At least 21 days must have elapsed from prior systemic therapy (chemotherapy or radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have at least one lesion that has not previously been irradiated (and is not within a previously radiated field) and for which palliative radiation is potentially indicated and could be safely delivered at the radiation doses specified in this protocol; this lesion must not be the only measurable lesion so that it is still possible to determine the response rate outside of the radiation treatment field; this lesion must not be within the central nervous system (CNS) (brain or spinal cord) or requiring urgent or emergent palliative radiation given the timing of radiation specified on this protocol; furthermore, this lesion: \r\n* For cohort 1 (NSCLC cohort) – the lesion to be irradiated must be in the lung, lymph nodes, adrenal gland or liver \r\n* For cohort 2 (colorectal cohort) – the lesion to be irradiated must be in the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior intra-thoracic radiation therapy; NOTE: previous radiotherapy as part of treatment for head and neck, breast, or other non-thoracic cancer is permitted so long as possible radiation fields would not overlap; previous chemotherapy or surgical resection specifically for the lung cancer being treated on this protocol is NOT permitted; no prior lung resection on the ipsilateral sideXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants who have received any other investigational agents within the 4 weeks prior to enrollment; concurrent radiation therapy is not permitted, except palliative (limited-field) radiation therapy, if all of the following criteria are met:\r\n* Repeat imaging demonstrates no new sites of bone metastases\r\n* The lesion being considered for palliative radiation is not a target lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXUnderwent hepatic radiation, chemoembolization, and radiofrequency ablation <4 weeks prior to Day 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the liver that would result in excessive doses to normal tissues due to overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXTherapy-related MDS (defined as the occurrence of MDS due to prior exposure to systemic chemotherapy and/or radiation for malignancy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust have received first-line multimodal therapy with surgery followed by temozolomide (unless MGMT promoter unmethylated) and radiation (subjects with GBM must have received temozolomide and radiation concurrently)Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 14 days after local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); at least 150 days must have elapsed if prior traumatic brain injury (TBI), craniospinal XRT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; at least 42 days must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow radiation, including therapeutic doses of Iobenguane (MIBG)Xx_NEWLINE_xXEnrolled on SJMB12 and completed protocol directed radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received radiation therapy within the last 4 weeks; radiation exposure may not exceed 30% of marrow areaXx_NEWLINE_xXAll women who undergo breast conserving therapy must receive concomitant radiotherapy; radiation after mastectomy is to be administered according to pre-specified institutional guidelines; radiation must be completed at least 21 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have completed either breast-conserving surgery or total mastectomy, with negative margins and appropriate axillary staging; a negative margin is defined as no evidence of tumor or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at the line of resection; additional operative procedures may be performed to obtain clear margins\r\n* Patients who had breast-conserving surgery must have completed whole breast radiation; use of regional nodal basin radiation will be at the discretion of the investigator according to institutional guidelines\r\n* Patients with >= 4 positive lymph nodes must have completed breast/chest wall and nodal basin radiation therapy according to standard of care guidelines before randomization; omission of radiation therapy is not allowed in this high-risk population of patients\r\n* Patients must be registered at least 21 days after completion of radiation therapy and must have recovered (=< grade 1) from any of the effects of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo neoadjuvant radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXSTEP I: Patients must have received no more than one cycle (4 weeks or less) of prior chemotherapy and no more than 160 mg of prior dexamethasone (or equivalent dose of prednisone) for treatment of symptomatic myeloma; they should not have been exposed to lenalidomide, bortezomib or carfilzomib for treatment of symptomatic myeloma; prior radiation therapy to symptomatic lesions is allowed provided there are no residual toxicity related to radiation and blood counts that meet the study requirementsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have completed any prior radiation therapy and hormonal therapy at least 14 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo radiation therapy =< 4 weeks before pre-registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy must in general have been completed >= 2 weeks prior to randomization and patients must have recovered from the toxicity of the radiation\r\n* NOTE: Patients may receive concurrent radiation therapy to painful sites of bony disease or areas of impending fracture as long as sites of measurable or non-measurable disease outside the radiation therapy port are available to followXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior breast or thoracic radiation therapy (RT) for any conditionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients cannot have had prior chemotherapy or biologic therapy for small cell lung cancer for front line treatment; patients receiving prior whole brain radiation cannot register within 7 days after completion of radiation, and must have resolved adverse events attributed to radiation to =< grade 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have had prior radiation therapy within 14 