfusion dependent (as defined in 5b below). Presence of transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia Presence of transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia Condition (such as transfusion dependent anemia or thrombocytopenia), therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the study results, or interfere with the patient's participation for the full duration of the study treatment. The patient is oxygen-dependent. Subject is pacemaker dependent Presence of transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia The patient is oxygen-dependent. Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dl (can be transfusion dependent) Patients with transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia are not eligible Patient who is growth factor or transfusion dependent Presence of transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia Patients who are platelet or red blood cell transfusion-dependent are eligible Transfusion dependent at baseline, defined as ? 4 U red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the 8 weeks prior to first dose of MMB Presence of transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia The patient is oxygen-dependent. Patient is pacemaker dependent Aplastic anemia with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1000 and transfusion dependent after they failed immunosuppression therapy Hemoglobin > 8 g/dl (may be transfusion dependent) Patients who are oxygen dependent No specific hematologic parameters for study entry are required; transfusion-dependent patients are eligible and platelet counts should be maintained greater than 10,000/mm^3 Chronic transfusion-dependent anemia with exposure to at least 5 RBCT Oxygen dependent Subject is using or is dependent on substances of abuse For IPSS intermediate-1 or low-risk MDS, participants must be transfusion dependent for red blood cells or platelets (as determined by instructional practices or local standard of care). Participants who are red blood cell transfusion dependent must also have failed erythropoiesis stimulating agents (primary resistance or relapse after a response) or have serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels > 500 U/L. History of gynecologic malignancy that is estrogen dependent