Stage T3 or T4a, histologically-confirmed NPNSCC requiring orbital or skull base resection:\r\n* Stages T3 and T4a disease will be included regardless of nodal status (N0 or N1-3), provided that surgical therapy would require orbital or skull base resection\r\n* The surgical oncologist in each institution will determine the need for resection of the orbit OR base of skull at baseline for patients on both Arms A and B and following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for patients on Arm B\r\n** Resection of skull base will be deemed necessary according to skull base bone erosion by CT or marrow involvement by MRI is noted; for any disease abutting the skull base\r\n** Resection of orbital contents will be deemed necessary according to skull base society guidelines, based on involvement of periorbital fat documented by MRI imagingXx_NEWLINE_xXHave core biopsy or other minor surgical procedures within 7 days prior to the first dose of bevacizumabXx_NEWLINE_xXUnsuitable for resection or transplant or radiofrequency ablation (RFA)Xx_NEWLINE_xXBased on the pre-operative evaluation by neurosurgeon, the subject is a candidate for ? 80% resection of enhancing regionXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically-confirmed angiosarcoma that is not amenable to curative intent surgery (e.g., metastatic or bulky disease and disease for which surgical resection would carry an unacceptable risk to the patient). Pathology report will be reviewed by sponsor prior to randomization.Xx_NEWLINE_xXGastrointestinal perforation or fistula in the 6 months prior to randomization unless underlying risk has been resolved (e.g., through surgical resection or repair)Xx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnosis: \r\n* Part A: Patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, including lymphoma and CNS tumors, are eligible; patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse except in patients with intrinsic brain stem tumors, optic pathway gliomas, or patients with pineal tumors and elevations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum tumor markers including alpha-fetoprotein or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)\r\n* Part B: Patients with recurrent or refractory high grade glioma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade III/IV) including disseminated tumors (excluding diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma [DIPG]), not requiring surgical resection; patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse\r\n* Part C: Patients with recurrent or refractory high grade glioma (WHO grade III/IV) and requiring surgical resection (excluding DIPG and disseminated tumors), who in the opinion of treating physicians, are medically stable to receive 3-4 doses of selinexor (8-10 days of treatment) before undergoing surgery without compromising the success of the procedure; note that if, in the opinion of treating physicians, current symptoms necessitate surgery before 3-4 doses will be able to be received, surgery should not be delayed to administer selinexor, and the patient would be ineligible for protocol therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXFor this patient, the standard treatment recommendation in the absence of a clinical trial would be combined modality, neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by curative intent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for sphincter-sparing surgical resection prior to initiation of neoadjuvant therapy according to the primary surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone complete surgical resection of their stage IB (>= 4 cm), II or IIIA NSCLC according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition and have had negative surgical marginsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with complete surgical resection of disease are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must fit into one of the following three categories:\r\n* Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pathologic stage at surgical resection is >= pT2 and/or N+ OR\r\n* Patients who are not cisplatin-eligible (according to >= 1 of the following criteria: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance status of 2, creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min, grade >= 2 hearing loss, grade >= 2 neuropathy, or New York Heart Association class III heart failure and pathologic stage at surgical resection is >= pT3 or pN+) OR\r\n* Patients that decline adjuvant cisplatin-based or other systemic chemotherapy based on an informed discussion with the physician and pathologic stage at surgical resection is >= pT3 or pN+Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have had radical surgical resection of their bladder cancer >= 4 weeks but =< 16 weeks prior to pre-registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrimary surgical debulking before protocol therapy is permissible; this would include removal of gross symptomatic disease in the pelvis and/or vagina\r\n* Exenterative surgery is not permissible; patients with complete resection of gross recurrent disease are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone complete surgical resection of the recurrent tumor and have no evidence of residual disease evaluable clinically and by CT or MRI imaging, following resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXNo immediate need for surgical intervention for the primary tumor or palliative diversion/bypassXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior treatment other than surgical intervention and corticosteroids; patients are allowed to have had more than one attempt at resection prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNewly diagnosed and =< 3 months from surgical diagnosis; patients are also eligible if they have had a prior surgical procedure > 3 months earlier for low grade glioma, as long as the patient has not received prior radiation or prior chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with codeleted low grade gliomas must also be considered “high risk” by exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics:\r\n* Age >= 40 and any surgical therapy\r\n* Age < 40 with prior and subtotal resection or biopsy (i.e., anything less than gross total resection)\r\n* Documented growth following prior surgery (NOTE: patients with prior surgery cannot have received prior radiation, chemotherapy or targeted therapy)\r\n* Intractable seizuresXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy other than surgical intervention and corticosteroidsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with T2 or T3 primary tumors (N0-3, M0) not amenable to surgical resection by standard radical vulvectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection with curative intent within 8 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXAll known disease amenable to metastasis-directed therapy with either SBRT or resection\r\n* NOTE: Symptomatic bone metastasis are allowed if ablative therapy can be delivered\r\n* NOTE: Sites for possible surgical excision include lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, small intestine, large intestine, ovary, and amenable nodal disease sites\r\n* NOTE: Surgical stabilization is allowed for a metastasis if it is followed by conventionally fractionated external beam radiotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have undergone extended surgical staging including mediastinoscopy or endobronchial ultrasound; at minimum, samples must be obtained from the mediastinal stations 4R, 7 (subcarinal), and 4L; this surgical staging must be performed within 42 days prior to step 1 registration; patient must be T1-3 and N0-N2 (single station)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have consultation with a surgeon within 21 days prior to step 1 registration; the surgeon must confirm that the patient’s disease is resectable by pleurectomy decortication (P/D) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and that the patient is an appropriate candidate for the surgical proceduresXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have sufficient resolution of any surgical side effects (no active wound healing complications). -Patients must either be initiating or have already started adjuvant hormonal treatment. -Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have had surgical resection of the hepatic malignancy prior to enrollment; all other anti-cancer therapy for the current liver lesion is prohibitedXx_NEWLINE_xXUnresolved post-surgical complications (eg, significant infection) with healing difficultiesXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with biopsy proven locoregional recurrence or second primary SCCHN which is unresectable or the patient is unwilling to undergo resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXStatus post gross total resection with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologically confirmed well-differentiated islet cell carcinoma (PNET) not amenable to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had any surgical procedure, excluding central venous catheter placement or other minor procedures (e.g. skin biopsy) within 14 days of day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXNot scheduled to start radiation within 42 days of surgical resection of tumor;Xx_NEWLINE_xXProgressive disease in the setting of medical or surgical castration (i.e., CRPC)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust have undergone bilateral orchiectomy (surgical castration) or be willing to continue gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog or antagonist (medical castration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXEvaluation by an attending thoracic surgeon to confirm eligibility for an R0 resection with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXAdequate pulmonary and cardiac function to undergo surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSURGICAL STUDY (STRATUM 2): Patients for whom surgical intervention is clinically indicated (gross total resection or sub-total resection) at recurrence and are amenable to receiving ribociclib for 7 – 10 days prior to resection\r\n* Note: patients with DIPG are excluded from the surgical studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are otherwise deemed clinically unsuitable for surgical resection (applicable for surgical study only)Xx_NEWLINE_xXTumor is deemed to be resectable with negative margins by conventional surgical standardsXx_NEWLINE_xXMust have completed definitive treatment that included surgical removal of the clinically detected MCC metastases (with/without adjuvant radiation therapy as determined by the treating investigator)Xx_NEWLINE_xXParticipant has a history of >= grade 3 AST, ALT, or bilirubin increase or has extensive liver resection (i.e., left lobe resection).Xx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgery within 4 weeks of study entry; minor surgical procedures (e.g., port insertion) are not excluded, but sufficient time should have passed for wound healing (as determined by the treating investigator)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrimary surgical treatment is lumpectomy + SLNB or ALND --or-- mastectomy + ALNDXx_NEWLINE_xXAbsence of resectable disease after transurethral resection (TURBT) procedures (residual carcinoma in situ (CIS) acceptable; patients with T1 tumors must undergo repeat resection and biopsy [inclusive of muscularis propria] if initial biopsy did not include muscularis propria). Patients with high-grade Ta and/or T1 disease should have complete resection before study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPlanning to receive other medical, surgical, or radiological cancer treatments during the course of this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXCutaneous, subcutaneous soft tissue, or superficial lymphatic metastasis not suitable for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXInsufficient recovery from surgical-related trauma or wound healingXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have progressed after prior high dose chemotherapy (HDCT) treatment, been deemed not to be a candidate for high dose chemotherapy or refused high-dose chemotherapy, and be considered incurable by other standard therapies including further chemotherapy or surgery; there is no maximum allowable number of previous therapies\r\n* “Failure” of prior therapy is defined as:\r\n** A > 25% increase in the products of perpendicular diameters of measurable tumor masses during prior therapy which are not amenable to surgical resection\r\n** The presence of new tumors which are not amenable to surgical resection\r\n** An increase in AFP or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (two separate determinations at least one week apart are required if rising tumor markers are the only evidence of failure)\r\n* NOTE: patients with clinically growing “teratoma” (normal declining tumor markers and radiographic or clinical progression) should be considered for surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants who underwent minor surgical procedure within 7 days prior to initiating therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHave serious preexisting medical conditions that, in the judgment of the investigator, would preclude participation in this study (for example, history of major surgical resection involving the stomach or small bowel).Xx_NEWLINE_xXSub-optimal resection as their surgical outcomeXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with locally advanced BCC of the head and neck, consisting of at least one histologically or cytologically confirmed lesion >= 20 mm in longest diameter that is considered to be inoperable or to have a medical contraindication to surgery, in the opinion of a Mohs dermatologic surgeon, head and neck surgeon, or plastic surgeon; locally advanced disease is considered to include involved lymph nodes of the neck; a patient with regionally involved lymph nodes in the neck is considered eligible; the patient should be considered a candidate for radiotherapy and should not have medical contraindications to receipt of radiation therapy\r\n* If a patient has distant metastatic spread of BCC (e.g., spread to distant areas outside the regional lymph nodes, clearly non contiguous areas of bone involvement, or distant metastasis to lung, brain, or other visceral organs), the patient should be considered as having distant metastasis and is not eligible\r\n* Note: all lesions that the investigator proposes to follow as target lesions during the course of the study must have previously been histologically confirmed as BCC\r\n* Acceptable contraindications to surgery include: \r\n** BCC that has recurred in the same location after two or more surgical procedures and successful curative resection is deemed unlikely \r\n** Complete surgical resection is not possible or is deemed excessively morbid (e.g. invasion into cranial nerves or skull base, proximity to brain, spinal canal, or orbit) \r\n** Anticipated substantial morbidity and/or major deformity from surgery (e.g. removal of a major facial structure, such as nose, ear, eyelid, eye, or jaw; or requirement for upper limb amputation) \r\n** Medical contraindication to surgery \r\n** Patient refusal of surgery due to anticipated morbidity \r\n** Other conditions considered to be contraindicating must be discussed with data coordinator before enrolling the patientXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had prior surgical intervention for lymphoma, unless performed for the sake of tissue diagnosis or on an urgent basis for disease-related threat to life, limb, or organ function, are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients must be evaluated by a medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and thoracic surgeon within 4 weeks of enrollment into study to document that they are a candidate for chemoradiation and whether or not they are candidates for consideration of surgical resection (not required to be a surgical candidate)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThere must be a commitment by the surgical team to resect the primary tumor within 3 days following the 4 weeks of sirolimus unless the clinical situation at the time of resection suggests that these interventions are not in the patient's best interestXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who undergo surgical resection will be allowed regardless of human papilloma virus (HPV) status provided they have one of the following criteria: \r\n* Positive margins on pathology\r\n* Evidence of extracapsular spread on nodal pathology\r\n* Gross residual disease on postoperative or simulation imaging\r\n* N2/3 disease\r\n* T3/4 disease\r\n* Multifocal perineural invasion and/or lymphovascular space invasionXx_NEWLINE_xXCNS complications for whom urgent neurosurgical intervention is indicated (e.g., resection, shunt placement)Xx_NEWLINE_xXCNS complications for whom urgent neurosurgical intervention is indicated (e.g., resection, shunt placement)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe only surgical consideration is biopsy. Subjects who had gross total resection, partial resection and/or debulking are excluded.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical and pathology reports that document surgery was limited to biopsy and histologic confirmation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who had gross total tumor resection, partial resection, and/or debulking surgery.Xx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients with histiocytic sarcoma, interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma, or follicular dendritic cell sarcoma only: disease that is not amenable to surgical resection and/or radiation therapy with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient has serious preexisting medical condition(s) that would preclude participation in this study (for example, interstitial lung disease, severe dyspnea at rest or requiring oxygen therapy, history of major surgical resection involving the stomach or small bowel, or preexisting Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis or a preexisting chronic condition resulting in baseline grade 2 or higher diarrhea)Xx_NEWLINE_xXNot a surgical candidate or surgery is not scheduled within 43 days from starting the study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXUnwilling or unable to undergo research biopsy during the baseline (pre-surgical) clinic visit, or inadequate research biopsy obtained during the baseline (pre-surgical) clinic visit (determined by the gynecologic oncologist at the time of the subject’s pelvic exam)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures ?14 days of beginning study drug, or minor surgical procedures ?7 days, or has not recovered from major side effects. No waiting required following port-a-cath placement.Xx_NEWLINE_xXWomen with surgical breast biopsy(s) performed within 3 years or core biopsy(s) performed within 1 year prior to the screening mammogram.Xx_NEWLINE_xXDocumentation by at least one physician that patient is not a candidate for surgical debulkingXx_NEWLINE_xXNot eligible for surgical resection or liver transplant or have refused such proceduresXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical fixation of bone lesion to be irradiated is required and indicated to provide mechanical stabilityXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical fixation of bone lesion to be irradiated is required and indicated to provide mechanical stabilityXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease that is currently not amenable to surgical resection with curative intent as determined by the treating investigatorXx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnosed with residual pathologic disease after being surgically rendered free of disease with negative margins following complete resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXAdjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for UC following surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures =< 28 days of beginning study treatment, or minor surgical procedures (including ventriculoperitoneal [VP] shunt placement or stereotactic biopsy of the tumor) =< 7 days; no waiting period required following port-a-cath or other central venous access placementXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with no evidence of metastatic disease as well as patients with a local recurrence following surgical resection of primary lesion.Xx_NEWLINE_xXInclusion Criteria:\n\n        Patients must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for participation\n        in this study:\n\n          -  Surgical or biopsy-proven diagnosis of WHO grade 3 AA.\n\n          -  Unequivocal evidence of first AA tumor progression or recurrence ? 3 months prior to\n             randomization based on MRI criteria for tumor progression using enlarging Gd-contrast\n             enhancement and/or T2 hyperintensity. Patients with non-measurable Gd contrast\n             enhancing tumors will only be eligible if there is no necrosis seen on MRI and/or\n             histopathological confirmation of AA per standard of care procedures is obtained.\n\n          -  First tumor progression or recurrence following surgical resection or biopsy, if\n             resection is not feasible, EBRT and temozolomide chemotherapy.\n\n          -  Completion of EBRT ? 6 months prior to randomization.\n\n          -  A patient whose AA tumor has progressed or recurred and has had another surgical\n             resection prior to randomization will be eligible if a) pathology review confirms AA,\n             and b) post-surgical MRI demonstrates measurable tumor on T2/FLAIR.\n\n          -  Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of ? 70.\n\n        Exclusion Criteria:\n\n        Patients who meet any of the following exclusion criteria are not eligible for study\n        participation:\n\n          -  MRI defining progression is consistent with a diagnosis of glioblastoma or radiation\n             necrosis.\n\n          -  Patients who are considered to be refractory to EBRT and temozolomide but who have not\n             progressed.\n\n          -  Prior systemic therapy for recurrence of AA.\n\n          -  Presence of extracranial or leptomeningeal disease.\n\n          -  Prior lomustine use.\n\n          -  Any other clinical condition or prior therapy that, in the opinion of the\n             Investigator, would make the patient unsuitable for the study.\n\n          -  Pregnant or breastfeeding.Xx_NEWLINE_xXTreated with continuous androgen ablative therapy (either surgical castration or luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist/antagonist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures =< 28 days of beginning study treatment, or minor surgical procedures =< 7 days; no waiting period required following port-a-cath or other central venous access placementXx_NEWLINE_xXBefore enrollment, patients must show non-enhancing T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) lesions that are amenable to surgical resection; surgical resection of at least 0.5 grams of tumor is expected to ensure adequate evaluation of the study endpointsXx_NEWLINE_xXOff or low dose (=< 4 mg/day by Decadron) corticosteroid for at least for 2 weeks before the first pre-surgical vaccineXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be a surgical candidate (e.g. their disease must be considered resectable before any treatment and must have no serious medical contraindications that definitively preclude undergoing general anesthesia)Xx_NEWLINE_xXGross total surgical resection with curative intent of the primary tumor and at least unilateral neck dissection within 7 weeks of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPresence of any of the following risk factors after surgery:\r\n* Any positive surgical margin.\r\n* Adenopathy below the claviclesXx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients must have developed recurrent disease/progression (evidence of recurrence to be established by MRI or CT scan with contrast; there is no limit to the number of relapses) after receiving all standard treatments, which must include the following: \r\n* Surgical resection, if possible;\r\n* Definitive radiation therapy for unresectable meningioma, or for recurrent meningioma after resection\r\n* (Note: At registration, patients must be at least 28 days post-surgery, and must be at least 28 days post-radiation therapy, with resolution of related cytotoxicities down to grade 2)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had minor surgical procedures (with the exception of the placement of porta cath or other central venous access) within 7 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNot surgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is a candidate for salvage resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are less than 4 weeks from surgery (except biopsies) or have insufficient recovery from surgical-related trauma or wound healingXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients eligible for resection with one or more of the followingXx_NEWLINE_xXMust be willing to undergo definitive resection with neck dissection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be medically or surgically inoperable as determined by a physician OR unwilling to undergo surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXBefore enrollment, patients must show supratentorial, non-enhancing T2-FLAIR lesions that are amenable to surgical resection and are likely WHO grade II glioma; surgical resection of at least 500 mg tumor tissue to ensure adequate evaluation of the study endpointsXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical procedure w/in 4 wks of starting study drug. Or pt has surgery-related complications to Grade ?1Xx_NEWLINE_xXWillingness to be evaluated for surgical placement of an intraperitoneal port and undergo biopsy if feasible for a research sampleXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for surgical placement of an intraperitoneal port, as determined by a gynecologic oncology surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject is undergoing one of the following open elective cardiac, general, or urological surgical procedures: Cardiac procedure (Epicardium); Cardiac procedure (aortic anastomosis or aortotomy suture line); Liver resection; Total splenectomy; On-clamp partial nephrectomy; or Radical nephrectomy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject in whom there is bleeding at the specified area for each surgical procedure after any applicable conventional means for hemostasis are attempted as specified by the intraoperative protocol;Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject who has an active or potential infection at the surgical site, or whose surgical wound is defined as a wound classification of CO (Contaminated) or D (Dirty or Infected) based upon the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's wound classification system; andXx_NEWLINE_xXThere must be an interval of at least 12 weeks from the completion of standard front line therapy to study registration unless there is unequivocal evidence for tumor recurrence per RANO criteria; when the interval is less than 12 weeks, the use of perfusion imaging and/or positron emission tomography (PET) scan is allowed to differentiate between unequivocal evidence of tumor recurrence and pseudo-progression; standard front line therapy is as described below:\r\n* For grade IV malignant gliomas (GBM): standard front line therapy for newly diagnosed GBM must include maximal feasible surgical resection (biopsy alone allowed), radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy; if the tumor was initially diagnosed as either a grade II or III tumor and now has recurred or progressed as a grade IV GBM, it will be considered a secondary recurrent grade IV GBM and will be eligible for this study as long as prior treatment included maximal feasible surgical resection (biopsy alone allowed), radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy\r\n* For grade III malignant gliomas with 1p 19q codeletions: standard front line therapy for newly diagnosed grade III malignant gliomas must include maximal feasible surgical resection (biopsy alone allowed), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine sulfate [PCV] or temozolomide); if the patient did not receive any or all components of the standard front line therapy as detailed above for newly diagnosed grade III gliomas with 1p 19q codeletions and the tumor then recurred or progressed, s/he must first receive at least one prior standard therapy or any appropriate combination of the components of standard therapy as detailed above and must experience further recurrence or progression before s/he is deemed eligible for this study; if the tumor was initially diagnosed as a grade II glioma with 1p 19q codeletions and now has recurred or progressed as a grade III tumor, it will be considered a secondary recurrent grade III glioma with 1p 19q codeletions and will be eligible for this study as long as prior treatment included maximal feasible surgical resection (biopsy alone allowed), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (PCV or temozolomide)\r\n* For grade III malignant glioma without 1p 19q codeletions: standard front line therapy for newly diagnosed grade III malignant gliomas must include maximal feasible surgical resection (biopsy alone allowed), radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy; if the tumor was initially diagnosed as a grade II glioma without 1p 19q codeletions and now has recurred or progressed as a grade III tumor, it will be considered a secondary recurrent grade III glioma without 1p 19q codeletions and will be eligible for this study as long as prior treatment included maximal feasible surgical resection (biopsy alone allowed), radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for MLA based on the size, location, and shape of the recurrent tumor as determined by the performing neurosurgeon; surgical resection/debulking prior to MLA is allowed per standard of care, but is not required; if the patient undergoes resection or debulking, it must have occurred at least 3 weeks prior to the first dose of MK-3475Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone a gross total resection for recurrence will be eligible, and MLA will be directed at treating a peritumoral margin of 0.5-1 cm surrounding the resection cavity to disrupt the blood brain barrier (BBB) and potentially increase access of MK-3475 to the peritumoral infiltrating glioma cellsXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for curative resection or urgent surgical procedure(s) neededXx_NEWLINE_xXInsufficient recovery from surgical-related trauma or wound healingXx_NEWLINE_xXNon-surgical candidates due to:\r\n* Desire for fertility preserving treatment\r\n* Unacceptable surgical risk as defined by: \r\n** American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) >= 4 and/or perioperative cardiac risk > 5% and/or perioperative respiratory failure risk > 5% AND\r\n** Independent medicine or cardiology pre-op consultation concluding ‘high’ surgical risk\r\n* Patient determined to be a non-surgical candidate by the primary treating physicianXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures ?28 days of beginning study treatment or minor surgical procedures ?7 days. No waiting is required following port-a-cath placement.Xx_NEWLINE_xXInitiation of chemotherapy is planned within 6 weeks (42 days) of the definitive biopsy or surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be evaluated by a thoracic surgeon, pulmonologist or medical oncologist and deemed medically or surgically unacceptable for resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust have had surgical treatment of the breast - either mastectomy or breast preserving surgery, such as lumpectomy. Re-excision of surgical margins is permitted.