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy, but must have measurable disease outside the radiation port; at least 14 days must have elapsed since completion of prior radiation therapy; patients must have recovered from all associated toxicities at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo treatment with radiation therapy =< 28 days before study registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have had previous irradiation to the head and neck that would result in overlap in radiation fields for the current diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients for whom radiation therapy (RT) to the affected breast or chest wall and regional nodal areas is clinically indicated as per NCCN treatment guidelines, should receive RT after randomization when possible, and receive MK-3475 (pembrolizumab) concurrent with RT, if randomized to the experimental arm; however, RT administered, or initiated, prior to registration is also allowed; pembrolizumab may be added to ongoing radiation, or started after its completion, if randomized to the experimental arm, provided there are no > grade 2 radiation-related skin toxicities; patients who have not yet started radiation must specify at the time of screening registration whether or not they will receive RT and the extent of intended RTXx_NEWLINE_xXExternal beam radiation therapy within 4 weeks of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy, including brachytherapy, to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease that is currently not amenable to surgery, radiation, or combined modality therapy with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients pre-registering after the completion of radiation therapy, documentation of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy containing < 10% clonal plasma cells prior to start of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXFor all patients:\r\n* Radiation dose should range from 4500 cGy to 6000 cGy\r\n* No treatment for this disease following radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants may not have had radiation to the lung fields within four weeks (28 days) of starting treatment; for patients receiving palliative radiation to thoracic vertebrae, ribs or other sites where the radiation field includes the lungs, radiation must be completed at least two weeks before starting treatment; for all palliative radiation to all other sites, at least 7 days must have elapsed prior to starting to treatment; at least six months (180 days) must have elapsed from radiation given with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXNo other chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 14 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received any previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy for glioma; note: patients who have a history of prior low grade glioma (with or without a distant history of prior surgery for that glioma), but who have never received prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the glioma are eligible for the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least one site of metastatic disease or primary disease must be determined by radiation oncologist to be treatable with radiation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the head or neck (except for T1 glottic cancer), resulting in overlap of radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the pelvis that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients planning to receive EPP must also be evaluated for appropriateness of radiation therapy (RT) by a radiation oncologist within 14 days prior to step 2 registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients having received palliative radiotherapy for extracranial metastasis(es) are eligible as long as there are 2 cancerous deposits that have not received prior radiation therapy (RT) and they meet the following criteria\r\n* No prior radiation therapy (> 5 Gy) to the metastasis intended to be treated with SBRTXx_NEWLINE_xX>= 2 weeks must have elapsed since local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); >= 6 weeks must have elapsed since treatment with therapeutic doses of M-Iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG); >= 3 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal XRT was received, if >= 50% of the pelvis was irradiated, or if total-body irradiation (TBI) was received; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow irradiation was given\r\n* Subjects should not have any clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy (i.e., radiation esophagitis or other inflammation of the viscera)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy (RT) (any site) with concurrent lapatinib defined as 1 or more days on which the patient received both radiation therapy and lapatinib on the same dayXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields except patients who have progressed following stereotactic radiosurgery for 1-3 brain metastases, with at least one new lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXNo radiation therapy (other than to the brain) within 14 days of day 1 of protocol chemotherapy except radiation to brain metastases, which must be completed 7 days prior to start of chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo large (>= 2 cm) hemorrhagic or symptomatic brain metastases until local treatment has been administered (radiation therapy or surgery); treatment may begin >= 7 days after completion of local treatment; patients with small (< 2 cm) and asymptomatic brain metastases are allowed and may be treated with radiation therapy and/or surgery concurrently with Arm A or cycles 1 and 2 of Arm B if deemed medically indicated; radiation therapy should not be given concurrently with high-dose carboplatin or etoposideXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment\r\n* Cohort A: No prior therapy received other than surgery\r\n* Cohort B: Prior radiation therapy required (any type of prior radiation is allowed)\r\n** For patients treated with external beam radiation therapy, interstitial brachytherapy or radiosurgery, an interval of >= 3 months must have elapsed from completion of radiation therapy to registration\r\n** Recovered to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 