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical margins that cannot be microscopically assessed or are positive at pathologic evaluation. (If surgical margins are rendered free of disease by re-excision, the patient is eligible).Xx_NEWLINE_xXWomen with post-surgical temporary breast expanders will require individual assessment. Depending on the manufacturing product and other treatment planning-specific details the patient may be eligible or may be deemed ineligible, as determined by treating investigator.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures, fine needle aspirations or core biopsies within 7 days prior to starting treatment; central venous catheter placements are permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXComplete macroscopic resection of all known diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous surgery for melanoma (other than complete macroscopic resection as stated above)(i.e. Not recurrent disease)Xx_NEWLINE_xXInability to localise surgical bed on CT scans and/or surgical margins (cm) not knownXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have a primary medical or surgical oncologist in the community or at NCI who is willing to collaborate with the ROB staff in the clinical management of the patientXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXEribulin dose modification necessary in patients with hepatic insufficiency according to United Surgical Partners International (USPI).Xx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment directed against the melanoma (eg, chemotherapy, targeted agents, biotherapy, limb perfusion) that is administered after a prior complete resection other than adjuvant radiation after neurosurgical resection and IFN for resected melanomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone bilateral surgical castration or must continue on gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists/antagonists for the duration of the study.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior therapy to primary tumor prior to surgical resection (no induction therapy or recurrent disease).Xx_NEWLINE_xXNot a candidate for standard effective therapy NOTE: In men with prostate cancer, baseline testosterone levels must also be ?50ng/dL (? 2.0nM) and surgical or ongoing medical castration must be maintained throughout the duration of the study.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical castrationXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must be deemed to be potential surgical candidates by an evaluating surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXBe eligible and reasonably fit to undergo potentially curative resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior chemotherapy (including investigational agents) for any malignant disorder, thoracic radiation therapy or prior surgical resection of an esophagogastric tumor\r\n* Note: If participant received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with non-healing surgical incisions or wounds on the scalpXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXINCLUSION - TREATMENT: Fibrotic area of prior tumor located at least 3 mm away from surgical marginsXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of >= 28 days and full recovery (i.e., no ongoing safety issues) from surgical resection prior to randomization.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedure (e.g., stereotactic biopsy within 7 days of first study treatment; placement of a vascular access device within 2 days of first study treatment).Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have disease that is not amenable to potentially curative resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXDocumentation that the patient is a candidate for surgical resection of their lung cancer by an American Board of Thoracic Surgery certified surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have disease that is not amenable to potentially curative resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of ? 21 days since surgical resection prior to treatment on the trialXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior transurethral prostatic resection (TURP)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures (as defined by the Investigator): 7 postoperative daysXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with disease that is amenable to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXCriteria for surgical resection of at least one metastasis per neurosurgeon discretionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical candidate per neurosurgeon discretionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection able to be performed within 1 – 3 days after radiosurgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received anti-VEGF therapy within 6 weeks prior to enrollment, as there is increased risk of fatal brain hemorrhage with surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXNot a surgical candidate per neurosurgeon’s discretionXx_NEWLINE_xXHas undergone a partial nephroprotective or radical complete nephrectomy (and complete resection of solid, isolated, soft tissue metastatic lesion(s) in M1 NED participants) with negative surgical margins.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubstantial recovery from surgery resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment for GBM (other than surgical resection)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients on the Intratumoral Studies surgical arm must be undergoing repeat surgery that is clinically indicated as determined by their care providers, where a significant debulking or a gross total surgical resection of the contrast-enhancing area is intendedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment for GBM (other than surgical resection)Xx_NEWLINE_xXDetermined not to be a surgical candidate due to medical co-morbiditiesXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 2 weeks for surgical resection and 1 week for stereotactic biopsy from the start of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXARM I INCLUSION CRITERIA: Subject is eligible for and agrees to receive standard of care stereotactic radio surgery with or without prior neuro-surgical interventionXx_NEWLINE_xXARM II INCLUSION CRITERIA: Subject is eligible for and agrees to receive standard of care radiation and temozolamide after biopsy or maximum safe surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects deemed surgically unresectable or subjects unwilling to undergo surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical resection of pancreatic tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXPlan for next therapeutic intervention to be surgical resection of metastatic disease.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAcute radiation dermatitis, unhealed surgical scar, unhealed or open wound(s), surgical flap less than 6-8 weeks post-operative.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave absence of metastatic disease as determined by conventional imaging studies and be considered a good surgical candidate by the treating physician.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny surgical intervention for benign prostatic hypertrophy;Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have disease determined to be surgically resectable and candidates for upfront surgery as agreed upon by a multidisciplinary consensus (Surgical Oncology, Medical Oncology, Radiation Oncology) after presentation at sarcoma multidisciplinary conference. Resectable tumors are defined as having no significant vascular, neural or bony involvement. Only cases where a complete surgical resection can safely be achieved are defined as resectable.Xx_NEWLINE_xXDisease that is considered surgically unresectable, including, but not limited to significant vascular, neural, or bone involvement, and in cases where a complete surgical resection cannot be safely performed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXDisease amenable to surgical resection in the opinion of the treating surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXReceiving, or previously received, any systemic chemotherapy, or investigational agent for HCC\r\n* Note: prior surgical resection with recurrence, or palliative local therapy (including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization [TACE], Y-90 resin microspheres, etc.) would not exclude trial participation, but must have been performed at least 6 months prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHistological confirmation of stage IIIB, IIIC, IVM1a, IVM1b, or IVM1c that is not suitable for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are surgical or ablation candidates as determined by multidisciplinary hepatobiliary tumor conferenceXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have stage IIIB, IIIC, or IVM1a (equivalent staging at time of enrollment) metastatic melanoma which is eligible for complete surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who are less than 21 days from surgery or have insufficient recovery from surgical-related trauma or wound healing.Xx_NEWLINE_xXWOCBP is defined as any female who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone successful surgical sterilization or who is not postmenopausalXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be candidate for surgical resection, ablation, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).Xx_NEWLINE_xXHad prior lumbar spine surgical procedures that could impair the ability to perform the injection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNonstudy related surgical procedures prior to IP administration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has had a surgical procedure 4 weeks prior to TURBT or will have other surgical procedures performed at the time of TURBT or within 4 weeks after TURBTXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who require ongoing anticoagulation will be excluded. Only aspirin will be permitted. Pre and post-surgical prophylactic anti-coagulation treatment is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXDocumentation that the patient is a candidate for surgical resection of their lung cancer by an American Board of Thoracic Surgery-certified surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with unhealed surgical wounds for more than 30 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXDeemed ineligible for curative intent therapy with surgical resection or liver transplantationXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject meets standard of care eligibility criteria for consideration of treatment with immunotherapy using a checkpoint inhibitor following surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXHistological confirmation of supratentorial glioblastoma (also known as astrocytoma grade IV, gliosarcoma) amenable to surgical resection =< 28 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXWilling to undergo craniotomy and resection of their glioblastoma at Mayo ClinicXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received any previous therapy, including surgical excision, but must have histologically documented recurrence on new biopsy and a measurable lesion that meets the above criteriaXx_NEWLINE_xXMore than 3 weeks must have elapsed since minor surgical procedures or limited field radiotherapy at the time the patient receives the preparative regimen, and patients’ toxicities must have recovered to grade 1 or lessXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of gastrointestinal perforation or fistula in the 6 months prior to study treatment, or while previously on antiangiogenic therapy, unless underlying risk has been resolved (e.g., through surgical resection or repair)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who require immediate surgical or radiotherapy interventionsXx_NEWLINE_xX(Bevacizumab-related exclusion) Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior of study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNot eligible for surgery for recurrence or poor surgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are less than 4 weeks from surgery or have insufficient recovery from surgical-related trauma or wound healingXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with tumors of the brain must have been previously treated with surgical resection, external beam radiation, and temozolomide chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be willing to and medically capable of undergoing the surgical operationXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection of head and neck must be planned, either as primary treatment or salvage; patients must undergo research biopsy prior to receiving drugXx_NEWLINE_xXUnfit to receive study treatment or subsequent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXBilateral orchiectomy or ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist (surgical or medical castration).Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have evidence of disease progression and cannot be a candidate for surgical treatment or radiation\r\n* NOTE: Disease progression is defined as one of the following occurring within the 6 months prior to study entry:\r\n** At least a 20% increase in radiologically or clinically measurable lesions\r\n** Appearance of any new lesions or\r\n** Symptomatic and/or deterioration in clinical statusXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not be a candidate for curative surgical or radiation therapy\r\n* NOTE: Palliative radiotherapy is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXAll disease should be deemed resectable based on imaging studies e.g.:\r\n* Hepatic metastases (unilateral or bilateral =< 5 lesions, =< 15 cm total diameter)\r\n** Note: Hepatic lesions must be amenable to complete resection\r\n* Primary peritoneal metastases (small disease load =< P2 disease) without intestinal obstruction\r\n* Lung metastases (=< 3 unilateral/bilateral, 9 cm total diameter)\r\n** Note: lung lesions must be amenable to complete resection\r\n* Note: Patients with both pulmonary and hepatic metastases will be enrolled at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI)\r\n* Note: In situations where resection to completeness of cytoreduction score (CC) 0 or 1 is uncertain, patients may undergo diagnostic laparoscopy prior to enrollment to determine feasibility of resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted an R0 or R1 surgical resection as determined by pathologyXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of disease recurrence or metastasis following surgical resection at any time prior to the first vaccination administration; most patients will undergo restaging midway through adjuvant chemotherapy and at the completion of therapy; however, timing of imaging is at the discretion of the patient’s medical oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone resection of primary disease.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with unhealed surgical wounds for more than 30 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who anticipate the need for surgical intervention within the first three cycles (3 months), as surgical intervention during the period of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation may affect analysis of adherence and/or make the subject inevaluableXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy with tissue biopsy or peritoneal lavage is permitted (prior surgical score, PSS, of 0 or 1)Xx_NEWLINE_xXAdvanced localized disease not suitable for local primary surgical intervention with curative intent (radiotherapy, cryotherapy, or high frequency ultrasound are allowed after 2 months of androgen deprivation therapy);Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of surgical castration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients scheduled for definitive cancer surgical resection less than 7 days from beginning of study drug administration or greater than 6 weeks from beginning of study drug administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should not be eligible for potentially curative surgical intervention in the case of oligometastatic disease at the time of enrollment or must have actively refused after explicit discussion of potential benefit of this intervention with multidisciplinary teamXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have stage I NSCLC and is not undergoing surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXNot a candidate for curative treatments (i.e., resection, transplantation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis ? 6 months of study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must maintain ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a GnRH analogue, antagonist, or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have stable cardiovascular, neurovascular and neurological status, and be considered surgical candidates, as determined by any relevant pre-operative assessments, at the neurosurgeon’s discretion.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have symptoms attributed to mass effect of the tumor (despite corticosteroid treatment) that would be better treated with debulking surgery, or wherein surgical debulking in the first 30 days following LITT procedure would be anticipated for symptom management.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNewly diagnosed, treatment naive, HNSCC suitable for surgical resection with planned radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient must be a candidate for surgical debulking (either subtotal or gross total resection); biopsy-only candidates will not be eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients are only eligible if complete resection of a plexiform neurofibroma with acceptable morbidity is not feasible, or if a patient with surgical option refuses surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 4 weeks (to registration) between prior surgical resection or one week for stereotactic biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be undergoing surgery that is clinically indicated as determined by their care providers; patients must be eligible for surgical resection with the expectation that the surgeon is able to resect at least 400 mg of tumor with low risk of inducing neurological injuryXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical or radiological treatment of lesions contraindicatedXx_NEWLINE_xXprior surgical procedures affecting absorption including total gastric resection;Xx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnosis must be made by surgical excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should not be deemed candidate for curative hepatic resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled date of surgical resection that would limit the amount of time taking the intervention to less than 21 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involving the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, paranasal sinuses or unknown primary squamous carcinoma limited to the head and neck region\r\n* Cohort 1: unresectable locally advanced non-nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) without evidence of distant metastases\r\n* Cohort 2: patients with non-nasopharyngeal SCCHN who have undergone gross total surgical resection within 63 days prior to registration; patients must have at least 1 of the following high-risk pathologic features: extracapsular nodal extension, invasive cancer at the primary tumor resection margin (positive margin), lymphovascular invasion or perineural invasion, or the presence of multilevel nodal disease; patients must be without evidence of distant metastasesXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients undergoing curative intent resection the following criteria are required:Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone gross total surgical resection within 42 days prior to registration and beginning of therapy under the clinical trial. Note: Patients may have biopsy under general anesthesia in an operating room followed by definitive ablative cancer surgery representing gross total resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to enrollment;Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny other medical or surgical condition or disease that, in the judgment of the treating physician, renders subject ineligible for high dose interleukin-2 therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHas undergone a surgical procedure involving general anesthesia within 2 weeks of starting trial treatment, or has inadequate healing or recovery from complications of surgery prior to starting trial treatment; this does not apply to low-risk procedures such as thoracentesis; paracentesis; chest tube/pleurX catheter placement; line placement; needle biopsy of tumor; and bronchoscopyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone prior standard therapy for their primary disease; for patients with glioblastoma, this would include surgical resection or biopsy, if safe resection was not permitted due to the tumor location, radiation and adjuvant temozolomide; for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma, this would include surgical resection, radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy (procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine [PCV] or temozolomide)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be a surgical candidate for radical prostatectomy based on standard workup of PSA, biopsy results, and if necessary supplemental imagingXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be enrolled on the trial within 12 weeks of the later of two dates: the final breast cancer surgical procedure or administration of the last cycle of cytotoxic chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologic, cytologic, or radiologically evidence of locally advanced, residual, or recurrent solid malignancy of the abdomen or pelvis requiring surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXMedically fit and willing to undergo resection of diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject is a surgical candidate, i.e., is able to undergo general anesthesia and surgical resection for diagnosis of cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject is not a suitable candidate for surgical interventionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient’s current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life; for patients in whom surgery is feasible, maximal surgical resection must have occurredXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients scheduled for definitive cancer surgical resection less than 7 days from beginning of study drug administration or greater than 5 weeks from beginning study drug administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPlan on having surgical treatment to remove the lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXIs not interested in surgical treatment of her DCISXx_NEWLINE_xXHistopathologically proven newly-diagnosed primary glioblastoma with complete or partial surgical resection; biopsy not acceptableXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be a surgical candidate with therapeutic goal of eradicating all known disease with one additional surgery; portal venous embolization is permitted to ensure resectabilityXx_NEWLINE_xXAny stage, considered candidates for surgery and scheduled for surgery either by robotic or by standard surgical techniqueXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with unhealed surgical wounds for more than 30 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be deemed a surgical candidate as documented by surgeon within their respective institutional standardsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be registered within 6 weeks of most recent resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXEach brain lesion must be less than or equal to 5 cm in diameter and not an optimal surgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient may have had prior therapy for brain metastasis, including radiosurgery and surgical resection however must have completed prior resection and radiosurgery at least 90 days before enrollment and not received further active treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be surgical resection candidatesXx_NEWLINE_xXConfirmation of resectability by surgical oncology consultationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have clinical indication for standard-of-care surgical resection of relapsed PFEPN tumor for enrollment in Stratum 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXmCRPC EXPANSION COHORT: Patients must have undergone bilateral surgical castration or must agree to continue on gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists/antagonists for the duration of the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical consultation at enrolling site to confirm that patient will be able to undergo curative resection after completion of chemoradiation =< 56 days prior to registration\r\n* Tumor is amenable to standard resection and reconstructionXx_NEWLINE_xXHave disease amenable to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXprevious unilateral thoracic surgical procedure or traumaXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients who will participate in the optional DSF pharmacokinetic study, they should be eligible for surgical resection for which at least 0.2 cubic cm or approximately 200 mg of tumor will be removed in additional to tumor specimen required for pathology evaluation; patients enrolled after undergoing surgical resection or biopsy with histologically confirmed GBM are not required to meet this point of inclusionXx_NEWLINE_xXWilling to defer definitive surgery for one week while taking DSF and Cu; patients who declined the optional pre-operative pharmacokinetic study or enrolled after undergoing surgical resection or biopsy with histologically confirmed GBM are not required to meet this point of inclusionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapy < than 2 weeks since surgical re-resection or biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease amenable to maximal surgical debulking via extended pleurectomy/decortication as determined by a surgeon specializing in mesotheliomaXx_NEWLINE_xXHave no extrathoracic disease by best surgical stagingXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient is not eligible for a complete surgical resection of their disease as evaluated by a radiologist and/or surgeon.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient may undergo surgical resection prior to reirradiationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically confirmed diagnosis of colon or rectal adenocarcinoma of any clinical stage, previously untreated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with a plan to undergo surgical resection no sooner than 7 days from the projected date of study drug initiationXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical treatment of the breast with lumpectomy plus (+) clinical target volume (CTV) margin up to 65 cc's or 5 cm in maximum dimension with histologically confirmed margins free of tumor (negative margins defined as no tumor on ink in all directions); re-excision of surgical margins is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to cycle 1, day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has undergone major surgical resection within 4 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE II DOSE EXPANSION IN RECURRENT GBM UNDERGOING RESECTION: Be at first relapse; Note: relapse is defined as progression following initial therapy (i.e., radiation, chemotherapy, or radiation plus (+) chemotherapy); if the participant had a surgical resection for relapsed disease and no antitumor therapy instituted for up to 12 weeks, this is considered one relapse; for participants who had prior therapy for a lower grade glioma, the surgical diagnosis of glioblastoma or gliosarcoma will be considered first relapseXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE 1: Patients having undergone recent surgery are eligible as long as they are at least 3 weeks from resection or 1 week from stereotactic biopsy, and recovering from any operative or perioperative complications; no measurable disease post resection will be requiredXx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients should have either five measurable cutaneous KS lesions with no previous local radiation, surgical or intralesional cytotoxic therapy that would prevent response assessment for that lesion; or other assessable diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least five measurable cutaneous KS lesions with no previous local radiation, surgical or intralesional cytotoxic therapy that would prevent response assessment for that lesion; or other assessable diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients must be surgical candidates for complete hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of surgical resection, chemotherapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and/or radiofrequency ablation are allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXLocal surgical resection is not possible due to tumor or patient factorsXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease is termed unresectable or the patient refuses resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures =< 28 days prior to D1 of AZD1775 or minor surgical procedures =< 7 days; no waiting required following port-a-cath placementXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior history of lung resection on ipsilateral sideXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with solid tumors or lymphoma must have 1 or more tumors accessible to biopsy or resection, including biopsy allowing multiple cores from at least 1 lesion (fine needle aspiration is excluded), incisional or excisional biopsy, and/or resection. Note: Patients with resectable brain metastases must be undergoing planned resection. Patients with rHGG must be undergoing planned subtotal or gross total resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior total prostatectomy or cryotherapy of the prostate\r\n* Prior transurethral resection or laser ablation is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXFavorable candidates for surgical decompression by prior documented criteriaXx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical intervention, including placement of a permanent catheter within 24 hours prior to the first infusion of bevacizumabXx_NEWLINE_xXResectable/operable or potentially resectable/operable breast cancer as determined by the treating surgical oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXMacroscopic complete salvage surgery with curative intent (surgery was not performed only for biopsy or palliation); final pathology and imaging must indicate a R0 or R1 resection (no gross disease remaining)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPhase Ib part: treatment-naïve Stage III A/B NSCLC not eligible for surgical resection or concurrent chemoradiation (Arm A expansion cohort) or treatment-naïve SCCHN eligible for fractionated curatively intended RT with concurrent cisplatin (Arm B expansion cohort)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a documented symptomatic lesion size smaller than 3 cm requiring clinical surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXCore needle biopsy or surgical specimen that confirms ICC; patients must be determined to be unresectable by a multidisciplinary team that includes a hepatobiliary surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXComplete surgical resection of the primary NSCLC is mandatory. All gross disease must have been removed at the end of surgery. All surgical margins of resection must be negative for tumour.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave experienced symptomatic cardiac disease that is unresponsive to surgical or medical managementXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical treatment of the area (i.e., revision cases); a biopsy does not constitute prior surgical treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be consented prior to the surgical evaluation/cytoreductive surgery; patients must have less than or equal to 0.5 cm residual disease at the completion of the secondary surgery to be eligible for the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be able to return to surgical facility for 30 and/or 90 day (+/- 20 days) follow up appointmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of rectal resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical Stage IVA includes patients with bladder or bowel mucosal involvement, but no spread outside the pelvis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with FIGO 2009 surgical Stage I or II endometrial clear cell or serous carcinoma and with positive peritoneal cytology.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically confirmed diagnosis of supratentorial WHO grade III or IV glioma (high grade glioma) that has undergone surgical biopsy or resection followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, that has evidence of recurrence or progression based on imaging studies and surgical resection of the enhancing tumor is clinically indicatedXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE II COLORECTAL CANCER COHORT 6 (MEDI+C ONLY):\r\nMajor surgical procedure (as defined by the investigator) within 30 days prior to the first dose of MEDI4736 or still recovering from prior surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xX=< 3 months from a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXFor the purposes of this study, the procedure with the highest estimated risk of DSC (as predicted by the Surgical Risk Calculator) will be denoted at the time of first registration as the “index procedure” that will be performed during the “index surgery”Xx_NEWLINE_xXStatus post \r\n* Elective (curative or palliative) major cancer surgery at the time of the index surgery (patient may have undergone more than one of these procedures) OR \r\n* Elective surgical procedure(s) listed as an option (i.e., CPT code) in the Surgical Risk Calculator webpage (patient may have undergone more than one of these procedures)\r\n** For the purposes of this study, the procedure that was performed with the highest estimated risk of DSC (as predicted by the Surgical Risk Calculator) will be denoted at the time of second registration as the “index procedure” performed during the “index surgery”Xx_NEWLINE_xXStatus post elective surgical procedure(s) not listed as options in the Surgical Risk Calculator webpageXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may be receiving continuous hormonal ablation with surgical or medical castration with baseline testosterone < 50ng/dLXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has unresectable disease; i.e. in the opinion of the surgical oncologist, all of the subject’s melanoma cannot be completely removed with a clear marginXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of gastrointestinal perforation or fistula in the past 6 months, or while previously on antiangiogenic therapy, unless underlying risk has been resolved (e.g., through surgical resection or repair)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are less than 4 weeks from CRS/HIPEC or have insufficient recovery from surgical-related trauma or wound healing as determined by the patient’s surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should not have undergone previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) within 1 yearXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be eligible for surgical resection of their breast cancer or repeat biopsy after completing 14 days of treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical resection of pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo limit in the number of previous surgical resectionsXx_NEWLINE_xXResection: at least 3 weeks from the last surgical resection, prior to start study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXEvaluation by a surgical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and medical oncologist =< 28 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrimary surgeon indicates the need for an abdominal perineal resection (APR) at baselineXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have radiographic or histological diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer (HCC), with advanced stage disease that is not amenable to curative surgical resection; patients without histologic diagnosis must meet the radiographic criteria for HCCXx_NEWLINE_xXComplete surgical resection of the primary NSCLC is also mandatory. All gross disease must have been removed at the end of surgery. All surgical margins of resection must be negative for tumour. Resection may be accomplished by open or VATS techniques Note: Patients with synchronous primary tumours will not be eligible due to the potential uncertainty regarding their appropriate PD-L1 status. Prior Systemic Therapy:Xx_NEWLINE_xXExtensive disease, disease location, and/or co-morbid condition that the PI or designee considers unsafe for surgical intervention of NK cell infusionXx_NEWLINE_xXIncomplete recovery from any prior surgical procedures or had surgery within 4 weeks prior to study entry, excluding the placement of vascular accessXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior ablative or surgical treatment of the lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with gross residual tumor after surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IIIB/C melanoma; the definition of resectability can be determined by the patient’s surgical oncologist and verified via discussion at multidisciplinary tumor conference attended by melanoma medical and surgical oncology staff; resectable tumors are defined as having no significant vascular, neural or bony involvement; only cases where a complete surgical resection with tumor-free margins can safely be achieved are defined as resectableXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be medically fit enough to undergo surgery as determined by the surgical oncology teamXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who require ongoing anticoagulation will be excluded; only aspirin will be permitted; pre and post-surgical prophylactic anti-coagulation treatment is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXThe surgical treatment must be intended to be a lumpectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXCOHORT II: The surgical treatment must be intended to be a lumpectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have undergone gross total resection, subtotal resection, or biopsy with the extent of resection determined by the treating neurosurgeon, and must begin radiation within 12 weeks of this procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXHCC not amenable to surgical resection, liver transplantation, chemoembolization, or ablation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXNot a candidate for surgical resection according to the local guidelines for resection and in the Investigator's judgment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients must have a procedure for determining diagnosis of high-risk uterine cancer (HRUC); minimum surgical intervention required is tissue biopsy (may be from endometrium), if significant clinical evidence exists to support a stage 3 or 4 diagnosis; as per the discretion of the surgeon, complete surgical staging should include: total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, peritoneal washings, omental biopsy and lymph node samplings; this is typically the standard unless the disease is bulky or the clinician feels the patient would be best served by chemotherapy and radiation therapy after histologic diagnosis is confirmedXx_NEWLINE_xXProgressing on continuous androgen ablative therapy (either surgical castration or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSymptomatic brain metastases; symptoms may be present from the surgical lesion prior to resection or LITT but must have resolved by the time of administration of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXIneligible for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXDefinitive local treatment for primary tumor, including surgical resection (enucleation) or radiation therapy (radioactive plaque or external proton beam)Xx_NEWLINE_xXLess than 6 months from the date that local treatment (surgical or radiation) of the primary tumor was finalizedXx_NEWLINE_xXFocally positive surgical margins are permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical resection of targeted tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have evaluable disease; patients must begin treatment within 120 days of their surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient has previously received definitive surgical, radiation, or chemoradiation treatment for HNSCCXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiologic workup must demonstrate that the thoracic disease is confined to only one hemi-thoracic cavity and must be deemed potentially resectable by the surgical teamXx_NEWLINE_xXAble to get a Whipple resection per surgeon assessment performed within 4 weeks of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment (e.g., open surgical biopsy, lumpectomy) of index cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects deemed surgically unresectable or subjects unwilling to undergo surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXRecurrent disease/progression after receiving all standard treatments, which must include the following:\r\n* Surgical resection, if possible\r\n* Definitive radiation therapy for unresectable meningioma, or for recurrent meningioma after resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have a lesion amenable to resection for the generation of TIL (Turnstile I)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically or cytologically confirmed carcinoma of exocrine pancreatic head amenable to oncological surgical resection per findings on a pancreatic-specific computed tomography (CT) scan/MRI scan; tumors of the body that allow a surgical approach similar to pancreatic head tumors are acceptableXx_NEWLINE_xXMust be deemed a surgical candidate by the surgical oncology serviceXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with no evidence of distant metastatic disease based on CT scan of the chest/abdomen/pelvis; diagnostic laparoscopy, is recommended but not required and is at the discretion of the surgical oncologist; peri-pancreatic or regional lymphadenopathy that does not preclude a surgical resection is acceptableXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious treatment for glioblastoma must include surgery (biopsy, partial resection, or full surgical resection), conventional radiation therapy and temozolomide (TMZ)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures, fine needle aspirations or core biopsies within 7 days prior to day 0Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient deemed medically unfit to undergo surgical resection of brain metastasisXx_NEWLINE_xXAll tumors (invasive and non-invasive disease) must be excised with a minimum margin width of >= 2 mm; re-excision of surgical margins is permitted; focally close (< 2 mm) or positive (tumor cells at the inked edge of the specimen) margins determined to be at an anatomic boundary of resection by the surgeon, such as posterior fascia for posterior margins or skin for anterior margins, are also acceptableXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical margins that cannot be microscopically assessed or are positive at pathological evaluation; a focally positive margin determined to be at an anatomic boundary of resection by the surgeon, such as posterior fascia for posterior margins and skin for anterior margins, is also acceptable; if surgical margins are rendered free of disease by re-excision, the patient is eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must be able and willing to schedule surgical resection of their tumor 2 or more weeks following the start of the study agentXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor types – tumor type/location:\r\n* Stratum A: Patients with a recurrent ependymoma with the primary site in the posterior fossa; patients may have non-bulky asymptomatic, metastatic disease; patients may have undergone surgical resection or debulking prior to enrollment\r\nStratum B: Patients with a recurrent ependymoma with the primary site outside the posterior fossa; patients may have non-bulky asymptomatic, metastatic disease; patients may have undergone surgical resection or debulking prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical candidate per pancreatobiliary surgeon after multi-disciplinary discussionXx_NEWLINE_xXEndoscopic and surgical treatment to be provided by same teamXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative indication due to reasons other than surgical candidate statusXx_NEWLINE_xXMust have a lumpectomy performed, with documented negative surgical margins by 0.2 cm or more. If re-excision results in negative surgical margins 0.2 cm or more, patient is eligible.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have a lesion amenable to resection for the generation of TIL (Turnstile I)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have a life expectancy of at least 12 weeks, a Zubrod performance status of =< 1 and be willing and medically able to undergo surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPathologically proven diagnosis of unresected stage II-IIIB, or recurrent after surgical resection or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) non-small cell lung cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be excluded if they have had prior surgical resection of metastatic cancer from the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least five measurable KS lesions with no previous local radiation, surgical or intralesional cytotoxic therapy that would prevent response assessment for that lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious head and neck surgery that would preclude transoral/robotic procedures; this is at the investigator’s discretion; this is not an exclusion criterion for the non-surgical armXx_NEWLINE_xXThe presence of medical conditions contraindicating general anesthesia or transoral surgical approaches; this is not an exclusion criterion for the non-surgical armXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have been previously treated with surgical resection (any extent okay) and radiation therapy plus temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must have histologically confirmed intracranial glioblastoma or gliosarcoma following maximum surgical resection; tumors primarily localized in the infratentorial compartment will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must plan to begin radiation therapy 14-42 days after surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants in Study Part C must have HR+ breast cancer, NSCLC, or melanoma with brain lesions clinically indicated for surgical resection as well as consent to provide tissue for drug concentration determination after 5 to 14 days of study drug dosing.Xx_NEWLINE_xXFor Part C (surgical): Have metastatic brain lesion(s) for which surgical resection is clinically indicated.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave completed local therapy (surgical resection, WBRT, or SRS) ?14 days prior to initiating abemaciclib and recovered from all acute effects.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRequire immediate local therapy, including but not limited to WBRT, SRS, or surgical resection, for treatment of brain metastases.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAbsence of residual or disseminated disease as defined by the following criteria:\r\n* Minimal residual disease as determined by post-operative imaging preferably performed within 48 hours of resection (and at most 28 days post-surgery), i.e. gross total resection or residual disease of < 1.5 cm^2 on post-operative imagingXx_NEWLINE_xXMetastatic disease not amenable to surgical resection with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1 of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab initiationXx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to day 1 of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab initiationXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipant must be evaluated by surgical oncologist and felt to have potentially resectable tumor and be medically fit for proposed surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be regarded as acceptable surgical risk for radical prostatectomy and confirm their intention to undergo radical prostatectomy at the end of the pre-surgical therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with resectable disease will be eligible for participation if, and only if, they have comorbidities precluding surgery or refuse to undergo an operation following a multi-disciplinary discussion involving surgical oncology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology; this discussion will actively involve the patient and reinforce that surgery is the current standard of care for such patientsXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of disease progression defined by progressive VS growth during the previous 12 months (> 20% increase in volume, as clinically determined) in all patients; usually patients with disease progression proceed to microsurgical resection, however for those patients who are at increased risk for surgical complications (e.g., deafness, lower cranial nerve injury, facial weakness) or who refuse surgery, enrollment in the study may be the best clinical optionXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least one brain metastasis (index tumor) must be within 2-6 cm in maximum diameter and deemed appropriate for surgical resection by the treating neurosurgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who are deemed to be poor surgical risks by the treating neurosurgeon because of medical comorbiditiesXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical treatment of the breast must have been lumpectomy; the margins of the resected specimen must be histologically free of tumor (DCIS and invasive); reexcision of surgical margins is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical margins that cannot be microscopically assessed or are positive at pathologic evaluation; (if surgical margins are rendered free of disease by reexcision, the patient is eligible)Xx_NEWLINE_xXIntraperitoneal ports may be placed during or at any time separate from surgical debulking; provided the patient has been allowed at least 4 weeks to recover from surgical debulking, no additional recovery time is required for port placementXx_NEWLINE_xXPrimary HCC amenable to resection, transplant or other potentially curative therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXInitial surgical resection of the paranasal sinuses or nasal cavity region rendering the patient clinically and radiologically disease free.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHead and neck oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oral cavity lesions requiring surgical resection, biopsy, or invasive treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is considered a poor surgical candidate for removal of renal mass as determined by anesthesiology pre-operative assessment or the surgical team, medical team; (no major psychiatric illnesses)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical procedure may have been complete resection, partial resection, or biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has to start gefitinib within 6 weeks of hepatic resection with full recoveryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with positive resection margin or minimal residual disease (< 0.5 cm) are also eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must recover fully from hepatic resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with histologically confirmed high-grade glioma are eligible; diagnosis of high-grade glioma will be made on the basis of needle biopsy, open biopsy, or surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be candidates for planned surgical resection of their primary rectal cancer 8 - 12 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant chemoRT, even if stage IV.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with advanced HCC not amenable for surgical or loco-regional treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor accessible for injection that is classified as borderline-resectable or locally advanced but considered potentially resectable after central review by surgical investigators. Resection may include major vascular resection with reconstruction as needed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXCandidates for a Whipple resection; candidates of the Whipple resection will be excluded based on the written recommendations by surgery, oncology, and/or the patient’s primary care physicianXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be 4 weeks or greater, beyond major surgical procedures such as thoracotomy, laparotomy or joint replacement, and must be 1.5 weeks or greater, beyond minor surgical procedures such as biopsy of subcutaneous tumors, pleuroscopy, etc, and must not have evidence of wound dehiscence, active wound infection, or comparable major residual complications of the surgery.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny condition presenting an unacceptably high anesthetic or surgical riskXx_NEWLINE_xXNeed surgical stabilization of the affected weight bearing bony structure (>7 fracture risk score, see Section 6.9) ORXx_NEWLINE_xXMicroscopically complete resection, defined as no evidence of microscopic residual disease based on surgical reports, histopathology and post-operative imaging. Detailed pathological and surgical reports prepared according to guidelines detailed in appendix x and y should be available for assessment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled to undergo surgical resection in 2 weeks or longerXx_NEWLINE_xXPathological diagnosis of DCIS requiring surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is a candidate for elective rectal resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients having additional surgical procedures which may have affect recoveryXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergone complete resection of primary tumourXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically proven intracranial Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) with diagnosis established by biopsy or resection within 5 weeks prior to enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures =< 28 days of beginning AZD1775, or minor surgical procedures =< 7 days; no waiting period required following port-a-cath or other central venous access placementXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who cannot tolerate intravesical dosing or intravesical surgical manipulationXx_NEWLINE_xXmCRC currently not amenable to surgical intervention due to either medical contraindications or non-resectability of the tumor.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas current NSCLC disease that can be treated with curative intent with surgical resection, localized radiotherapy, or chemoradiationXx_NEWLINE_xXBrain metastases unless treated with curative intent (gamma knife or surgical resection) and without evidence of progression for ? 2 months.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are eligible for surgical resection of the primary breast cancer and targeted dissection of the axillaXx_NEWLINE_xXDocumented metastasis of the primary tumor to the CNS and not a candidate for surgical intervention nor require immediate radiation therapy to relieve symptomsXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures =< 28 days of beginning study treatment, or minor surgical procedures =< 7 days. No waiting period required following port-a-cath placement.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection must be planned as primary therapy with expected adjuvant radiation therapy. Patients are eligible with previous surgical intervention if they have residual or recurrent disease, and it is greater than 4 weeks since surgery and they have fully recovered from surgery.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistological diagnosis must be based on surgical or core biopsy not just fine needle aspiration. Biopsies performed at other institutions must undergo pathology review and confirmation at MD Anderson Cancer Center.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust have undergone a surgical resection with definitive intent, either by open or laparoscopic resection of the primary gastric or GE junction cancer. Patients must have undergone a total gastrectomy, subtotal gastrectomy, or distal gastrectomy (depending on the location of primary gastric lesion) with at least a modified D2 lymphadenectomy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMedical or surgical history that in the treating physician’s opinion would make the subject not a suitable candidate for i.p. therapy; examples would include surgically documented extensive intraperitoneal adhesions or large volume ascitesXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be treated within 6 weeks of most recent resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas not undergone any major surgical procedures for at least 4 weeks, with full healing of all surgical woundsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who had craniotomy with biopsy, subtotal resection, total gross resection, or re-resection will be permitted.