1 or less toxicity attributed to radiation with exception of alopecia, fatigue\r\n* For patients enrolling on Cohort A or Cohort B:\r\n** For patients treated with surgery, an interval of >= 21 days must have elapsed prior to registration\r\n** No prior treatment with BRAF or MEK inhibitors\r\n** Steroid dosing stable for at least 4 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed; patients must not have received minimal radiation therapy (=< 5% of their total marrow volume) within 3 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; otherwise, patients must not have received radiation therapy (> 5% of their total marrow volume) within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; patients who have received prior radiation to 50% or more of their total marrow volume will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within 28 days of starting the study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXWashout period should be at least 2 weeks for prior chemotherapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of initiating treatment; Must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitisXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject is within 12 weeks of completion of radiation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave received only one prior radiation treatment course; prior radiation course must have been with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least a 6 month interval since completion of prior radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXBased on prior radiation records, have had most of the tumor volume (> 50%) previously radiated at doses >= 45 gray (Gy) without exceeding spinal cord tolerance (combining previous and future radiation dose to 1 cc of the spinal cord of =< 60 Gy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with radiation therapy or surgery within one month prior to study entry.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologic proof of malignancy suitable for thoracic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy to the head and neck; prior radiation therapy to body sites other than the head and neck are permitted provided that the treating radiation oncologist determines that there is no overlap between the head and neck radiation plan and the prior radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants who have had prior radiation therapy to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXNo active malignancy; participants that received curative treatment for a prior cancer are eligible provided there is no prior head and neck radiation and no prior chemotherapy or anti-EGF or anti-HER2 therapy as aboveXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received radiation therapy > 5 years ago for malignancies other than breast cancer and whose radiation therapy field is not overlapping with the 20% isodose line of current radiation field are eligible, provided that radiation therapy was completed > 5 years ago and that there is no evidence of the second malignancy at the time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy or radionuclide therapy for the treatment of metastasisXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgery or radiotherapy within 14 days of initiating study drug(s). Patients must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not required corticosteroids and have not had radiation pneumonitis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not receive or have received any radiation therapy at the biopsy sites.Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceived radiation therapy to the lung > 30 Gy within 6 months of first dose of study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceipt of radiation therapy within 3 weeks of scheduled C1D1 dosing, unless the radiation comprised a limited field to non-visceral structures (e.g., limb bone metastasis).Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceived more than 30 Gy of radiation in the thoracic region within 26 weeks prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXStable brain metastasis allowed (> 2 weeks, clinically stable post treatment with surgery +/- radiation or radiation alone and off steroids)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMeningioma that have resulted from prior radiation therapy are allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients treated with external beam radiation, interstitial brachytherapy or radiosurgery, an interval >= 24 weeks must have elapsed from completion of radiation therapy (XRT) to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be a candidate for surgery (as per treating surgeon) and be able to tolerate proton radiation and chemotherapy (as per treating radiation oncologist and medical oncologist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior radiation to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks of study treatment startXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to the initiation of study drug.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologically confirmed glioblastoma that is progressive or recurrent following radiation therapy and temozolomide according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria with:\r\n* New contrast-enhancing lesion outside of radiation field on decreasing, stable, or increasing doses of corticosteroids\r\n* Increase by >= 25% in the sum of the products of perpendicular diameters between the postradiotherapy scan with the smallest tumor measurement and a scan at least 12 weeks from completion of radiation therapy (RT) + temozolomide (TMZ), on stable or increasing doses of corticosteroids\r\n** Note: clinical deterioration not attributable to concurrent medication or comorbid conditions is sufficient to declare progression on current treatment but not for entry onto a clinical trial for recurrenceXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be in first recurrence of glioblastoma following radiation therapy and temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPulse oximetry of > 95% on room air in patients who previously received radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior immunotherapy allowed or prior alkylating agents or prior radiation to the