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical or medical treatment for pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXAll sites of disease must be resectable or borderline resectable as assessed by a surgical oncologist with experience in retroperitoneal sarcoma resection after discussion in our institutional multidisciplinary sarcoma tumor board conferenceXx_NEWLINE_xXBe appropriate candidates for resection and curative intent therapy in generalXx_NEWLINE_xXAll breast cancers with possibility for surgical excision will be includedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be eligible for surgical resection of their breast cancer or repeat biopsy after completing treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient meets criteria to be a surgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXNot surgical candidate because of significant co-morbidityXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures and open biopsies must be completed >= 28 days prior to randomization with documentation of adequate recovery from associated complications to grade =< 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must be at first relapse of GBM; relapse is defined as progression following initial therapy (i.e. radiation+/- chemo if that was used as initial therapy); the intent therefore is that patients had no more than 1 prior therapy (initial treatment); if the patient had a surgical resection for relapsed disease and no anti-cancer therapy was instituted for up to 12 weeks, and the patient undergoes another surgical resection, this is considered to constitute 1 relapseXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor recurrence or progression documented after previously failing surgical resection, chemotherapy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with oral cavity cancer are excluded from participation if resection of the primary tumor is considered technically feasible by an oral or head and neck cancers surgical subspecialist.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust have had radical surgical resection (e.g. radical cystectomy), performed within the last 120 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients are not eligible who have had major surgery =< 14 days of registration; please contact principle investigator (PI) and quality assurance monitor (QAM) for questions about specific surgical proceduresXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have had at least one episode of disease recurrence in the lungs without limitation on number of episodes of recurrence as long as they meet the following criteria:\r\n* Surgical resection of all possible sites of suspected pulmonary metastases in order to achieve a complete remission within 4 weeks prior to study enrollment**\r\n* Pathologic confirmation of metastases from at least one of the resected sites\r\n** For patients with bilateral pulmonary metastases, resection must be performed from both lungs and the study enrollment must be within 4 weeks from date of the last lung surgery\r\n* Note: If surgery related changes such as atelectasis are seen on the post-operative computed tomography (CT) scan, patients will remain eligible to enroll as long as the operating surgeon believes that all sites of metastases were resected; patients with positive microscopic margins will be eligible to enrollXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with concurrent local and pulmonary recurrence at the time of enrollment; note: patients who had local recurrence previously that has been treated and now present with an isolated pulmonary recurrence and meet the surgical resection criteria stated above will be eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with oral cavity cancer are excluded from participation if the patient is medically operable and resection of the primary tumor is considered technically feasible by an oral or head and neck cancers surgical subspecialist;(please consult the surgical oncology co-principal investigator [PI], Steven Chang, Doctor of Medicine [MD], if clarification is needed on an individual case)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have a primary tumor that are determined by multidisciplinary team (medical oncology, orthopedic/surgical oncology, and radiation oncology) to require radiation therapy for optimal management prior to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone gross total surgical resection of high-risk oral cavity, oropharynx (p16 negative), larynx, or hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) within 63 days prior to registration; note: patients may have a biopsy under general anesthesia in an operating room followed by definitive ablative cancer surgery representing gross total resection; the gross total resection has to be done within 63 days prior to registration; if, however, patients have ablative resection but demonstrate rapid gross recurrence or are determined to have gross persisting disease requiring re-resection to achieve gross total resection, then the patient is not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have at least one of the following high risk pathologic features:\r\n* Extracapsular nodal extension\r\n* Invasive cancer at the primary tumor resection margin (tumor on ink); Note: Patients who have a positive margin and undergo re-resection with final negative margin are eligible only if they can be enrolled within 63 days of initial gross total resection AND extracapsular nodal extension was also present; patients who have a positive margin and undergo re-resection with final negative margin and do not have extracapsular nodal extension, are NOT eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone gross total surgical resection of high-risk oral cavity, oropharynx (p16 negative), larynx, or hypopharynx within 63 days prior to registration; Note: patients may have biopsy under general anesthesia in an operating room followed by definitive ablative cancer surgery representing gross total resection; the gross total resection has to be done within 63 days prior to registration; if, however, patients have ablative resection but shortly recur or are determined to have persisting disease requiring re-resection to achieve gross total resection, then the patient is not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXARM A: Patient for whom surgical resection or liver transplantation would be more appropriateXx_NEWLINE_xXARM B: Patient for whom surgical resection or liver transplantation would be more appropriateXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy other than surgical intervention and corticosteroidsXx_NEWLINE_xXAny tumor-specific or clinical features that make surgical intervention unsafe in the opinion of the treating neurosurgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of >= 4 weeks since surgical resection prior to study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not be eligible for curative liver resection or has refused resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXCohort 1a & 1b patients only: an interval of at least 3 weeks between prior surgical resection to start of study therapy, or one week for stereotactic biopsy to start of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXStereotactic biopsy (without further resection)Xx_NEWLINE_xXComplete surgical resection of metastatic disease (lymph node, in transit, satellite lesion[s], distant metastases) with negative margins on resected specimens as confirmed by pathologic review has not been performed, but is deemed feasible by the treating surgical oncologist; surgical resection of the primary melanoma may or may not have been performedXx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to Day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to Day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior resection of lung cancer is allowed, if at least five years have elapsed between previous resection and registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXMore than 8 weeks between resection and radiosurgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXSevere CD as defined by one of the following:\r\n* CDAI >= 250\r\n* Need for total parenteral nutrition to maintain weight\r\n* Recurrent intestinal inflammation caused by CD following surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for gross total or subtotal resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXMain Inclusion Criteria:\n\n          1. Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas\n\n          2. Chemo naïve patients with advanced/metastatic disease\n\n          3. Documented decision justifying non eligibility for surgical resection. The\n             documentation of the non eligibility for surgical resection will be reviewed by an\n             independent committee.\n\n          4. Men and women, age >18 years\n\n          5. Men and women of childbearing potential (entering the study after a confirmed\n             menstrual period and who have a negative pregnancy test), must agree to use two\n             methods (one for the patient and one for the partner) of medically acceptable forms\n             of contraception during the study and for 3 months after the last treatment intake.\n\n          6. Patient should be able and willing to comply with study visits and procedures as per\n             protocol.\n\n          7. Patient should understand, sign, and date the written voluntary informed consent form\n             at the screening visit prior to any protocol-specific procedures performed.\n\n        Main Exclusion Criteria:\n\n          1. Patient treated for a cancer other than pancreatic cancer within 5 years before\n             enrollment, with the exception of basal cell carcinoma or in situ cervical cancer\n\n          2. Any condition that the physician judges could be detrimental to subjects\n             participating in this study; including any clinically important deviations from\n             normal clinical laboratory values or concurrent medical events Previous treatment\n\n          3. Any anti-tumor therapy (any chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, biologic or\n             hormonal therapy) within 6 months prior to baseline\n\n          4. Treatment with any investigational agent within 4 weeks prior to baselineXx_NEWLINE_xXMain Inclusion Criteria:\n\n          1. Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas\n\n          2. Chemo naïve patients with advanced/metastatic disease\n\n          3. Documented decision justifying non eligibility for surgical resection. The\n             documentation of the non eligibility for surgical resection will be reviewed by an\n             independent committee.\n\n          4. Men and women, age >18 years\n\n          5. Men and women of childbearing potential (entering the study after a confirmed\n             menstrual period and who have a negative pregnancy test), must agree to use two\n             methods (one for the patient and one for the partner) of medically acceptable forms\n             of contraception during the study and for 3 months after the last treatment intake.\n\n          6. Patient should be able and willing to comply with study visits and procedures as per\n             protocol.\n\n          7. Patient should understand, sign, and date the written voluntary informed consent form\n             at the screening visit prior to any protocol-specific procedures performed.\n\n        Main Exclusion Criteria:\n\n          1. Patient treated for a cancer other than pancreatic cancer within 5 years before\n             enrollment, with the exception of basal cell carcinoma or in situ cervical cancer\n\n          2. Any condition that the physician judges could be detrimental to subjects\n             participating in this study; including any clinically important deviations from\n             normal clinical laboratory values or concurrent medical events Previous treatment\n\n          3. Any anti-tumor therapy (any chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, biologic or\n             hormonal therapy) within 6 months prior to baseline\n\n          4. Treatment with any investigational agent within 4 weeks prior to baselineXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical treatment of the breast must have been lumpectomy; the margins of the resected specimen must be histologically free of tumor (negative surgical margins per National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project [NSABP] criteria)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical margins that cannot be microscopically assessed or that are positiveXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have unresectable disease, be medically inoperable, or unwilling to undergo surgical managementXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have had significant vascular disease (i.e. Moya-Moya, aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g. aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who may benefit from surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy other than surgical intervention and corticosteroidsXx_NEWLINE_xXAll disease should be deemed resectable based on imaging studies e.g.:\r\n* Hepatic metastases (unilateral or bilateral =< 5 lesions, =< 15 cm total diameter)\r\n** Note: Hepatic lesions must be amenable to complete resection\r\n* Primary peritoneal metastases (small disease load =< P2 disease) without massive ascites or intestinal obstruction\r\n* Lung metastases (=< 3 unilateral/bilateral, 9 cm total diameter)\r\n** Note: lung lesions must be amenable to complete resection\r\n** Note: Patients with both pulmonary and hepatic metastases will be enrolled at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI)\r\n** Note: In situations where resection to completeness of cytoreduction score (CC) 0 or 1 is uncertain, patients may undergo diagnostic laparoscopy prior to enrollment to determine feasibility of resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXIf patient goes on to have an open thoracotomy as part of surgical treatment they will not be enrolledXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have non-metastatic pancreatic cancer not immediately amenable to surgical resection; these are defined as follows\r\n* No distant metastases\r\n* Any involvement (defined as loss of fat plane on contrast CT) of any of the following vessels:\r\n** Hepatic artery \r\n** Superior mesenteric artery \r\n** Celiac axis \r\n** Superior mesenteric vein \r\n** Aorta\r\n* Metastases to lymph nodes beyond the field of resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical procedure involving peri-rectal and peri-prostatic areaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with positive or close (< 3 mm) resection marginsXx_NEWLINE_xXFailure to recover fully (as judged by the investigator) from prior surgical procedures, or failure to recover from adverse events (grade =< 1) due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlierXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior surgical excision in the index breast for current DCIS diagnosis of DCISXx_NEWLINE_xXIf there was a total or partial thyroidectomy completed within 3 months of enrollment, the surgical specimen must show the area of anaplastic thyroid cancer to be at least 1 cm in greatest dimensionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have recovered from any surgical procedure before enrolling on this study:\r\n* Patients with a major surgical procedure within 28 days prior to enrollment should be excluded\r\n* Patients with an intermediate surgical procedure within 14 days prior to enrollment should be excluded\r\n* For minor surgical procedures (including Broviac line or infusaport placement), patients should not receive the first planned dose of bevacizumab until the wound is healed and at least 7 days have elapsed\r\n* There should be no anticipation of need for major surgical procedures during the course of the study\r\n** Examples of major, intermediate, or minor surgical procedures:\r\n*** Major procedures: Major craniotomy for tumor resection; organ resection; bowel wall anastomosis; arteriovenous grafts; exploratory laparotomy; thoracotomy\r\n*** Intermediate procedures: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP)-shunt placement; stereotactic brain biopsy\r\n*** Minor procedures: Incision and drainage of superficial skin abscesses; punch biopsy of skin lesions; superficial skin wound suturing; bone marrow aspirate and/or biopsy; fine needle aspirations; Broviac line or infusaport placement; paracentesis or thoracocentesis\r\n* Please note: Lumbar punctures or placement of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines are not considered minor procedures and may occur at any time prior to or during therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have had surgical resection at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), for which a separate informed consent was signed for the collection of their tumor prior to surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical consultation to confirm that patient will be able to undergo curative resection after completion of chemoradiation within 56 days prior to step 2 registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who cannot tolerate intravesical dosing or intravesical surgical manipulationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients enrolled after August 28, 2011 must be candidates for cytoreductive surgery and consent to have their surgical treatment determined by randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXThis eligibility criterion does not apply to patients enrolled after August 28, 2011; patients who are not candidates for surgical cytoreduction are eligible for the chemotherapy randomization; patients are not considered candidates for surgical cytoreduction if complete cytoreduction in the estimation of the investigator is impossible or a medical infirmity precludes exploration and debulkingXx_NEWLINE_xXRecovery from primary local surgical treatment, radiotherapy or orchiectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone surgical resection with curative intent within 6 months of enrollment; neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and/or chemoradiation will be allowed as long as no more than 6 months have passed between surgical resection and enrollment; if patients receive sequential chemotherapy and radiation, they are allowed 9 months between surgical resection and enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have completed a surgical debulking procedure, or be candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXInadequate response, relapse, and/or unacceptable toxicity with ? 1 prior systemic, surgical, or radiation cancer therapies.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have undergone surgical resection to remove one or more sites of metastatic disease, with successful removal of all known sites 2-12 weeks prior to randomization; any number of prior metastasectomies may have been performed in the past, so long as the most recent procedure was within the 12 weeks of registration; the most recent procedure may be nephrectomy for a renal primary tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXPositive surgical margins are permitted if the surgeon confirms complete resection of gross metastatic disease, and post-operative scans are negativeXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has been previously treated with LifeSeal™ Surgical Sealant.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject received intra-operative sealant, glue or any buttressing material other than the LifeSeal™ Surgical Sealant.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject is going through another surgical procedure (other than ileostomy or adhesiolysis) during the surgery.Xx_NEWLINE_xXInadequate response, relapse, and/or unacceptable toxicity with one or more prior systemic, surgical, or radiation cancer therapies, and for whom curative standard therapy is not an option (except patients with NSCLC who must have experienced either an inadequate response, relapse, and/or unacceptable toxicity with two or more prior systemic, surgical, or radiation cancer therapies)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures within 14 days of administration of crenolanib (does not include line placement as needed for chemotherapy administration).Xx_NEWLINE_xXHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)\r\n* Not eligible for curative attempt resection or liver transplantXx_NEWLINE_xXClinical staged III or IV HNSCC that is not amenable to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are receiving adjuvant chemoradiation after surgical resection of the primary site of diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXThe recurrent or the second primary tumor is unresectable, the patient elects against surgical resection; patients who underwent surgery who has indications for postoperative radiation therapy is also eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of gastrointestinal perforation or fistula in the past 6 months, or while previously on antiangiogenic therapy, unless underlying risk has been resolved (e.g., through surgical resection or repair)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have had a previous surgical resection; however, patients may have undergone exploratory thoracotomy, mediastinoscopy, excisional biopsy or similar surgery for the purpose of determining the diagnosis, stage or potential resectability of newly diagnosed lung tumor; at least 28 days must have elapsed since thoracic surgery (excluding mediastinoscopy or other minor surgeries) and patients should have recovered from all associated toxicities at the time of registration; patients must not be planning to undergo a minor surgical procedure while on this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone a full surgical resection (radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy), including removal of all clinically positive nodes; surgical margins must be negative; patients with positive renal vein margins are eligible unless there is invasion of the renal vein wall at the margin (provided no other margins are positive); patients must plan to start study drug within 84 days after the date of full surgical resection; patients must have recovered from any surgical related complicationsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with bilateral renal tumors are eligible provided both tumors have undergone full surgical resection and at least one of the tumors meets all eligibility criteria; patients must plan to start study drug within 84 days after the date of the resection of the first tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to study enrolment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistological diagnosis of ATC made through surgical resection is also acceptable.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have surgical consult to verify patient is a surgical candidate within 21 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically confirmed diagnosis of stage IIIB, IIIC or IVM1a melanoma eligible for complete surgical resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with gross residual or metastatic tumor findings following complete surgical treatment for uterine LMSXx_NEWLINE_xXIf surgical margin status cannot be determined after consultation with the operating surgeon and the institutional pathologist, the patient will be ineligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXGross total resection of the primary tumor with curative intent must be completed within 7 weeks of registration with surgical pathology demonstrating one or more of the following “intermediate” risk factors:\r\n* Perineural invasion\r\n* Lymphovascular invasion\r\n* Single lymph node > 3 cm or >= 2 lymph nodes (all < 6 cm) (no extracapsular extension)\r\n* Close margin(s) of resection, defined as cancer extending to within 5 mm of a surgical margin, and/or an initially focally positive margin that is subsequently superseded by intraoperative negative margins; similarly, patients whose tumors had focally positive margins in the main specimen but negative margins from re-excised samples in the region of the positive margin are eligible; for questions or ambiguities about an individual case, contact Dr. Machtay and/or Dr. Holsinger prior to enrolling the patient\r\n* Pathologically confirmed T3 or T4a primary tumor; for questions or ambiguities about an individual case, contact Dr. Machtay and/or Dr. Holsinger prior to enrolling the patient\r\n* T2 oral cavity cancer with > 5 mm depth of invasionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with paronychia requiring surgical intervention at baselineXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipant must have metastatic or advanced NSCLC (Stage IIIB or IV) that is not amenable to surgical resection or radiation or chemoradiation with curative intent at time of study screening.Xx_NEWLINE_xXBiopsy proven supratentorial GBM that has not undergone previous surgical resection, radiation and/or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXMalabsorption, total gastric resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXUnstable angina or angina requiring surgical or medical intervention; and/orXx_NEWLINE_xXOnce randomized at day 1, subject must maintain ADT with an LHRH agonist or antagonist during study treatment or have a history of bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., medical or surgical castration).Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically confirmed advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, not eligible for surgical and/or locoregional therapies; or progressive disease after surgical and /or locoregional therapiesXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/antagonist or prior bilateral orchiectomy (medical or surgical castration);Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients are excluded if they have had a biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects of 18 years or older (men and women) with histologically confirmed advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, not eligible for surgical and/or locoregional therapies; or progressive disease after surgical and /or locoregional therapiesXx_NEWLINE_xXMeasurable disease by RECIST 1.1 criteria. Target lesions selected for tumor measurements should be those where surgical resection or radiation are not indicated or anticipated.Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient must have had an en bloc complete gross resection of tumor (curative resection) by open laparotomy or laparoscopically-assisted colectomy. The distal extent of the tumor must have been greater than or equal to 12 cm from the anal verge. (Patients who have had a two-stage surgical procedure to first provide a decompression colostomy and then in a later procedure to have a surgical resection are eligible.)Xx_NEWLINE_xXUnstable angina or angina requiring surgical or medical intervention; and/orXx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures, fine needle aspirations or core biopsies within 7 days prior to Day 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologic or cytologic evidence of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, such as a core tissue biopsy or a surgical resection specimen.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with biliary or gastro-duodenal obstruction must have drainage or surgical bypass prior to starting chemotherapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject must have advanced solid tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection or other approved therapeutic options that have demonstrated clinical benefit.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of gastrointestinal perforation or fistula in the past 6 months, or while previously on antiangiogenic therapy, unless underlying risk has been resolved (e.g., through surgical resection or repair)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with initial surgical treatment, radical or modified neck dissection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXOne of the following pathologic T-classifications: pT2 or pT3\r\n* Patients with positive surgical margins are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to cycle 1, day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 calendar days prior to the first dose of bevacizumabXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or a surgical/medical castration with testosterone level of ?1.73nmol/L (50ng/dL)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedure(s) within 7 days of enrollment or randomization, or not yet recovered from prior surgery (placement of central venous access device, fine needle aspiration, or endoscopic biliary stent ? 1 day before enrollment or randomization is acceptable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMetastatic disease not amenable to surgical curative treatment and eligible to receive therapy with mFOLFOX6 (Leucovorin/5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin) + bevacizumab.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who had craniotomy with biopsy, subtotal resection, total gross resection, or re-resection will be permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXHad a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia or inpatient hospitalization for recovery less than 4 weeks prior to beginning protocol therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of >= 4 weeks since surgical resection prior to entry in to the trialXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have a histologically confirmed or highly suspected (as determined by treating physician) solid tumor that is planned for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be able to undergo surgical resection of their tumor as determined by the treating surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXHave a history of traumatic or surgical castrationXx_NEWLINE_xXAny significant concurrent medical or surgical conditions or findings that would jeopardize the participant's safety or ability to complete the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1 of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical margins which cannot be microscopically assessed or are positive at pathological evaluationXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection or major surgery within 4 weeks or stereotactic biopsy within 1 week of first G-202 treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have had all gross disease resected (R0 or R1 resection)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who underwent an R2 resection are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had any surgical procedure, excluding central venous catheter placement or other minor procedures (e.g. skin biopsy) within 14 days of day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical arterial-portal venous shunt or arterial-venous shuntXx_NEWLINE_xXStage IIIB, IIIC, IVM1a, IVM1b, or IVM1c disease that is not suitable for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection within 90 days of first dosingXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have undergone recent resection of recurrent or progressive tumor will be eligible as long as all of the following conditions apply: \r\n* Prior to initiating therapy, 4 weeks must have elapsed since surgery; \r\n* Subjects must have recovered from surgical-related trauma; \r\n* Wound healing needs to have occurredXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have had surgical resection of some or all sites of hepatoblastoma prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with stage I or II disease who do not have specimens submitted for rapid central pathology review by day 14 after initial surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must begin radiation therapy within 30 days of surgery or radiographic diagnosis, whichever is the later date; date of surgery or radiographic diagnosis is considered day 1 (radiation treatment must start no later than day 31); if a patient has a biopsy followed by a surgical resection then the date of the surgical resection is considered day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to registration will not be eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of extrauterine spread of disease on imaging or during surgical evaluationXx_NEWLINE_xXBaseline MRI must be obtained ? 4 weeks after surgical resection but within 2 weeks prior to randomization.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair, or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to Day 1 of treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny other significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, or carotid stenosis that requires medical or surgical intervention, including angioplasty or stenting)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedure =< 7 days prior to randomization; exception: insertion of an indwelling catheter or percutaneous needle biopsy =< 48 hours prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXUnhealed surgical wound at time of treatment, or history of unhealed surgical wound for more than 30 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXInsufficient recovery from surgical-related trauma or wound healingXx_NEWLINE_xXCircumferential resection margin: CRM+ (Positive)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures such as mediport placement or core biopsies within 7 days of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must have a target meningioma that is not amenable to surgery due to patient preference or high risk for surgical complicationsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical resection and radiation therapy for the progressive meningioma are not required for study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xX• Subject is undergoing a laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, or robotic surgical procedure;Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject is undergoing an emergency surgical procedure;Xx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing androgen depletion therapy with a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone analog or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (surgical or medical castration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXCNS complications for whom urgent neurosurgical intervention is indicated (e.g., resection, shunt placement)Xx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnosis must be made by surgical excision, either partial or complete; stereotactic biopsy will not be allowed; maximal safe surgical resection is requiredXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be medically fit enough to undergo surgery as determined by the treating medical and surgical oncology teamXx_NEWLINE_xXCurrent diagnosis of histological or cytopathological HNSCC malignancy borderline resectable stage III up to stage IVb (T1-4, N0-2, M0) or unresectable stage IV with high nodal status defined as >= N2b (by the American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] 7th Edition Staging) that is amenable or appropriate for curative treatment; borderline resectability is assessed; NOTE: surgical unresectability will be defined as the combination of the treating surgeon’s judgment of unresectability plus one of the following objective criteria:\r\n* Encasement of tumor or nodes to the carotid artery or 3/4 encasement of the carotid artery\r\n* Involvement of prevertebral musculature\r\n* Need for glossectomy or extensive glossal resection where functional outcome is considered unacceptable to surgeon or patient\r\n* Involvement of the cervical spine\r\n* Severe, unacceptable functional deficit that would result from any proposed definitive surgical resection\r\n** NOTE: the principal investigator (PI) of the study, Dr. Mendez, is a surgical ear, nose and throat (ENT) (head and neck) oncologist and all HNSCC cases will be discussed at the University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance weekly tumor conference where two other ENT surgical oncologists, and co-investigators in this study, will help assess resectability; as surgical unresectability may vary from patient to patient based on individual anatomy, treating physicians may, with the approval of the surgical team, declare a tumor not meeting the above criteria to be unresectable; in this case, the reason for unresectability should be documented in the medical record; medical co-morbidity and poor performance status may not be used to declare a patient unresectableXx_NEWLINE_xXHas contraindications to cryotherapy of the prostate, including: previous transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) with persistent transurethral resection (TUR) defect, existing peri-anal or recto-urethral fistula, previous external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy, coagulopathy, inability to tolerate anesthesia (spinal or general), inability to tolerate transrectal ultrasound (i.e. history of previous abdominal perineal resection)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone resection of primary diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical treatment for this diagnosisXx_NEWLINE_xXDeemed a poor surgical risk per primary medical doctorXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical treatment of the breast must have been lumpectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical margins that cannot be microscopically assessed or that are positiveXx_NEWLINE_xXRecurrence may occur after any treatment: recurrence after whole-brain radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy are all acceptableXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to other recurrent lesions in the same patient are acceptable, provided one recurrent lesion remains untreatedXx_NEWLINE_xXIncompletely healed surgical incision prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXDuctal breast carcinoma in situ with full surgical resection (i.e., negative margins)Xx_NEWLINE_xXA diagnosis of PVNS or GCT-TS (i) that has been histologically confirmed either by a pathologist at the treating institution or a central pathologist, and (ii) where surgical resection would be associated with potentially worsening functional limitation or severe morbidity (locally advanced disease), with morbidity determined consensually by qualified personnel (eg, two surgeons or a multi-disciplinary tumor board).Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be at first or second relapse and clinically require reoperation for tumor progression within 4 to 6 weeks; Note: relapse is defined as progression following initial therapy (i.e., radiation, chemotherapy, or radiation + chemotherapy); if the participant had a surgical resection for relapsed disease and no anti-tumor therapy instituted for up to 12 weeks, this is considered one relapse; for participants who had prior therapy for a low grade glioma, the surgical diagnosis of a high grade glioma will be considered first relapseXx_NEWLINE_xXBe at first or second relapse; Note: relapse is defined as progression following initial therapy (i.e., radiation +/- chemotherapy); if the participant had a surgical resection for relapsed disease and no antitumor therapy was instituted for up to 12 weeks, this is considered one relapse; for participants who had prior therapy for a low-grade glioma, the surgical diagnosis of a high-grade glioma will be considered the first relapseXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 4 weeks (to start of study agent) between prior surgical resection or one week for stereotactic biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor Eligilbility Criteria\n\n          1. Signed written informed consent must be obtained and documented according to\n             International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) and local regulatory requirements.\n\n          2. A histologically confirmed supratentorial glioblastoma (GBM) at first\n             recurrence/progression (except for transformation from previous low grade glioma)\n             following standard front-line therapy, for which treatment with temozolomide (TMZ)\n             would be acceptable as determined by the Investigator\n\n          3. Previously received standard front-line GBM treatment including maximal surgical\n             resection followed by external beam radiation therapy.\n\n          4. Patients may or may not be candidates for repeat surgical resection of the\n             recurrent/progressed GBM.\n\n          5. Patients must have unequivocal evidence of tumor recurrence/progression by MRI at a\n             minimum of 12 weeks following completion of chemoradiation or radiation therapy.\n\n          6. Patients must have measurable or non-measurable disease by response assessment in\n             neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria\n\n          7. ?18 years of age.\n\n          8. Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is not a surgical candidate due to medical comorbidities determined by a thoracic surgeon or patient refusalXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically confirmed diagnosis of supratentorial WHO grade III or IV glioma (high grade glioma) that has undergone surgical biopsy or resection followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, that has evidence of recurrence or progression based on imaging studies and a stereotactic biopsy is indicated for confirmation of recurrence/progressionXx_NEWLINE_xXMust be deemed a candidate for curative resection by the surgical oncologist who will be performing the operationXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject must have NSCLC that is not amenable to surgical resection or radiation with curative intent at time of screening.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior transurethral resection of the prostate with a large tissue defect (at the discretion of the investigator)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has an unhealed surgical woundXx_NEWLINE_xXR1 or R2 resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be eligible for radical cystectomy and refuse this standard of care treatment or not be a surgical candidate for radical cystectomy based on other comorbiditiesXx_NEWLINE_xXDocumented tumor recurrence or progression after failing prior surgical resection, chemotherapy, or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXNot undergoing surgical resection or for whom gross total resection is not possibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be a surgical candidate for radical prostatectomy based on standard workup of PSA, biopsy results, and if necessary supplemental imagingXx_NEWLINE_xXUnstable bone in the target lesion requiring surgical stabilization prior to radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures ?28 days of beginning study drug or minor surgical procedures ?7 days. No waiting is required following port-a-cath placement.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have an intraperitoneal (IP) port in place; if a patient does not have an IP port, she must be willing to undergo surgical placement of oneXx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure (excluding placement of a vascular access device, paracentesis, and/or thoracentesis) within 7 days prior to the first date of bevacizumab therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject must have advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC that is not amenable to surgical resection or radiation with curative intent at time of study Screening.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with recurrent squamous NSCLC after surgical treatment that is not amenable to surgical resection or radiation with curative intent are eligible.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects are only eligible if complete resection of a plexiform neurofibroma with acceptable morbidity is not feasible, or if a subject with surgical option refuses surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXHave at least 1 measurable lesion per RECIST v1.1. Note: Previously irradiated lesions may not be used for target lesions, unless there is unambiguous radiological progression after radiotherapy. Brain lesions may not be used as target lesions if they were: 1) previously treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) within 3 months, or 2) previously treated by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or surgical resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must be at least 4 weeks from prior surgical procedures and surgical incisions must be healedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient should have surgery (biopsy, partial resection or gross total resection) and no additional anti-cancer therapy except the chemoradiation as specified in the protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue (agonist or antagonist) or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration).Xx_NEWLINE_xXVasectomy or surgical castration at least 6 months prior to Screening.Xx_NEWLINE_xXat least 4 weeks since craniotomy and resection or stereotactic radiosurgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma tumors potentially curable by surgical excision alone as determined by the Principal Investigator in discussions with the surgical consultantsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have a histologically verified diagnosis of craniopharyngioma\r\n* Stratum 1: patients with progressive unresectable or recurrent craniopharyngiomas treated with surgery alone, who have not received radiation therapy; patients with unresectable craniopharyngiomas, (i.e. residual measurable disease following surgical resection) will be enrolled at the time of progression\r\n* Stratum 2: patients with progressive or recurrent craniopharyngiomas following radiation therapy; the patient must be at least 6 months post irradiation to be eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXStratum 1 patients: must not have had > 3 surgical debulking procedures/resectionsXx_NEWLINE_xXAchieved a gross total or sub-total resection at time of surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are not surgical candidates due to medical co-morbiditiesXx_NEWLINE_xXNo plans for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of HPV associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (tonsil, base of tongue, or oropharyngeal walls) from surgical resection or excisional biopsy regardless of margin status\r\n* Squamous cell carcinoma of the neck of unknown primary is allowed with excision biopsy of a lymph node (or core biopsy) and consent from the principal investigator (PI) or co-PIs (Dr. Nancy Lee, Dr. Eric Sherman, or Dr. Nadeem Riaz)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical or other wounds must be adequately healed prior to enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXDisease eligible for potentially curative treatment with standard chemotherapy, surgical resection, or chemoradiotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must maintain ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a GnRH analogue, antagonist, or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubmission of research blood draw to be stored until after surgical resection of the primary tumor and confirmation of human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity (Mayo Clinic Rochester patients only)Xx_NEWLINE_xXGross total surgical resection with curative intent of the primary tumor and at least unilateral neck dissection within 7 weeks of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPresence of any of the following risk factors after surgery:\r\n* Any positive surgical margin\r\n* Adenopathy below the claviclesXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have had treatment for no more than 2 prior relapses; relapse is defined as progression following initial therapy (i.e. radiation +/- chemotherapy [chemo] if that was used as initial therapy); the intent therefore is that patients had no more than 3 prior therapies (initial and treatment for 2 relapses); if the patient had a surgical resection for relapsed disease and no anti-cancer therapy was instituted for up to 12 weeks, and the patient undergoes another surgical resection, this is considered as 1 relapse; for patients who had prior therapy for a low-grade glioma, the surgical diagnosis of a high-grade glioma will be considered the first relapseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are eligible for curative treatment (ablation or resection or transplantation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have an intercurrent illness likely to interfere with protocol therapy or prevent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with unhealed surgical wounds for more than 30 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXAgree to the evaluation of already collected core biopsy, as well as surgical resection tissue, for predictive biomarkers; the biopsy prior to taxol #1 is optionalXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had any surgical procedure, excluding central venous catheter placement or other minor procedures (e.g. skin biopsy) within 14 days of day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be deemed a surgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant gastrointestinal disorder(s), in the opinion of the Principal Investigator, (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, extensive gastric resection and small intestinal resection)Xx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnosis must be made by surgical biopsy or excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically proven solid tumor malignancy with metastasis to the spine; diagnosis may be acquired from needle biopsy, cytology, or surgical biopsy or resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient must have undergone surgical resection (gross total, subtotal, or biopsy) of the spinal lesion(s) no more than 16 weeks prior to SRS treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXEndometrial cancer patients must have underwent surgical treatment (total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo oophorectomy [TAH/BSO]) and radiation therapy (EBRT or IVRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXIncomplete recovery from any prior surgical procedures or had surgery =< 4 weeks prior to registration, excluding the placement of vascular accessXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients having undergone recent resection of their glioblastoma (within 5 weeks prior to registration) must have recovered from the effects of surgery; for CNS related core or needle biopsies, a minimum of 7 days must have elapsed prior to registration\r\n* Residual disease following resection of recurrent glioblastoma is not mandated for eligibility into the study; to best assess the extent of residual disease post-operatively, a post-operative or intra-operative MRI scan (or CT scan for patients with non-compatible devices) must be performed prior to registration and should be within 96 hours post surgery (although 24 hours would be optimum)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to Day 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with unknown primaries are included if the diagnosis and resection of a primary site in the oropharynx is made from an endoscopic or robotic surgical procedure (s)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have gross residual and/or microscopic disease present after surgery including re-resection(s), per the operative and pathology reportXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be adequately recovered from surgery, radiation therapy, or any surgical complications prior to enrollment; in general, this means patients will be off antibiotics from wound infections and drains removed; however if necessary, patients can be treated with a drain in place at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI) if the 90 days window is about to expireXx_NEWLINE_xXCohorts 1 and 2: In addition, patients have to meet one of the following high risk conditions: \r\n* Age >= 40 with any extent resection \r\n* Age 16-39 with incomplete resection (post-op MRI showing > 1 cm residual disease, based on the maximum dimension of residual T2 or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR] abnormality from the edge of the surgical cavity either laterally, anteroposteriorly, or superoinferiorly)\r\n* Age 16-39 with neurosurgeon-defined gross total resection (GTR) but the tumor size is >= 4 cm (the maximum preoperative tumor diameter, based on the axial and/or coronal T2 or FLAIR magnetic resonance [MR] images)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have a history of gastric resection (MTD expansion cohort only)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave histologically confirmed epithelial or biphasic MPM not amenable to potentially curative surgical resection (subjects with biphasic tumors that have a predominantly (?50%) sarcomatoid component will be excluded)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures except placement of tunneled central venous access device within 3 days prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXLess than 7 days have passed from core biopsies or other minor surgical procedures excluding placement of a vascular access deviceXx_NEWLINE_xXConfirmation of resectability by surgical oncology consultation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures within 14 days of Day 1 administration of crenolanib.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas failed prior standard therapy including maximal safe surgical resection, radiation therapy (when appropriate for the specific cancer type), and systemic therapy\r\n* For diagnosis of GBM: has undergone maximal safe surgical resection, a course of postoperative radiation therapy with concurrent temozolomide, and maintenance temozolomide\r\n* For diagnosis of meningioma: has no other option of standard therapy such as surgical resection (partial or total resection) or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXLess than 4 weeks from surgery or insufficient recovery from surgical-related trauma or wound healingXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior locoregional therapy for metastatic disease including surgical resection, microwave ablation, cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, or radiation are eligible providing the measurable disease is clearly manifest and is outside of the radiation port or ablation field; patients who have received liver directed treatments such as yttrium-90 radioembolization or transarterial chemoembolization are eligible if their measurable disease is outside of the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgery within 4 weeks of enrollment; any and all surgical incisions must be fully healed prior to study enrollment; Note: recent port placement for chemotherapy administration is not considered an exclusionary surgical incisionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with evidence of soft tissue involvement by gross extranodal extension of tumor manifest by fixation to the fascia, or matting of nodal tissue that would compromise surgical resection as determined by the surgical oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical resection allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXAny previous radiation to sites of planned SRS; a patient may be deemed eligible in this case if a non-radiation mode of local ablation such as surgical resection is deemed safe and feasible by the principal investigator (PI)Xx_NEWLINE_xXFor stage I seminoma patients only, definitive surgical intervention within ten weeks prior to registration; patients undergoing scrotal violations (scrotal orchiectomy, transscrotal biopsy, testicular fine needle aspiration, scrotal exploration) will be eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXIncomplete definitive surgical orchiectomy, including diagnostic biopsy aloneXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g. aortic aneurysm surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) =< 6 months prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are not candidates for interval surgical debulking secondary to significant medical comorbiditiesXx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients must be surgical candidates for complete hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXLocally recurrent disease must not be amenable to surgical resection or radiation with curative intent.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had prior cranial surgery are eligible, provided that there is evidence of measurable residual or progressive lesions, and at least 2 weeks have passed since surgery; if a patient has surgical resection followed by WBRT, then there must be evidence of progressive CNS disease after the completion of WBRTXx_NEWLINE_xXIndividuals who do not meet criteria for cohort 1 (progressive disease) or cohort 2 (eligible for surgery) are not eligible for enrollment (i.e. patients with previously untreated disease that is not amenable/planned for surgical resection are not eligible)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day -3Xx_NEWLINE_xXCare biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to day 1; (minor surgical procedures include minimally invasive procedures such as fine needle aspiration, core biopsy, etc. requiring little if any supportive care excluding lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspiration/biopsy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical endoscopic intervention within the past six months for Spigelman Stage 3 or 4 that may have been down staged to Spigelman 1 or 2.Xx_NEWLINE_xXA solitary liver metastasis that is amenable to surgical removal for potential cureXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is not a surgical candidate or tumor is not surgically resectable, as documented by surgical oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who experience surgical complications which prevent radiation from starting for 3 months or moreXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be registered on study within 16 weeks after the surgical procedure that established the diagnosis of High Grade Glioma.