brainXx_NEWLINE_xX>= 2 weeks must have elapsed for local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port) and enrollment on study; at least 24 weeks must have elapsed since prior total body irradiation (TBI), radiation to >= 50% of pelvis, or craniospinal radiation; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if the patient has received other substantial bone marrow radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a history of prior cranial radiation are ineligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (except palliative to relieve bone pain) within 2 weeks of study entry; palliative radiation (=< 10 fractions) must have been completed at least 48 hours prior to study entry; stereotactic or small field brain irradiation must have completed at least 2 weeks prior to study entry; whole brain radiation must have completed at least 4 weeks prior to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the chest [Period 2]Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy to ipsilateral breast [Period 1]Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for breast cancer within 2 weeks of dosing and planning to have radiation therapy during participation in this study.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation therapy to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXPost-ASCT anti-lymphoma or investigational therapy; immediate post-ASCT consolidative radiation therapy is allowed as long as it occurs prior to initiation of study therapy; baseline imaging and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) must be performed after completion of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy:\r\n* Patients may have received prior radiation therapy in either the metastatic or early-stage setting\r\n* Radiation therapy must be completed at least 14 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior to registration, patients must be ? 14 days for local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); ? 90 days must have elapsed if prior total body irradiation (TBI), craniospinal XRT or if ? 50% radiation of pelvis; ? 45 days must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation in the current area of disease requiring radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy (RT) of greater dose intensity than 100 Gy2 based on a biological effective dose (BED) calculationXx_NEWLINE_xXCutaneous, subcutaneous soft tissue, or superficial lymphatic metastasis that is amenable to injection and irradiation and > 10 mm in longest dimension\r\n* Cutaneous metastasis in a region of previous radiation therapy is amenable to radiation therapy as part of this protocol if at least 6 months has elapsed since prior radiotherapy and the dose of radiotherapy previously administered did not exceed an equivalent dose of 60 Gy in 2 Gy equivalent fractions at the skin surface (using linear-quadratic modeling with alpha/beta = 11.5)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust have failed previous radiation treatment or combined treatment with temozolomide and radiation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXIf progression of disease occurs within three months of conformal radiation, it must be outside of the radiation field or proven by biopsy/resection.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has completed chemo-radiation within the last three months, unless new contrast enhancement is outside of radiation field, or there is tissue proven recurrence or progression.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation within 2 weeks of starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapy:\r\n* There is no limit on the number of prior surgeries, radiation therapy, radiosurgery treatments or systemically administered therapeutic agents\r\n* Patients may have been treated with standard external beam radiation or radiosurgery in any combination, however, an interval of >= 12 weeks (84 days) must have elapsed from the completion of the radiation therapy to start of study therapy unless there is histopathologic confirmation of recurrent tumor or there is new enhancing tumor outside the radiation field (beyond the high dose region or the 80% isodose line)\r\n** In addition, there must be subsequent evidence of tumor progression after completion of radiation therapy\r\n* An interval of >= 28 days and full recovery (no ongoing safety issues) from surgical resection (>= 7 days from stereotactic biopsy)\r\n* For prior systemic agents, participants must be at least 4 weeks (or 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter) from other prior cytotoxic chemotherapy (6 weeks from nitrosoureas) or biologic therapiesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed; patients must not have received radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (XRT): at least 14 days after local palliative XRT (small port); 6 weeks must have elapsed since treatment with therapeutic doses of 131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine sulfate (I^131-MIBG); at least 150 days must have elapsed if prior traumatic brain injury (TBI), craniospinal XRT, or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; at least 42 days must have elapsed if other substantial brain metastases (BM) radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXMust not have received any of the following prior therapies or treatments: systemic therapy for the study cancer, radiation therapy to the head and neck region, or curative-intent surgery in the head and neck regionXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXStable brain metastases allowed (> 2 weeks, clinically-stable post treatment with surgery +/- radiation or radiation alone and off steroids)Xx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must have developed progressive disease after receiving prior radiation therapy and must have an interval of at least 12 weeks from the completion of any radiation therapy to study entry (unless progressive tumor growth is outside the radiation field or there is histopathological confirmation of recurrent tumor)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of the study regimenXx_NEWLINE_xXAny radiation therapy in prior 2 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 7 days before the first dose of