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have received no previous radiotherapy, surgical resection, chemotherapy or investigational drug therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had previous radiotherapy, surgical resection, chemotherapy or investigational drug therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with measurable brain metastasis who have not been or will not be treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or surgical resection (Note: these treatment options are only permitted at relapse)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave serious preexisting medical conditions that, in the judgment of the investigator, would preclude participation in this study (for example, history of major surgical resection involving the stomach or small bowel)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device within 7 days prior to starting drugXx_NEWLINE_xXResection cavity must measure < 5.0 cm in maximal extent on the post-operative MRI or CT brain scan obtained =< 35 days prior to pre-registration; Note: it is permissible for the resection of a dominant brain metastasis to include a smaller “satellite” metastasis as long as the single resection cavity is less than the maximum size requirementsXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants need not have measurable disease; lesion may be primary or recurrent after prior surgery; patient tumor status:\r\n* Status post biopsy only and no further surgery planned\r\n* Status post resection with gross residual disease\r\n* Status post grossly complete resection but with margins positive or close (=< 10 mm)\r\n* Status post biopsy and patient to have additional surgery and radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXI 03. Progressive disease while receiving hormonal therapy or after surgical castration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMetastatic disease not amenable to surgical resection with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures (needle/laparoscopic core biopsies) for limited purposes of tissue retrieval will be allowed; patients should not receive the first planned dose of bevacizumab until the wound is healed and 7 days have elapsed since the procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXLocal failure after surgical resection will be considered a metastatic lesion for purposes of protocol inclusionXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing androgen depletion therapy with a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogue or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to Day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures such as placement of Port-a-Cath, stereotactic biopsy, fine needle aspirations, or core biopsies within 7 days prior to Day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistopathologically confirmed newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme; diagnosis must be made by surgical biopsy or excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXThere is a planned definitive surgical resection of the primary tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXThe participant must have undergone definitive surgical treatment for the current malignancy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXFinal surgical margins negative defined as no tumor on ink; lobular carcinoma in situ involving the final surgical margin will be disregardedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be enrolled on the trial within 12 weeks of the later of two dates: the final breast conserving surgical procedure or administration of the last cycle of cytotoxic chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must meet the following criteria for unresectability as determined by two hepatobiliary surgeons and one radiologist:\r\n* When a margin negative resection would require resection of all three hepatic veins, both portal veins, or the retrohepatic vena cava\r\n* Requiring a resection that leaves less than 2 hepatic segments (not including the caudate lobe) behind with adequate arterial/portal inflow, venous outflow and biliary drainage\r\n** A patient is considered resectable if the procedure includes a minor wedge or thermo-ablation encompassing 10% or less of the volume of the remaining 2 segments\r\n* Patient’s liver metastases must comprise < 70% of the liver parenchyma; all patients must be clinically fit to undergo surgery as determined by the pre-operative evaluationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should not be candidates for further surgical resection or definitive tumor-directed radiation therapy (XRT) based upon prior therapies and/or extent of disease at recurrenceXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must have undergone primary gross total resection (no re-resected patients are allowed) with fulfillment of at least 1 of the following histologic criteria for high-risk disease:Xx_NEWLINE_xXClose (<3mm) or positive surgical margins on microscopic evaluation with no gross residual tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXvasectomized partner (if vasectomized is the sole sexual partner and has received medical confirmation of surgical success)Xx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients in Arm A, if the diagnostic pathology of the biopsy specimen is not consistent with recurrent glioblastoma (for example, only reactive gliosis or necrosis is detected), then the subject will be taken off study and be replaced with another subject that meets the inclusion criteria and is eligible for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xX(continued from no. 19) Core biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to the first date of bevacizumab therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically documented malignant pleural mesothelioma, epithelial, sarcomatoid or mixed type, not amenable to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for curative therapy including surgical resection or orthotopic liver transplantationXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must have undergone biopsy or attempted surgical resection and\r\nmust have histologically confirmed medulloblastoma or pineoblastoma; confirmation\r\nof pathology at treating institution is preferred prior to beginning study treatment, but may be received two weeks after radiation startXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants may have had a gross total resection, sub-total resection or biopsy\r\nonlyXx_NEWLINE_xXNonmalignant systemic disease (cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, etc.) that would preclude the patient from being subjected to surgical excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone gross total resection and have no detectable residual disease are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be at least two weeks post any brain surgery (whether stereotactic biopsy, open biopsy or resection) at the time of randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be considered candidates for SRS within 30 days of surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical or other non-healing wounds, other than KS ulcersXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of extrauterine spread of disease on imaging or during surgical evaluationXx_NEWLINE_xXa debulking transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is not acceptable once the screening biopsy for patient selection has been conducted;Xx_NEWLINE_xXprior significant rectal surgery (hemorrhoidectomy is acceptable; rectal resection/fissure repair are excluded);Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical drain output > 500 cc of bloody fluid during first 8 hoursXx_NEWLINE_xXHas previously undergone a left sided colon resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas previously undergone a rectal resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xX“Failure” of prior therapy is defined as:\r\n* A > 25% increase in the products of perpendicular diameters of measurable tumor masses during prior therapy which are not amenable to surgical resection\r\n* The presence of new tumors which are not amenable to surgical resection\r\n* An increase in AFP or beta-hCG (two separate determinations at least one week apart are required if rising tumor markers are the only evidence of failure)\r\nNOTE: subjects with clinically growing “teratoma” (normal declining tumor markers and radiographic or clinical progression) should be considered for surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects are eligible after first line platinum based chemotherapy if their disease has relapsed and they have primary mediastinal non seminomatous germ cell tumor (PMNSGCT) or late relapse (> 2 years) not amenable to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for surgical resection, transplantation, or local ablation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have required any treatment (medical or surgical) for bowel obstruction prior to diagnosis of bladder cancer or who have required surgical treatment for bowel obstruction after the cystectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with tumors whose resection would necessitate a free-tissue transfer for reconstruction of the surgical defectXx_NEWLINE_xXAdditional non-kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty surgical treatment is required for the index vertebra(e),Xx_NEWLINE_xXMedical/surgical conditions contrary to the kyphoplasty procedure (e.g., presence of active or incompletely treated local infection, severe pulmonary insufficiency),Xx_NEWLINE_xXFor subjects receiving adjuvant therapy only, time between definitive surgery and randomization must be ? 12 weeks. Definitive surgery may include secondary interventions (e.g. to clear inadequate surgical margins)Xx_NEWLINE_xXR0 or R1 resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXNo plans for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be eligible for curative intent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must continue to be eligible for curative intent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXMetastatic CRC not amenable to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXBrain lesions must be 1) supratentorial, 2) ten lesions or less, and 3) not considered a candidate for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed localized (T1N1-3M0 or T2-4NanyM0, stage IB-III) Siewert type 1 or type 2 esophageal adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection as determined by a thoracic surgeon and for which all disease (primary tumor and involved lymph nodes) can be treated with radiation, as determined by a radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures =< 28 days before beginning study treatment or minor surgical procedures =< 7 day before beginning study treatment; no waiting required after placement of a vascular access deviceXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is deemed to be a surgical candidate by ENTXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is deemed to not be a surgical candidate by ENTXx_NEWLINE_xXMust be surgical candidates as deemed fit by surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXFor any surgery or invasive procedure requiring sutures or staples for closure, ibrutinib should be held at least 7 days prior to the intervention and should be held at least 7 days after the procedure, and restarted at the discretion of the investigator when the surgical site is reasonably healed without serosanguineous drainage or the need for drainage tubesXx_NEWLINE_xXLiver disease must not be amenable to potentially curative surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedure(s) within 7 days of enrollment or not yet recovered from prior minor surgery (placement of central venous access device, fine needle aspiration, or endoscopic biliary stent ? 1 day before enrollment is acceptable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures ?28 days of beginning AZD1775, or minor surgical procedures ?7 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPreviously undergone surgical resection of the cholangiocarcinomaXx_NEWLINE_xXNeoadjuvant chemotherapy if relapse occurred at least 6 months after surgical resection;Xx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to Day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to Day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXDisease that is currently not amenable to curative surgical intervention.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be those for whom surgical resection is clinically indicated; the intent of surgical resection may include debulking or attempt to resect as much of the tumor as safely feasible; if a gross total or near total resection is not feasible, HSV1716 injection into the wall of the resection cavity, encompassing residual tumor, is permissibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have benign or malignant soft tissue tumors of the extremities, flanks, pelvis, or shoulders that require surgical interventionXx_NEWLINE_xXResection declined by surgical staff based on designation of LAPCXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients in the surgical arm only: patients with recurrent glioblastoma must be eligible for surgical resection as deemed by the site Investigator.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically documented cutaneous or mucosal malignant melanoma, which is recurrent or metastatic and is not curable by surgical or other means.Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceived maximal, safe, surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXNegative surgical margins, defined as no margin-labeling ink on tumor cells from margin evaluationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have other concurrent uncontrolled malignancies, defined as a malignancy that currently requires therapy or other intervention. Patients with suspected cuSCCs should have them excised prior to study registration. Surgical resection should not be performed within 7 days of starting protocol therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have had a core biopsy, skin cancer resection, or other minor surgical procedure, including placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to Day 1 of the protocol.Xx_NEWLINE_xXTREATMENT: Patients who were initially rendered NED by surgical resection must remain NED at the time of treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xX-  Adult patients with histologic verification of carcinoma of the pancreas (T1-3, N0-1)\n             who have undergone surgical resection within the past 4 - 12 weeks. Patients with R1\n             resections are excluded.\n\n          -  Must meet all laboratory safety criteria and not have active or history of autoimmune\n             disease or conditions, be treated with immunosuppressive drugs, or require the use of\n             systemic steroids. Primary intraoperative chemotherapy will be allowed.\n\n          -  Pregnant or nursing women will be excluded. Subjects with active infection, HIV,\n             Hepatitis B or C will be excluded.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC, SCLC and thymic malignancies for whom surgical resection or multimodality therapy with curative intent is not feasible; for patients with stage III NSCLC, who can be encompassed by a radiation port, definitive external radiation therapy (XRT) should have been performed first when possibleXx_NEWLINE_xXMore than 4 weeks must have elapsed since an surgical procedure at the time the patient receives the preparative regimen due to the inhibition of wound healing observed with VEGFR targeting angiogenesis inhibitorsXx_NEWLINE_xXPart 2 (surgical) patients only: patients must be undergoing surgery that is clinically indicated as determined by their care providers; patients must be eligible for surgical resection according to the following criteria:\r\n* Expectation that the surgeon is able to resect at least 100 mg of tumor from enhancing tumor and at least 100 mg from non-enhancing tumor with low risk of inducing neurological injuryXx_NEWLINE_xXAny major thoracic (thoracotomy with lung or esophageal resection) or abdominal (laparotomy with organ resection) operation must have occurred at least 28 days before study enrollment; patients who have undergone diagnostic video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) or laparoscopy can be included in the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who may have high burden of disease ie large lesions, who are non-surgical candidates or who refuse surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXNon-surgical candidates, who may be able to undergo resection of selected single, individual lesion, but may not tolerate extensive surgery, may have many co morbidities, may be prone to complicationsXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of epistaxis requiring medical/surgical intervention (such as nasal packing) within the past 6 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients scheduled for definitive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer surgical resection less than 9 days from enrollment or greater than five weeks from enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXCNS disease requiring immediate neurosurgery intervention (e.g., resection, shunt placement, etc.)Xx_NEWLINE_xXEligible patients are expected to have a complete resection based on preoperative imaging; any patient not found to be able to have complete resection will not be eligible for this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment directed against the melanoma (eg, chemotherapy, targeted agents, biotherapy, limb perfusion) that is administered after a prior complete resection other than adjuvant radiation after neurosurgical resection and IFN for resected melanoma.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients can have previous brain metastasis that was completely surgically resected if the previously resected lesion is at least 1 cm from target lesion(s) for this study; the location of the previous resection cavity is determined by the post-resection MRIXx_NEWLINE_xXOther definitive surgical procedures may be permissible upon the approval of the medical monitor ORXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient will undergo surgical resection as per consultation with their thoracic surgeon and medical oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXNewly diagnosed metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (recurrent or de novo) harboring sensitizing EGFR mutations (L858R, exon 19 deletion, G719A, L861Q, S768I, exon 19 insertions) with oligometastatic disease (=< 5 discrete lesions of disease irrespective of location, inclusive of the primary lesion):\r\n* All sites of disease must be amenable to definitive treatment with a local therapy (surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, ablation and conventional radiation therapy) as determined by surgery, interventional radiology and radiation oncology\r\n* All intrathoracic lymph nodes (including hilar, mediastinal, and supraclavicular nodal disease) are considered 1 discrete lesion\r\n* Each brain metastasis is included as a distinct lesion\r\n* Patients already started on erlotinib are eligible as long as their sites of disease are determined to be eligible for definitive local therapy by consensus of the principal investigators within 12 weeks of the patient first taking erlotinibXx_NEWLINE_xXBleeding risks: Required to be on therapeutic anticoagulation (aspirin is allowed), coagulopathy (e.g. hemophilia or von Willebrand's disease); any grade III or greater hemorrhage, major surgical procedure, or significant trauma within 28 days; core biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with unhealed surgical wounds for more than 30 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgically resectable disease, and patient deemed an appropriate surgical candidate by a thoracic surgeon prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are not surgical candidates or refuse surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures within 14 days of day 1 administration of crenolanibXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for potential curative therapies (i.e., resection or transplantation).Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection or major surgical procedure within 4 weeks prior to the start of SL-701, or stereotactic biopsy within 7 days prior to the start of SL-701.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient had a resection and/or completed a course of cranial irradiation; andXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients enrolling in the retreatment cohort may have experienced localized disease progression that was treated with definitive therapy to return the patient to a state of stable disease. Examples include localized disease progression treated with complete surgical resection, a solitary brain metastasis treated with complete surgical resection or curative intent stereotactic radiosurgery, or a solitary bone metastasis that is treated with curative-dose radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAt least one intracranial lesion >=1.0 cm but <=4.0 cm that can be treated with surgical resection in the opinion of the treating physicians, and for which immediate local therapy is not clinically indicatedXx_NEWLINE_xXUnequivocal evidence of recurrent or progressive GBM before or after bevacizumab treatment first based on radiographic appearances then confirmed by histologic confirmation through biopsy or resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients who have undergone or will undergo open resection of recurrent or progressive tumor, residual disease following resection is not mandated for eligibility into the study; to best assess the extent of residual disease post-resection, a MRI scan should be done no later than 96 hours in the immediate post-resection period and within 21 days prior to registration; if the 96-hour scan is more than 21 days before registration, the scan needs to be repeated; if the steroid dose is increased more than 50% between the date of imaging and registration, a new baseline MRI is required on a stable or decreasing steroid dosage for at least 3 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXIf the patient had a surgical resection for relapsed disease and no anti-cancer therapy was instituted for up to 12 weeks, and the patient undergoes another surgical resection, this is considered one relapse; for patients who had prior therapy for a low-grade glioma, the surgical diagnosis of the recurrent tumor as GBM will be considered the first relapseXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject had at least one prior line of systemic therapy and has a tumor, which is not amenable to potentially curative surgical resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a malignancy that is currently not amenable to surgical intervention due to either medical contraindications or non-resectability of the tumor.Xx_NEWLINE_xXInclusion Criteria:\n\n        18 years;\n\n          -  Clinical confirmation of adrenocortical carcinoma that is locally advanced or\n             metastatic and not amendable to surgical resection;\n\n          -  Failed or declined mitotane (adjuvant or therapeutic) therapy or a platinum-based\n             chemotherapy regimen;\n\n          -  Able to understand and comply with the protocol requirements;\n\n          -  Willing and able to provide informed consent.\n\n        Exclusion Criteria:\n\n          -  Mitotane level > 5\n\n          -  Use of contraindicated concomitant medications\n\n          -  Unstable medical condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, could interfere\n             with study procedures or data interpretation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust be surgical candidates as deemed fit by surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a malignancy that is currently not amenable to surgical intervention, due to either medical contraindications or non-resectability of the tumor.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRequire hepatic resection due to trauma.Xx_NEWLINE_xXInfection in the anatomic surgical area.Xx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of significant vascular disease (i.e., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair, or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not be candidates for curative resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have recurrent disease after having had one or more prior resections may be eligible, provided that they are not candidates for further curative resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave had a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia or inpatient hospitalization for recovery less than 4 weeks prior to beginning protocol therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave undergone surgical, medical and radiation oncology evaluations to confirm:\r\n* Eligible for infusional fluorouracil (5-FU) or capecitabine\r\n* Will not undergo surgery for the study disease\r\n* Able to receive HDR brachytherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXMedically or technically inoperable as per thoracic surgeon or patient's preference not to undergo surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE I: Patients who anticipate the need for surgical intervention within the first three cycles (3 months), as surgical intervention during the period of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation may affect analysis of adherence and/or make the subject inevaluableXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of transurethral resection of the prostateXx_NEWLINE_xXCombined major surgical cases that include a partial nephrectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXbreast carcinoma in situ with full surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures, placement of tunneled central venous access device within 3 days prior to randomization/enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHCC patients only: Cancer potentially amenable to local modalities of therapy or surgical resection (phase I)Xx_NEWLINE_xXCancer potentially amenable to local modalities of therapy or surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients enrolled into Stage II, they must be within ? 2 weeks but ? 6 weeks after primary GBM resection/biopsy The patient must have recovered from the definitive surgical procedure for GBMXx_NEWLINE_xXSingle brain metastasis status post surgical resection with =< 1 cc of residual enhancing tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXResection cavity volume on planning scan of =< 35 ccXx_NEWLINE_xXPost-operative MRI within 72 hours of surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXResection cavity volume > 35 ccXx_NEWLINE_xXMore than 8 weeks between resection and radiosurgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled for an open thoracotomy for lung resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have disease that is not amenable to potentially curative resection or ablative techniques; in addition, disease must not be amenable to or have progressed on transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE); patients must not be considered potential candidates for liver transplantation; this determination will be made after hepatobiliary surgical input at the NCI multidisciplinary conferenceXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical castration or ongoing use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with confirmed castrate levels of testosteroneXx_NEWLINE_xXMetastatic progressive CRPC defined as progressive disease despite surgical castration or ongoing use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with confirmed castrate levels of testosteroneXx_NEWLINE_xXCompletion of multimodality therapy; this must include surgical resection by either pleurectomy/decortication or extrapleural pneumonectomy; the surgery should be performed with the intent of complete resection, though patients with an R1 resection will still be eligible; patients should have also received treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation; patients with an R2 resection are also eligible as long as the site of residual disease is treated post-operatively with radiotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXUnderwent resection, radiofrequency ablation, radiation or chemoembolization within 4 weeks before enrollment or not recovered from such treatments.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with cancer potentially curable by surgical excision alone or patients who have not received therapy that might be considered standard and potentially curableXx_NEWLINE_xXEligible patients should be deemed as likely to be medically fit to undergo surgical cytoreduction after 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy by a surgical gynecologic oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXWilling to take drug during the 2-12 weeks between biopsy and surgical removal of BCCXx_NEWLINE_xXUnable to attend to 2nd study visit at Stanford for Mohs surgical excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has a resectable tumor or cyst arising from the pancreatic exocrine gland (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas, or mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas) and is undergoing surgical resection of the neoplasmXx_NEWLINE_xXMinor surgical procedures within 7 days prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient had recurrence of osteosarcoma, localized to the lungs, had complete surgical removal of all lung nodules are eligible for enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient with suspected recurrence of osteosarcoma but who has not had surgery is eligible for enrollment but will not be randomized to receive study medication until deemed fully eligible following surgical removal of all lung nodules.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRandomization must occur ? 6 weeks after complete surgical resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXUnequivocal and measurable CT evidence of liver metastases which are not treatable by surgical resection or local ablation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with surgically unsalvageable disease (eg, sacral, spinal GCTB, or multiple lesions including pulmonary metastases) OR subjects whose planned surgery includes joint resection, limb amputation, hemipelvectomy or surgical procedure resulting in severe morbidityXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration);Xx_NEWLINE_xXProgressive disease after medical or surgical castration,Xx_NEWLINE_xXBe considered an appropriate surgical candidate.Xx_NEWLINE_xXGross total resection followed by conventional chemoradiation therapy without progression of disease.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone stereotactic radiosurgery prior to or following surgical resection, or the placement of Gliadel® Wafers.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection of all gross disease\r\n* This assessment will be made by the local investigator based on review of the operative report, pathology results, and/or radiology reports; microscopically positive margins (e.g. R1 resection) are permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXBe eligible and reasonably fit to undergo potentially curative resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior chemotherapy for any malignant disorder, thoracic radiation therapy or prior surgical resection of an esophagogastric tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is considered a poor surgical candidate for removal of a renal mass as determined by pre-operative assessment due to the following factors or various combinations thereof:\r\n* Significant comorbidity precluding ability to deliver anesthesia, without compromised ability to undergo systemic chemotherapy with pazopanib as deemed by the Urologist and Medical Oncologist \r\n* Medically documented contraindication for surgery due to religion or risk of blood transfusion\r\n* Size or location of tumor deemed high risk for surgical intervention by Urologist\r\n* Unacceptable risk for anesthesia, such as history of malignant hyperthermia\r\n* Any one of these factors may or may not constitute unresectability, but for consideration for this trial, the surgical and medical oncologist must agree that the particular constellation of findings for the patient under consideration would likely entail a low probability (< 50%) that the tumor would be resectable (with negative margins) or that the potential morbidity associated with an attempt at surgical resection would not be clinically acceptable\r\n* The numerical thresholds noted above are only a guideline and the clinical judgment of the surgeon and medical oncologist will determine unresectability or if patient refuses surgery or other forms of local therapy; the histopathology for this cohort is limited to clear cell carcinoma of the kidneyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the rectum that was clinically staged T3, T4 or node-positive (defined as >= N1 per American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] 7th edition) that was treated with the following treatment with curative intent:\r\n* Curative surgical resection\r\n* Pre- or post-operative chemoradiation; and at least 3 months of combined adjuvant OR neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (equivalent to 6 cycles of leucovorin calcium, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin [FOLFOX] or infusional fluorouracil [5FU])Xx_NEWLINE_xXPoor surgical risk (defined as American Society of Anesthesiology Score > 3)Xx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with bevacizumab may not be initiated until 4 weeks after surgical resection or radiation therapy completionXx_NEWLINE_xXHave anesthesia surgical assignment category IV or greater,Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior resection of cerebral metastasesXx_NEWLINE_xXHave smoked daily or nearly every day in the previous 6 months up to the date of surgical consult AND have smoked at least one puff in the previous 7 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is scheduled to undergo non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resection: video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) or open thoracotomy for: limited resection, lobectomy, or pneumonectomy; surgery must not be scheduled to take place < 3 weeks after registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXLower extremity or pelvic soft tissue sarcoma necessitating radiation prior to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients scheduled for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing surgical procedures of expected length =< 6 hours requiring NMBXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients can receive chemoradiotherapy preoperatively prior to surgical resection or as definitive/primary chemoradiotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNeed surgical stabilization of the affected bony structure (>7 fracture risk score, see Section 7.4) ORXx_NEWLINE_xXMaximum diameter of brain metastasis or resection cavity is 6 cmXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have had any surgical procedure (i.e. transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP], etc.) within 4 weeks prior to entering the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXCOHORT B SPECIFIC INCLUSION: Patients with histologically confirmed glioma of any grade (II-IV) who are planned for a standard of care surgical debulking/resection and for whom participation in this study would not cause a medically unacceptable delay in surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXCOHORT B SPECIFIC INCLUSION: Patients must have relapsed/progressed following therapy (consisting of at least maximum feasible surgical resection and radiation therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent ocular or intraocular condition that requires medical or surgical intervention to prevent or treat vision lossXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant intracranial pressure as per treating physician that may require surgical intervention.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (such as aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months of first study doseXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXDemonstrates characteristics that are unrealistic/unreasonable with the risks involved with the surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXA minimum of 2 months post-surgical resection or biopsy (if applicable) and/or a minimum 1 month post radiation treatment (if applicable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be diagnosed with cancer of the head and neck and must be surgical candidatesXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has persistent esophageal cancer with local luminal involvement and who is not a surgical candidate or has completed or declined systemic therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients undergoing open liver resection without bowel resection/anastomosis for malignancy at MD Anderson Cancer CenterXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE 0: Previously underwent curative surgical treatment of metastatic colorectal or peritoneal cancer at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) ShadysideXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE 1 & 2: Scheduled for curative surgical treatment of metastatic colorectal or peritoneal cancer at UPMC ShadysideXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment plan that includes neo-adjuvant radiation therapy followed by surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPhase I: From 3–36 months post-surgical treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPhase II: From 3–24 months post-surgical treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPreoperative surgical plan: immediate placement subpectoral tissue expander with ADMXx_NEWLINE_xXPlanning to receive surgical resection at MGH (including both curative and palliative resections)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient to be treated with radiation therapy for a primary extremity soft tissue sarcoma or recurrent tumor after surgery, followed by surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject does not have a surgical indication for pancreatectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXNot a candidate for surgical resection based on unresectability, anatomy, anesthesia risk, patient preferenceXx_NEWLINE_xXThe involved bone(s) is/are orthopedically stable and not in need of stabilization via either definitive radiation therapy (RT), surgical intervention, or bothXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing pancreatic resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical treatment in the previous monthXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious diagnosis of grade 1 or 2, stage I or II endometrioid endometrial cancers (“type I cancers”) as confirmed during surgical intervention for treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients scheduled to undergo surgical resection for curative intent during study participationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients not felt be a safe surgical candidate by pain management physician for placement of and intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) due to the presence of severe medical comorbiditiesXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient undergoing any resection requiring an anastomosis to the esophagus for curative intent; including but not limited to esophagectomy or total gastrectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients undergoing any resection requiring an anastomosis to the esophagus for palliative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing surgical resection with pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients considered to be high risk for surgical complications will be excluded from the research protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 6 weeks between prior surgical resection and study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXUnhealed or infected surgical sites in the irradiation areaXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects are status post (s/p) breast surgical intervention, to include mastectomy, partial mastectomy, lumpectomy, or reconstructionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects report persistent pain in the distribution of the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN): The residual breast, surgical bed, ipsilateral medial arm, and/or axilla following tissue healing (> 3 months post-procedure)Xx_NEWLINE_xX>= 28 days elapsed from the last surgical procedure (including biopsy, surgical resection, wound revision, or any other major surgery involving entry into a body cavity)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have had prior therapy for brain metastasis, including radiosurgery and surgical resection; patients must have completed prior therapy by at least 14 days prior to Step 2 for surgical resection and 7 days for radiosurgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has histologically proven colorectal cancer or polyp(s) that is planned to be treated by surgical resection performed with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXNeed for vascular resection/reconstructionXx_NEWLINE_xXAdjuvant treatment: laser or any surgical interventionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have not undergone any surgical treatment for their cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPersistent post-surgical pain at least 3 months after completion of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient without chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy as part of cancer treatment (e.g., surgical resection only patients are not-eligible)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients having previously undergone large surgical resections of the larynx or hypopharynx will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXSelection of a surgical approach that does not include prescribed surgical intervention, which must include removal of pseudarthrosis tissue, placement of an intramedullary rod using the Williams approach, and autogenous bone graft from the iliac crest distributed at the osteotomy siteXx_NEWLINE_xXCore biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 3 days prior to the first dose of bevacizumab or vanucizumabXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of abdominal free air that is not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants with advanced solid tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection or other approved therapeutic options.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMultifocal disease is allowed if it was removed by a single lumpectomy resection and the patient remained a candidate for breast conservationXx_NEWLINE_xXThe surgical cavity is clearly visible on CT imagesXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing use of anticoagulant therapy other than aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) that cannot be stopped for surgical proceduresXx_NEWLINE_xXStatus post mastectomy with surgical assessment of axillary nodesXx_NEWLINE_xXIncomplete tumor resection (R2 resection, grossly positive resection margin)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients for whom there is only one good surgical option or any other clinical/nonclinical reason for which the surgeon determines the patient is not eligible for the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPost-surgical open wound that has not been healed at the time of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled for an open surgical procedure, which can be laparoscope-assistedXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgery for bowel resection (including esophagus to rectum), pancreatic resection, or peritoneal surface malignancy resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPregnant patients will not be included in the study as pregnancy is a relative contraindication for these types of surgical proceduresXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient is a candidate for surgical intervention, with lymph node mapping being a part of the surgical planXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is not a surgical candidate due to underlying cardiac or other serious comorbid conditionXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy to the thorax, or total surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior extensive pelvic surgery such as low anterior resection, abdomino-perineal resection, or proctocolectomy continent stool pouch, or any other extensive abdomino-pelvic surgery that would render the patient high-risk for complications as deemed by the surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection and axillary assessment, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy, as indicated, completed at least 3 months prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPATIENTS: Scheduled to undergo surgery with lung resection for treatment of primary or secondary neoplasms of the lungXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has been confirmed by a thoracic surgeon to be a surgical candidate for resection of the tumor targeted for ablation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has a surgical indication for distal pancreatectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who require any type of pancreas resection other than a distal pancreatectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients undergoing liver and/or pancreatic surgical resection for malignancy at MD Anderson Cancer CenterXx_NEWLINE_xXHave undergone surgical debulkingXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergone abdominal-perineal resection, Hartmann procedure, or other surgical procedure leaving the patient without a functioning rectumXx_NEWLINE_xXNote: Post-surgical patients should proceed to registration immediately following preregistrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNewly diagnosed with a primary invasive endometrial cancer (any histology except sarcoma) and have a resection between 1/1/2013 and 12/31/2015 exclusively at Ohio State University (OSU)\r\n* For individuals who have neoadjuvant treatment and show a complete response at resection, the tumor screening will be attempted on their original biopsy (even if it occurred in 2012) as long as their resection occurred between 1/1/2013 and 12/31/2015Xx_NEWLINE_xXWillingness to undergo surgical evaluation for abnormal EUS/FNA findingXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be scheduled for a procedure capable of providing a definitive pathological diagnosis and evaluating for complications of the esophageal sponge on the same day as the study procedure, either:\r\n* Upper endoscopy\r\n* Surgical esophagectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of significant hemorrhage (requiring hospitalization or transfusion) outside of a surgical setting within the last 24 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXtreatment by surgical excision and endoprosthetic replacement of the femur or tibia.Xx_NEWLINE_xXcurrent surgical procedure is a revision surgery for implant failure or infection;Xx_NEWLINE_xXprior local infection within the surgical field of the affected limb;Xx_NEWLINE_xXWilling to undergo two surgical procedures (if participant chooses the ISDO arm)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical cohort (cohort A only): percutaneous or transjugular biopsy incomplete or not performedXx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted appropriate surgical therapy to include:Xx_NEWLINE_xXWilling to not undergo any elective surgical procedure with general anesthesia or conscious sedation through the 1 month post-vaccination visitXx_NEWLINE_xXTime interval of at least 6 days duration where complications such as rejection episodes, viral infections, surgical interventions and therapies with mono or polyclonal antibodies are ruled out by the transplant teamXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy prior to surgical resection, AND/OR placement of a biliary stent and/or drain for biliary tree decompressionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior melanomas of the skin of the face, scalp, ear, and neck, which are less than 5 years from surgical excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXAny newly identified breast abnormality requiring surgical excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXAny previous surgical excision of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or hysterectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnosis of pelvic malignancy (suspected/confirmed ovarian, endometrial/ uterine, cervical cancers, and vulvar cancers) undergoing surgical debulkingXx_NEWLINE_xXContemplating any new pharmacologic/hormonal or prophylactic surgical intervention within the next year (Note: Individuals taking tamoxifen, Arimidex or other hormonal prevention strategies at time of consent will be eligible)Xx_NEWLINE_xXInclusion Criteria:\n\n          1. Scheduled to undergo elective colon and/or rectal surgical procedures involving open\n             laparotomy, hand-assisted laparoscopy, and laparoscopic-assisted approaches. The\n             principal incision must have a length of > 5 cm and < 35 cm in length.  Eligible\n             surgeries are: left hemicolectomy, right hemicolectomy, transverse colectomy,\n             ileocolic resection, total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, total\n             abdominal proctocolectomy (portion of specimen to be extracted via laparotomy), low\n             anterior resection, sigmoid resection, non-emergent Hartmann procedure, colostomy\n             takedown through laparotomy (not peristomal) incision, ileo-pouch anal anastomosis,\n             and abdominal perineal resection of the rectum.\n\n          2. Able to give informed consent.\n\n          3. Male or female ?18 years of age.\n\n          4. If female, is non-pregnant (negative pregnancy test result at the\n             Screening/Randomization Visit) and non-lactating.\n\n          5. If female, is either not of childbearing potential (defined as postmenopausal for at\n             least 1 year or surgically sterile [status post bilateral tubal occlusion, bilateral\n             oophorectomy, or hysterectomy]) or practicing 1 of the following methods of birth\n             control and agrees to continue with this regimen over the study surveillance period:\n\n               -  Oral, implantable, or injectable contraceptives for 3 consecutive months before\n                  the Baseline/Randomization Visit\n\n               -  Intrauterine device\n\n               -  Double barrier method (condoms, sponge, or diaphragm with spermicidal jellies or\n                  cream)\n\n               -  Not sexually-active. Agreement to be available for evaluation at the study site\n                  for scheduled visits.\n\n        Exclusion Criteria:\n\n          1. Hypersensitivity to porcine products.\n\n          2. History of known anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibodies (i.e., pANCA), as well as\n             patients with known idiopathic necrotizing glomerulonephritis and certain systemic\n             vasculitis conditions [e.g., microscopic polyangiitis of small blood vessels,\n             Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss Syndrome]).\n\n          3. Use of microbial sealant (IntegusealTM), any antibiotic-embedded suture, or any\n             antimicrobial-embedded suture to close the principal incision or any suture in the\n             surgical field that has not been formally approved by the relevant local national\n             regulatory authority.\n\n          4. Absolute contraindication to general anesthesia.\n\n          5. Hypersensitivity reactions to steri-strip tapes, medical-surgery tapes, adhesives, or\n             sutures. (Note: If there can be assurances that the subject will not be exposed to\n             these materials that cause hypersensitivity, alternatives will be allowed.)\n\n          6. History of keloid or hypertrophic scarring within or near an incision from a prior\n             surgery.\n\n          7. Body mass index [BMI]: > 50 or < 20 (both due to the extremely high risk of poor\n             wound healing).\n\n          8. ASA score > 3.\n\n          9. Undergoing emergency colorectal surgery such that standard bowel preparation and\n             other standard preoperative precautions and assessments cannot be performed in time\n             before the index-surgery.\n\n         10. The planned index-surgery involves removal or placement of mesh (either synthetic or\n             biological) as part of closure in the principal incision or traversing any part of a\n             pre-existing mesh (either synthetic or biological) in the principal incision.\n\n         11. There are clinical signs of overt infection necessitating systemic antibiotics via\n             oral, intramuscular, or intravenous routes (e.g., infection of the abdominal wall,\n             peritonitis, pneumonia, and sepsis/septic shock) prior to the index-surgery.\n\n         12. Preoperative severe neutropenia (total neutrophil count ?500 X 109/L).  (Note:\n             Testing should be performed at the local laboratory.)\n\n         13. Receiving any oral or intravenous antibiotics within 24 hours prior to the\n             index-surgery. (Note: It is permissible to administer conventional oral prophylactic\n             antibiotics as bowel preparation up to the time of the index- surgical procedure, as\n             well as intravenous or intramuscular prophylactic antibiotics just prior to the\n             index-surgery as per the treating surgeon's standard of care.)\n\n         14. Preoperative evaluation that the intra-abdominal process might preclude full closure\n             of the skin incision due to severe or morbid obesity (i.e., any mechanical reason\n             that would prevent/preclude primary intent wound healing) at the principal inXx_NEWLINE_xXInclusion Criteria:\n\n          1. Scheduled to undergo elective colon and/or rectal surgical procedures involving open\n             laparotomy, hand-assisted laparoscopy, and laparoscopic-assisted approaches. The\n             principal incision must have a length of > 5 cm and < 35 cm in length.  Eligible\n             surgeries are: left hemicolectomy, right hemicolectomy, transverse colectomy,\n             ileocolic resection, total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, total\n             abdominal proctocolectomy (portion of specimen to be extracted via laparotomy), low\n             anterior resection, sigmoid resection, non-emergent Hartmann procedure, colostomy\n             takedown through laparotomy (not peristomal) incision, ileo-pouch anal anastomosis,\n             and abdominal perineal resection of the rectum.\n\n          2. Able to give informed consent.\n\n          3. Male or female ?18 years of age.\n\n          4. If female, is non-pregnant (negative pregnancy test result at the\n             Screening/Randomization Visit) and non-lactating.\n\n          5. If female, is either not of childbearing potential (defined as postmenopausal for at\n             least 1 year or surgically sterile [status post bilateral tubal occlusion, bilateral\n             oophorectomy, or hysterectomy]) or practicing 1 of the following methods of birth\n             control and agrees to continue with this regimen over the study surveillance period:\n\n               -  Oral, implantable, or injectable contraceptives for 3 consecutive months before\n                  the Baseline/Randomization Visit\n\n               -  Intrauterine device\n\n               -  Double barrier method (condoms, sponge, or diaphragm with spermicidal jellies or\n                  cream)\n\n               -  Not sexually-active. Agreement to be available for evaluation at the study site\n                  for scheduled visits.\n\n        Exclusion Criteria:\n\n          1. Hypersensitivity to porcine products.\n\n          2. History of known anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibodies (i.e., pANCA), as well as\n             patients with known idiopathic necrotizing glomerulonephritis and certain systemic\n             vasculitis conditions [e.g., microscopic polyangiitis of small blood vessels,\n             Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss Syndrome]).\n\n          3. Use of microbial sealant (IntegusealTM), any antibiotic-embedded suture, or any\n             antimicrobial-embedded suture to close the principal incision or any suture in the\n             surgical field that has not been formally approved by the relevant local national\n             regulatory authority.\n\n          4. Absolute contraindication to general anesthesia.\n\n          5. Hypersensitivity reactions to steri-strip tapes, medical-surgery tapes, adhesives, or\n             sutures. (Note: If there can be assurances that the subject will not be exposed to\n             these materials that cause hypersensitivity, alternatives will be allowed.)\n\n          6. History of keloid or hypertrophic scarring within or near an incision from a prior\n             surgery.\n\n          7. Body mass index [BMI]: > 50 or < 20 (both due to the extremely high risk of poor\n             wound healing).\n\n          8. ASA score > 3.\n\n          9. Undergoing emergency colorectal surgery such that standard bowel preparation and\n             other standard preoperative precautions and assessments cannot be performed in time\n             before the index-surgery.\n\n         10. The planned index-surgery involves removal or placement of mesh (either synthetic or\n             biological) as part of closure in the principal incision or traversing any part of a\n             pre-existing mesh (either synthetic or biological) in the principal incision.\n\n         11. There are clinical signs of overt infection necessitating systemic antibiotics via\n             oral, intramuscular, or intravenous routes (e.g., infection of the abdominal wall,\n             peritonitis, pneumonia, and sepsis/septic shock) prior to the index-surgery.\n\n         12. Preoperative severe neutropenia (total neutrophil count ?500 X 109/L).  (Note:\n             Testing should be performed at the local laboratory.)\n\n         13. Receiving any oral or intravenous antibiotics within 24 hours prior to the\n             index-surgery. (Note: It is permissible to administer conventional oral prophylactic\n             antibiotics as bowel preparation up to the time of the index- surgical procedure, as\n             well as intravenous or intramuscular prophylactic antibiotics just prior to the\n             index-surgery as per the treating surgeon's standard of care.)\n\n         14. Preoperative evaluation that the intra-abdominal process might preclude full closure\n             of the skin incision due to severe or morbid obesity (i.e., any mechanical reason\n             that would prevent/preclude primary intent wound healing) at the principal inXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has evidence of current mucositis, mucosal ulceration, or unhealed surgical wounds from surgical resection or biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must have subsolid (non solid or partially solid) nodules with size between 4 and 10 mm with any volume doubling time (VDT) not candidate to surgical excision and/or subsolid (non solid or partially solid) nodule larger than 10 mm with VDT higher than 400 days and not candidate to surgical excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXUnstable angina or angina requiring surgical or medical intervention; and/orXx_NEWLINE_xXBreast-conserving surgery with surgical excision of all gross disease with negative surgical margins (with the exception of a positive margin at skin and/or fascia where no more breast tissue can be removed) or mastectomy surgery with no gross residual diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXBiopsy proven diagnosis or clinical diagnosis of any benign oral cavity lesion; pre-surgical biopsy will not be required if lesion is suspected to be benignXx_NEWLINE_xXBiopsy proven diagnosis or clinical diagnosis of premalignant oral cavity lesions (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus, dysplasia); pre-surgical biopsy will not be required if lesion is suspected to be benignXx_NEWLINE_xXThe lesion plus the resection margin should not exceed 4.0 cm circumferentially; planned to undergo surgical treatment by resection without flap reconstruction and without neck dissectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant vascular disease (such as aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 3 months of first study doseXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for surgery and willing to undergo two surgical procedures (if chooses the PSDO arm)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with lung lesions undergoing anatomic resection (lobectomy/segmentectomy/bilobectomy/pulmonary sleeve resection/pneumonectomy) ORXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients undergoing esophageal resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with recent/ongoing pneumonia (< 15 days from initial surgical patient evaluation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMedical, surgical or radiation oncologist agrees to subject participation in a diet and physical activity program.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has a presence of mucosal ulceration or oral mucositis at screening or develops this prior to randomization, and/or has unhealed wounds remaining from surgical resection and/or excisional biopsy procedure.