cabozantinib; subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy less than or equal to 4 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before planned first dose of study drug. Systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before planned first dose of study drug. Subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXCurrent concomitant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy other than as specified in the protocol; consolidative radiation therapy (RT) after completion of planned course and/or concurrent intrathecal chemotherapy for central nervous system (CNS) disease prophylaxis is permissibleXx_NEWLINE_xXHad therapeutic radiation therapy or major surgery within 4 weeks before study drug treatment or palliative radiation therapy within 2 weeks before study drug treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is acceptable but there cannot be major overlap of the previously irradiated tissues with the new radiation treatment volumes anticipated to be delivered for the purposes of this protocol, in such a way that curative intent with radiation cannot be met; furthermore, the total dose from all radiation delivered and expected to be delivered should not exceed the suggested dose constraints given for normal structuresXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields in such a way that curative intent with radiation cannot be metXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with widespread superficial multifocal BCC who are considered unresectable due to breadth of involvement and do not have a single definable area of disease amenable to radiation therapy targeting\r\n* Note: if an area including one or more lesions is definable for radiation therapy targeting, the patient may be eligible for treatment on study using the designated target lesion(s) identified by the investigatorXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants who have received radiation therapy within 2 weeks of starting study drug; Note: participants who have received radiation therapy to a small volume (e.g. stereotactic radiosurgery to the CNS) will be eligible if completed > 1 week prior to starting study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior palliative radiation must have been completed at least 2 weeks prior to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have been previously treated with radiation therapy and temozolomide (bevacizumab-naive – groups 1 and 3) or radiation therapy, temozolomide and bevacizumab (bevacizumab-exposed – groups 2 and 4); therapy with these agents may be given together or sequentially in the pastXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation requirements\r\n* For bevacizumab-naive patients (groups 1 and 3) a minimum of 6 months must have elapsed since completion of initial radiation therapy for study entry, and there is no minimum time since completion of last chemotherapy\r\n* For bevacizumab-exposed patients (groups 2 and 4) minimum of 3 months must have elapsed since completion of initial radiation therapy and there is no minimum time since completion of last chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXENDOCRINE RESISTANT COHORT: Prior treatment of this cancer including:\r\n* Surgery\r\n* Radiation therapy\r\n* ChemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with radiation to the thoracic regionXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 14 days prior to first doseXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXTREATMENT: Pulse oximetry of > 95% on room air in patients who previously received radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAndrogen deprivation therapy prior to radiation is allowed. However, it is not acceptable if continued during radiation or as adjuvant therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xX>= 6 months must have elapsed if the patient has received involved field XRT or gamma knife that includes all target lesions (i.e., there is no restriction if a new lesion arises outside the radiation field or a non-irradiated lesion progresses); >= 6 months must have elapsed if the patient has received craniospinal XRT; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if patient has received radiation to areas outside optic gliomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy within 4 weeks of treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. Systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. Subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation to all target lesions within 12 weeks of study baseline,Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior local therapy:\r\n* Prior surgery, whole brain radiation or SRS is allowed as long as the most recent brain progression is amenable to SRS treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior liver radiation therapy (RT) is an exclusion unless subject participation is approved by the principal investigator (PI)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within 14 days prior to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy or radiosurgery (including prophylactic cranial radiation and/or thoracic radiation) must have been completed at least 2 weeks prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE II INCLUSION CRITERIA: Prior radiotherapy or radiosurgery (including prophylactic cranial radiation and/or thoracic radiation) must have been completed at least 2 weeks prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study therapy or received lung radiation therapy of >30 Gray (Gy) within 6 months of the first dose of study therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHas recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, does not require corticosteroids, and has not had radiation pneumonitisXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior radiation or chemotherapy may be enrolled on this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXAny external beam radiation treatment for hepatic disease; prior external beam radiation therapy to more than 25% of the bone marrow\r\n* Prior systemic peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) treatment is allowed, if it was performed at least six months priorXx_NEWLINE_xXreceived external beam radiation therapy within 4 