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical menopause with bilateral oophorectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are medically unfit to undergo surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be cleared for bevacizumab administration with respect to any recent surgeries, and post-surgical scans must confirm the presence of measurable residual diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with untreated focal liver observations scheduled for follow-up multiphase contrast-enhanced CT or MRI, biopsy or surgical excision as part of clinical standard of care; CEUS should be performed within 4 weeks before or after follow-up imaging or within 4 weeks before biopsy or surgical excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXMedical clearance for surgery and considered an appropriate surgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXIf, based on surgeon’s assessment, the patient is recommended to undergo surgical staging for histologically confirmed endometrial cancer or if IB1 cervical cancer is deemed eligible for surgical treatment of diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient does not meet medical clearance for surgery and is not considered an appropriate surgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients requiring emergency surgical intervention that would be inappropriately delayed by FLT-PET imagingXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical staging with retroperitoneal staging and lymphadenectomy is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who do not wish to have subsequent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient has an intermediate risk of malignancy (5-65% per the Mayo Model) and is in need of diagnosis for alternative treatment, OR The patient has a high probability of cancer (>65%) and will be referred for surgical evaluation or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Note: If the patient refuses surgery or if the surgeon requests a definitive diagnosis prior to surgery the patient will have the option to be included in this study,Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, or metastatic liver cancer planned to receive definitive doses of radiation or surgical resection are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXSuspected malignancy scheduled to be treated with surgical resection at the sarcoma or cancer center of participating sitesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior thoracic radiotherapy directed to the ipsilateral lung or prior surgical wedge resection in the involved lobeXx_NEWLINE_xXResection: tumor must be judged suitable for resection on the basis of imaging studiesXx_NEWLINE_xX(Part 3, suspected recurrent GBM patients ONLY): Has already begun non surgical therapy for any recurrence, prior to the first [18F]DASA 23 PET/MRI scanXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with suspected brain tumors undergoing surgical removal as their standard of care will be eligible; these may include subjects' status post chemotherapy and/or radiation or subjects who have undergone diagnostic biopsy for their original diagnosis and are felt to be candidates for resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must be eligible for resection as determined by the operating surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXOther lab values that in the opinion of the primary surgeon would prevent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXLung function assessment required for pre-surgical evaluation at the discretion of the cardiothoracic surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients are healthy enough to be deemed surgical candidates by the treating physicianXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients not interested in pursuing surgical intervention for their disease (i.e. refusing treatment or requesting radiation oncology referral)Xx_NEWLINE_xXLab values that in the opinion of the primary surgeon would prevent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSuspicion of gynecological malignancies that requires a standard of care surgical resection in the operating roomXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipation in this trial will not significantly alter pre-surgical, surgical or post-surgical careXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had surgical intervention or radiation for the current biopsy-proven malignancyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be surgical candidatesXx_NEWLINE_xXAny surgical therapy in the area of the oral cavity or pharynx within the last 2 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXBrain MR imaging suggestive of a glioma or 2HG > 2 mM by MR spectroscopy in patients who have not had a surgical procedure to establish the diagnosisXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be scheduled for a procedure capable of providing a definitive pathologic diagnosis and evaluating for complications of the esophageal sponge on the same day as the study procedure, either upper endoscopy or surgical esophagectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPre-operative adult (> 19 years of age) patients with biopsy proven (as opposed to being status post definitive surgical therapy) or highly suspected glioblastoma of the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXDefinitive/gross total lesion resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must be willing to undergo surgical biopsy and/or resection of indeterminate pulmonary nodule(s)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who require and agree to surgical resection of their evolving post-treatment brain lesion (a clinical decision made prior to and independent of enrollment in this study)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPositive surgical marginsXx_NEWLINE_xXPATIENT: Be scheduled for a surgical excision with SLN evaluationXx_NEWLINE_xXHEALTHY VOLUNTEER: A history of surgical breast augmentation, reduction, or biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients deemed not surgical candidates due to prohibitive co-morbiditiesXx_NEWLINE_xXKinetic Studies Arm only:\r\n* Participant with a suspected or confirmed cancer diagnosis who is scheduled for surgical resection, biopsy, or chemotherapy treatment\r\n* One or more tumor sites measuring >= 1 cm in the shortest transaxial diameter by CTXx_NEWLINE_xXStandard of care surgical resection and/or stereotactic biopsy of the brain tumor planned using the FDOPA-PET/MRI studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with surgical implants and/or metallic foreign bodies non-compatible with the MR magnetXx_NEWLINE_xXINCLUSION CRITERIA (NEXT 60 PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER): Scheduled to undergo surgical resection with radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXNot a surgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXGROUPS 1, 2, AND 3: Group 3 participants must have pathologically- confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma and have been determined to have the need for neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXIs being evaluated for surgical resection of the massXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects that have vascular or aneurysm clips, or metallic staples from a surgical procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are not surgical candidates or refuse to undergo surgery and choose any percutaneous ablation as an alternative treatment optionXx_NEWLINE_xXAdult subjects with oral lesions undergoing surgical resection (i.e., only patients who are scheduled to undergo a surgery of the head & neck area to remove or biopsy oral lesions will be eligible to participate in the study); patients with previous treatment are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXContraindications for MRS (e.g. history of abdomino-perineal resection of rectum)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave had previous image guided FNAB or surgical biopsy of the target nodule of interest within the 45 days of baseline Imagio Scan;Xx_NEWLINE_xXobtaining surgical history (e.g., tubal ligation or hysterectomy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXsurgical clips or other metallic implants;Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients diagnosed with any T stage, any subsite within the head and neck that are scheduled to undergo surgical resection, including a (modified) neck dissectionXx_NEWLINE_xXMedical contraindications to low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be undergoing ovarian resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had primary surgical excisionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or biologic therapy since last Octreoscan + CT; continuation of the same dose of Sandostatin–LAR or subcutaneous Sandostatin is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior transurethral resection of prostateXx_NEWLINE_xXPathologically confirmed breast cancer, determined to be a candidate for primary systemic (neoadjuvant) therapy and for surgical resection of residual primary tumor following completion of neoadjuvant therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXUnder the care of a surgical attendingXx_NEWLINE_xXDeemed a surgical candidate and has agreed to surgery to remove a portion of the liver containing tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXLab values that in the opinion of the primary surgeon would prevent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical absence of a rectum or the presence of a rectal fistulaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a solid lung lesion 1.5-5cm identified on chest CT (obtained within previous 3 months) that are surgical candidates with a high probability of cancer (> 65%) will be referred for surgical evaluation; if the lesion is partially solid (i.e. there is a ground glass component) then the solid portion must make up > 75% of the lesion and measure at 1.5-5cm; if the patient refuses surgery or if the surgeon requests a definitive diagnosis prior to surgery the patient will have the option to be included in this study; all sites will use the same online calculator to document probability of malignancyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is considered a poor surgical candidate due to non-malignant systemic diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXThose participants requiring surgical intervention for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes as necessary for their disease are eligible; the tissue may be assessed by histology and/or EM for iron particles; only clinically indicated biopsy and/or surgery will be doneXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with breast lesions that are non-palpable that require surgical removalXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and one of the following options:\r\n* Eligible for surgery after the last research scan\r\n* Significant residual disease after initial surgery\r\n** The principal investigator or co-PI must review MRI and CT findings and agree with the presence of significant residual disease\r\n* Treatment (non-surgical) naiveXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or biologic therapy since last Octreoscan + CT; continuation of the same dose of Sandostatin-LAR or subcutaneous Sandostatin is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not require an intermediate surgical procedure =< 14 days prior to beginning therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXThere should be no anticipation of need for major surgical procedures during the course of the study; examples include:\r\n* Major procedures:\r\n** Organ resection\r\n** Bowel wall anastomosis\r\n** Arteriovenous grafts\r\n** Exploratory laparotomy\r\n** Thoracotomy\r\n* Intermediate procedures: \r\n** Ventriculoperitoneal (VP)-shunt placement\r\n** Stereotactic brain biopsy\r\n** Paracentesis or thoracentesis\r\n* Minor procedures:\r\n** Incision and drainage of superficial skin abscesses\r\n** Punch biopsy of skin lesions\r\n** Superficial skin wound suturing\r\n** Bone marrow aspirate and/or biopsy\r\n** Fine needle aspirations\r\n** Broviac line or infusaport placement\r\n** Note: lumbar punctures or placement of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines are not considered minor procedures and may occur at any time prior to or during therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients diagnosed with any T stage, any subsite within the head and neck that are scheduled to undergo surgical resection; patients with recurrent disease or a new primary will be allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXLab values that in the opinion of the primary surgeon would prevent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must be deemed eligible for resection by a surgeon who is listed as an Investigator in this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior resection surgery is allowable.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have received prior surgical resection and radiation therapy for the progressive meningiomaXx_NEWLINE_xXIleostomy or hepatic resection during current cytoreductive surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 2 weeks (to start of study agent) between prior surgical resection or one week for stereotactic biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgery within 4 weeks of study entry; minor surgical procedures (e.g. port insertion, pleurex catheter placement) are not excluded, but sufficient time should have passed for wound healingXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who will have surgical resections must consent to the use of post-surgery tumor samples for correlative molecular studiesXx_NEWLINE_xXRequiring tissue diagnosis (fine needle aspiration [FNA], core biopsy, surgical biopsy, surgical resection), or clinical follow-ups for at least 6 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will have biochemical and/or clinical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism and be a surgical candidate for definitive parathyroid surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients that underwent previous surgical resection for the same disease (except for biopsy or surgery removing primary site tumor but still present with grossly enlarged lymph nodes)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical or core biopsy scheduled within 4 weeks of MRI/MREXx_NEWLINE_xXIs scheduled for surgery and/or another invasive procedure other than the primary surgical intervention within the 3 days after Lymphoseek administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with suspected brain tumors undergoing surgical removal as their standard of care will be eligible; these may include subjects status post chemotherapy and/or radiation or subjects who have undergone diagnostic biopsy for their original diagnosis and are felt to be candidates for resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must be eligible for resection as determined by the operating surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXLab values that in the opinion of the primary surgeon would prevent surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXOR a brain lesion that is concerning for malignancy for which histopathological confirmation is anticipated following enrollment (e.g., biopsy or surgical resection of the tumor is scheduled)Xx_NEWLINE_xXTumor must be determined to be surgically resectable; surgical resection is planned to take place at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)Xx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients who have undergone surgical resection prior to joining the study, in whom baseline magnetic resonance (MR) images exhibit enough signal degradation (due to susceptibility artifact in the region of the surgical bed) such that the data are uninterpretable will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients are not required to have measurable disease; post-operative patients (patients who have had surgical resection of the lung) are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have pulmonary function as defined below:\r\n* Abnormal pulmonary function test within 3 months of study entry\r\n* Prior radiation to the lungs\r\n* Prior surgical resection of lung tissue (i.e. wedge resection, lobectomy, or pneumonectomy)\r\n* Clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or emphysema\r\n* Ongoing oxygen useXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior esophageal or gastric surgical resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny non-surgical local treatment such as previous cryotherapy, external beam radiation, or HiFU (Ultrasound) must have occurred at least 1 year in the past.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious esophageal procedure (surgery, photodynamic therapy, argon plasma coagulation, endoscopic mucosal resection)Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny patient with suspected new or recurrent high grade glioma on diagnostic MR imaging who will undergo a resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgical candidateXx_NEWLINE_xXPositive surgical margins, orXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have surgical resection followed by systemic adjuvant therapy with an aromatase inhibitor (AIs) as part of planned treatment; any approved AI at standard clinical dosing may be used; in pre-menopausal patients, ovarian suppression with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist will be started prior to initiation of the AI on a separate clinical trial in parallel with the imaging studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with primary locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (0-18 cm from the anal verge) confirmed by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) pathologist and eligible to undergo chemoradiation and surgical resection at MSKCCXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have a planned surgical resection of the rectumXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically proven stage 0-III carcinoma of the breast, status/post (s/p) surgical resection; radiation therapy and chemotherapy can have been administered, as indicated; concurrent aromatase inhibitor, tamoxifen, trastuzumab, and/or bisphosphonate therapy are permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior craniotomy for resection of deep seated tumors in thalamus and brain stemXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have selected mastectomy for surgical option of treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be eligible for definitive surgical therapy for primary NSCLCXx_NEWLINE_xXHave a surgical target =< 6 cm from the skin when lying supineXx_NEWLINE_xXHave a discreet surgical targetXx_NEWLINE_xXHave undergone previous open surgical biopsy, lumpectomy, or mastectomy in the operative breastXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgical procedures =< 28 days of beginning study treatment, or minor surgical procedures =< 7 days (minor procedures done at time of laparoscopy are allowed); no waiting required following port-a-cath placementXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must have histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon that is localized, with no evidence of distant metastasis (stage I, II, or III), and for which surgical resection of the primary tumor is being planned; OR participants must have histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon with resectable liver metastases for which liver resection is being planned; OR participants may have a colon biopsy that is suspicious for adenocarcinoma if clinical and/or endoscopic findings strongly support the presence of malignancy, and if surgical resection is being planned; NOTE: in the unlikely event that the final pathology of the surgical resection specimen is consistent with high-grade adenoma or dysplasia, the patient will not be considered ineligible and collected research samples will still be utilizedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgical evaluation and plan for surgical biopsy or surgery to remove the tumor being injected.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have recurrent disease for which there is a clinical indication for resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXDYNAMIC COHORT: No clinical plan for biopsy or surgical procedure of known or suspected cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have a previous diagnosis of a recurrent or progressive glioblastoma for which surgical resection is now indicatedXx_NEWLINE_xXPlanned surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled date of surgical resection that would limit the amount of time taking the intervention to less than 21 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients scheduled for definitive HNC cancer surgical resection less than 10 days from enrollment or greater than five weeks from enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients deemed inoperable (no scheduled surgery) are eligible for this trial, as they could be surgical candidates after treatment with vemurafenib; inoperable patients must be naive to therapies targeting the MAPK pathwayXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are seen by members of the Thoracic Surgical oncology Group at Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center for their initial surgical consultationXx_NEWLINE_xXthe OSCC treatment plan includes surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXA member of the patient’s surgical team must indicate equipoise for the benefit of the surgical treatment for MBO; the surgeon must respond “Yes” to each of the following questions and sign the S1316 Surgical Equipoise Documentation form for the patient to be eligible:\r\n* Is surgery for treatment of malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) being considered for this patient?\r\n* Do you have equipoise? if the treating team finds that an operation is required (e.g., for acute abdomen), or they would not offer the patient an operation (e.g., patient is too weak to tolerate surgery), then there is no equipoiseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be registered to the study within 3 working days after being seen by surgical team for MBO or within 3 working days after completion of indicated treatment (e.g. total parenteral nutrition [TPN], anticoagulation reversal) to make them eligible for surgical intervention, whichever is later, and prior to any treatment (surgical or non-surgical) for MBO; treatment is defined as any medication or invasive interventions beyond nasogastric decompression, hydration, pain medications or antiemetic medications; NOTE: somatostatin analogues may be used prior to registration if that use is limited to not more than the two days just prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXStatus post-surgical resection or definitive radiotherapy for recently diagnosed clinically suspicious or biopsy-proven early stage NSCLCXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient with prior rectal surgery or anal stricture requiring surgical intervention prior to biopsy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient: Has completed surgical therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXReferred to a plastic surgeon by their surgical oncologist for possible reconstructionXx_NEWLINE_xXDuring clinician’s pre-surgical evaluation, presents with high risk for non-therapeutic resection related to cancer diagnosis (PCS study)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients of study surgeons who are scheduled to have a surgical procedure identified by study surgeons to the study teamXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled for a surgical consult with breast surgeonXx_NEWLINE_xXInclusion Criteria:\n\n        Subjects who meet all of the following criteria may be enrolled in this Study:\n\n          1. Subject is male or female, age 18 or older.\n\n          2. Subject has undergone CT scan of the lung(s) that indicates one or more nodules or\n             lesions suspicious for lung cancer.\n\n          3. Subject's pulmonary nodule or lesion is greater than 4mm. Size is determined by the\n             largest nodule or lesion dimension identified from CT imaging.\n\n          4. Subject meets one or more of the following conditions:\n\n               -  indicated for a tissue biopsy\n\n               -  indicated for surgical resection of the lung\n\n          5. Subject must be able to receive a ProLung Test\n\n               -  within 60 days of abnormal CT (Inclusion Criterion 2 & 3)\n\n               -  within 60 days prior to the tissue biopsy or surgical resection (Inclusion\n                  Criterion 4).\n\n          6. Subject is capable of understanding and agreeing to fulfill the requirements of this\n             Protocol.\n\n          7. Subject has signed the IRB/IEC approved Informed Consent Form (\ICF\).\n\n        Exclusion Criteria\n\n        The following criteria will disqualify a subject from enrollment into this Study:\n\n          1. Subject has an implanted electronic device in the chest.\n\n          2. Subject receiving therapy for suspected chest infection such as fungal infection or\n             tuberculosis.\n\n          3. Subject with diagnosed malignancy other than lung cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer or\n             any cancer in which the Principal Investigator does not suspect metastatic disease to\n             the lung, who has 2 or more suspicious pulmonary nodules.\n\n          4. Subject has received an invasive medical or surgical procedure within the thoracic\n             cavity within 30 days prior to the ProLung Test or within the previous 14 days for a\n             bronchoscopic procedure.\n\n          5. Subject presents with an anomalous physical or anatomical condition that precludes\n             ProLung Test measurement.\n\n          6. Subject will have undergone unusually strenuous exercise within 24 hours.\n\n          7. Subject who has significant systemic diseases such as uncontrolled diabetes, advanced\n             heart failure, or a recent myocardial infarction, or other medical condition such as\n             severe morbid obesity that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator would make\n             him/her unsuitable for the Study.Xx_NEWLINE_xXInclusion Criteria:\n\n        Subjects who meet all of the following criteria may be enrolled in this Study:\n\n          1. Subject is male or female, age 18 or older.\n\n          2. Subject has undergone CT scan of the lung(s) that indicates one or more nodules or\n             lesions suspicious for lung cancer.\n\n          3. Subject's pulmonary nodule or lesion is greater than 4mm. Size is determined by the\n             largest nodule or lesion dimension identified from CT imaging.\n\n          4. Subject meets one or more of the following conditions:\n\n               -  indicated for a tissue biopsy\n\n               -  indicated for surgical resection of the lung\n\n          5. Subject must be able to receive a ProLung Test\n\n               -  within 60 days of abnormal CT (Inclusion Criterion 2 & 3)\n\n               -  within 60 days prior to the tissue biopsy or surgical resection (Inclusion\n                  Criterion 4).\n\n          6. Subject is capable of understanding and agreeing to fulfill the requirements of this\n             Protocol.\n\n          7. Subject has signed the IRB/IEC approved Informed Consent Form (\ICF\).\n\n        Exclusion Criteria\n\n        The following criteria will disqualify a subject from enrollment into this Study:\n\n          1. Subject has an implanted electronic device in the chest.\n\n          2. Subject receiving therapy for suspected chest infection such as fungal infection or\n             tuberculosis.\n\n          3. Subject with diagnosed malignancy other than lung cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer or\n             any cancer in which the Principal Investigator does not suspect metastatic disease to\n             the lung, who has 2 or more suspicious pulmonary nodules.\n\n          4. Subject has received an invasive medical or surgical procedure within the thoracic\n             cavity within 30 days prior to the ProLung Test or within the previous 14 days for a\n             bronchoscopic procedure.\n\n          5. Subject presents with an anomalous physical or anatomical condition that precludes\n             ProLung Test measurement.\n\n          6. Subject will have undergone unusually strenuous exercise within 24 hours.\n\n          7. Subject who has significant systemic diseases such as uncontrolled diabetes, advanced\n             heart failure, or a recent myocardial infarction, or other medical condition such as\n             severe morbid obesity that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator would make\n             him/her unsuitable for the Study.Xx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior bilateral surgical oophorectomy, orXx_NEWLINE_xXActive uncontrolled infection [i.e., antibiotic, antifungal or antiviral intervention indicated or surgical procedure (i.e., pleural or deep abscess drainage) conducted within 15 days prior to inclusion].Xx_NEWLINE_xXAcuity of surgical needs: Subjects with acute neurologic compromise, symptoms of impending cerebral herniation, or other condition(s) necessitating urgent or emergent neurosurgical intervention to be planned within 2 hours not eligible. NOTE: If subject is enrolled on study, receives study medication and subsequently condition worsens such that urgent surgical intervention is felt to be in best interest of subject, best interest of subject should always take precedence over timing between study medication and surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologically confirmed diagnosis of metastatic or recurrent SCCHN of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx. Disease must be unsuitable for curative surgical resection and must not be amenable to curative radiotherapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must have histologically or cytologically confirmed esophageal, colorectal or pancreatic adenocarcinoma (inclusive of high grade dysplasia) on a biopsy prior to surgery and must be scheduled for surgical resection, inclusive of endoscopic mucosal resection, of the primary tumor. Subjects at any cancer stage will be enrolled.Xx_NEWLINE_xXProgressive disease post-surgical castration or during androgen suppression therapy (pre-secondary hormone CRPC) ORXx_NEWLINE_xX