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation within 2 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXLocal radiation therapy (RT) is allowed as needed to manage symptoms appropriately, as long as there remains a measurable lesion in the CNSXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have least 1 non-central nervous system (CNS) based lesion; palliative radiation must be potentially indicated for at least one lesion, and this lesion must be a reasonable candidate for radiation to a dose of 8 Gy in 3-5 fractions as deemed by a treating radiation oncologist in terms of the ability to meet standardly accepted radiation dose constraints; any unirradiated lesions must not require urgent palliative local treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy: patients must be at least 2 weeks from prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXMay have received prior radiation therapy or surgery; however, at least 21 days must have elapsed since completion of radiation therapy or surgery and subject must have recovered from all side effects at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPre-planned concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy during protocol treatment; radiation therapy is not permitted while on studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation therapy may have been received but not within the 30 days prior to study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to the initiation of study drug administration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior systemic radiation therapy (either IV, intrahepatic or oral) completed at least 4 weeks prior to study drug administration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy:\r\n* Patients must be at least 3 months from prior radiation therapy\r\n* Re-irradiation of the same field is not allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived more than one course of radiation therapy or more than a total dose of 75 Gy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be adequately recovered from surgery, radiation therapy, or any surgical complications prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent use of hypoglycemic agents or any systemic therapy for melanoma; palliative limited-field radiation therapy will be allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy in either the metastatic or early-stage setting; radiation therapy must be completed at least 14 days prior to study participation and patients should have recovered from adverse effects of radiation to grade =< 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust be proceeding with breast/chest wall and nodal radiation therapy including internal mammary node treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received any prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy or bone marrow transplant for the treatment of DIPG; prior dexamethasone and/or surgery are allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have therapy for this recurrence (including radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior adjuvant or salvage radiation or not a candidate for radiation based upon clinical assessment of disease characteristics and patient co-morbidities.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNot recovered from radiation and chemotherapy-induced AEsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 4 weeks (wks) since prior radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgery (not including TURP), cryosurgery, radiofrequency ablation, chemotherapy or radiation for PCaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy completed =< 7 days prior to the start of study drugsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with systemic radiopharmaceuticals (e.g., radium-223 and strontium-89). Radiopharmaceuticals for the purpose of imaging are permitted. Focal palliative radiation to treat cancer-related pain is permitted provided that the last treatment with radiation is at least 14 days prior to Cycle 1, Day 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received any prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy or bone marrow transplant for the treatment of their tumor; prior use of temozolomide during radiation at maximum of the standard pediatric dosing (defined as 90 mg/m^2 /dose continuously during radiation therapy for 42 days) or dexamethasone is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone radiation therapy and surgery as part of their standard of care\r\n* Stratum A: Radiation therapy must have started within 4 weeks of diagnosis by imaging or surgery, whichever is later\r\n* Stratum B: For subjects undergoing surgery for more extensive resection, radiation therapy should be started within 4-6 weeks from surgery\r\n* H3.3K27 mutation must have been confirmed in the tumor tissue in a CLIA approved laboratoryXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation to the ipsilateral breastXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiotherapy with a limited field of radiation for palliation within 1 week of the first dose of study treatment, with the exception of patients receiving radiation to more than 30% of the bone marrow or with a wide field of radiation which must be completed within 4 weeks of the first dose of study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy in the previous 4 weeks prior to first dose.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the head and neck regionXx_NEWLINE_xXMay be candidate for, have failed, or does not wish to undergo radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation therapy to the affected siteXx_NEWLINE_xX>= 2 weeks off radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within 30 days prior to study Cycle 1 Day 1 and/or persistence of radiation-related adverse effectsXx_NEWLINE_xXSpinal cord compression not definitively treated with surgery and/or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the head or neck (except for T1 glottic cancer), that would result in overlap of radiation fields.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous regional treatment (includes surgery, radiation or liver-directed arterial or ablative therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy to the region for separate cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment includes localized radiation therapy with or without chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior receipt of ipsilateral breast or chest wall radiation that would result in significant overlap of radiation therapy fields; prior contralateral radiotherapy for breast cancer is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXexternal beam radiation within 2 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived radiation therapy to the lung that is > 30 Gy within 6 months of the first dose of study drug.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have received prior radiation for this lung cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the larynx area or involved neck.Xx_NEWLINE_xX?14 days for chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or radiation therapy. Subjects must also not have had radiation pneumonitis as a result of treatment, and cannot participate in the study if they are on chronic corticosteroids for radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation to non-central nervous system (CNS) disease with sponsor approval. Note: Bisphosphonates and denosumab are permitted medications.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the head or neck (except for T1 glottic cancer), resulting in overlap of radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma derived from their RRP who are not considered appropriate for surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy by their treating oncology team may be considered eligible for the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have had previous treatment with definitive surgery or radiation therapy or cryoablationXx_NEWLINE_xXRecent chemotherapy or radiation therapy (within 14 days before first dose of lenzilumab)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have received prior radiation therapy to a site of recurrence which would require overlap of appreciable radiation doseXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation w/in 4 wks, or limited field radiation w/in 2 wks, prior to study drug, or w/unresolved Grade ?1 side effectsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation to spine/pelvis bone or chemoradiation to pelvic organsXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has received prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXCOHORT I: History of radiation to the head and neck area (defined as above the clavicles) greater than 6 months previousXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation therapy, either via external beam or brachytherapy within 28 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (palliative setting is allowed.): ?4 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients following definitive radiation therapy or cryotherapy: a rise in PSA of > 2 ng/mL above the nadir (per Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG]-American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology [ASTRO] consensus criteria)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation therapy to the target lesion(s) within 1 month prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRecent prior therapy:\r\n* Systemic chemotherapy =< 2 weeks (6 weeks for clofarabine or nitrosoureas) or radiation therapy =< 3 weeks prior to apheresis;\r\n** Exceptions:\r\n*** There is no time restriction in regard to prior intrathecal chemotherapy provided there is complete recovery from any acute toxic effects of such;\r\n*** Subjects receiving hydroxyurea may be enrolled provided there has been no increase in dose for at least 2 weeks prior to starting apheresis;\r\n*** Patients who are on standard ALL maintenance type chemotherapy (vincristine, 6-mercaptopurine, oral methotrexate, or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive [Ph+] ALL) may be enrolled provided that chemotherapy is discontinued at least 1 week prior to apheresis\r\n*** Subjects receiving steroids may be enrolled, provided there has been no increase in dose for at least 1 week prior to starting apheresis;\r\n*** For radiation therapy: radiation therapy must have been completed at least 3 weeks prior to enrollment (including CNS radiation), with the exception that there is no time restriction if the volume of bone marrow treated is less than 10% and also the subject has measurable/evaluable disease outside the radiation portXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have disease that is not amenable to potentially curative resection; either primary in-situ (or locally-recurrent) tumor must be present and, in the opinion of radiation oncology, be amenable to radiation therapy as planned in the protocol or an extrapancreatic lesion which in the opinion of the radiation oncologist is amenable to radiation; each case will be discussed at gastrointestinal (GI) tumor board with multidisciplinary teamXx_NEWLINE_xXPulse oximetry of > 95% on room air in patients who previously received radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPlans for pelvic radiation while participating in the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients that have been treated with prior mantle field radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a history of prior cranial radiation are ineligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy to a study target tumor within 1 year prior to enrollment, or any radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation is permitted; however, at least 2 weeks must have elapsed since the completion of prior radiation therapy and patients must have recovered from all radiation-associated toxicities to no greater than grade 1 at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) (other than biopsy or tonsillectomy) is allowed at time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation dose of at least 50 gray (Gy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy within 1 month of study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior head and neck radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXMinimum interval since completion of radiation treatment is 12 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients requiring emergency radiation therapy are eligible for enrollment on this trialXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy or radiation for lung cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXAll previous cancer therapy including radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, must have been discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to treatment in this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXMust be candidates for radiation treatment to bone lesionsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior radiation of osseous lesionsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the breast or thorax.Xx_NEWLINE_xXEmergent radiation therapy, one dose of intrathecal chemotherapy, and up to 7 days of steroids for treatment of relapse are permitted before start of treatment in participants who relapse after completion of frontline therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide, are permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed but there should not be overlap with the prior high dose regions unless approved by the protocol directorsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radical radiation therapy to the head and neck, excluding superficial radiation therapy to cutaneous SCC or basal cell carcinoma, which is not within or overlapping the tumour bedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy must be completed at least 14 days prior to registration for protocol therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously received radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who had clinical and/or radiographic (MRI) progression of tumor following external beam radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with any prior pelvic radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior systemic and/or radiation therapy. All adverse events associated with prior systemic therapy or radiation therapy must have resolved to =< grade 1 prior to start of studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy with 400 cGY or more of TBI.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas a known contraindication to radiation therapy, including inherited syndromes associated with hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation such as ataxia-telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received other chemotherapeutics or investigational agents in addition to their radiation therapy and concomitant temozolomide treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXLocal palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port) ?2 weeks before first dose of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior total body irradiation, total craniospinal XRT, or ?50% radiation of pelvis within 6 months of receiving first dose of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should have discontinued all previous intensive therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy for 2 weeks prior to commencing therapy on this study\r\n* NOTE: low dose chemotherapy or maintenance chemotherapy given within 7 days of planned study enrollment is permitted; these include hydroxyurea, 6-meraptopurine, oral methotrexate, vincristine, oral etoposide, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); FLT-3 inhibitors can also be given up to 3 days before conditioning regimen\r\n* All patients with prior radiation treatment to the lung, liver, and kidney will be excluded; for other scenarios of prior radiation treatment, up to 2000 centigray (cGY) at 2 gray (Gy) per day will be allowed; inclusion of patients with previous radiation exposure will be determined based on the radiation oncologist medical doctor (MD) evaluation and judgmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation to the mediastinumXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study treatment. Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (=< 2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-central nervous system (CNS) diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior thoracic radiation is allowable if degree of overlap with the esophageal radiotherapy treatment is deemed to be safe by the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received radiation therapy, radionuclide therapy or undergone surgery within certain duration (4 weeks) of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior major surgical procedure or radiation therapy within 4 weeks of initiation of therapy (this does not include limited course of radiation used for management of bone pain within 7 days of initiation of therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent therapy considered investigational\r\n* NOTE: patients must not be planning to receive any radiation therapy (except localized radiation for palliative care that must be completed prior to starting cycle 1, day 1)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation treatment to the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXConcomitant use of any other anti-cancer therapy or radiation therapy. Palliative radiation therapy to non-target lesions is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy that would exclude the use of TMLIXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior thermal ablation, embolotherapy, radioembolization, or external beam radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy with anything other than standard radiation therapy (i.e., focally directed radiation) administered as first line therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSpinal cord compression that has not definitively treated with surgery and/or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xX1 week for prior palliative radiation therapy, or 2 weeks if prior brain radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy with 400cGy or more of TBI.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSTRATUM A: Participants must have had their last fraction of radiation at least 4 weeks prior to study enrollment; participants who received radiation therapy for palliation must have had their last fraction of radiation at least 2 weeks prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXSTRATUM B: Participants must have had their last fraction of radiation at least 4 weeks prior to study enrollment; participants who received radiation therapy for palliation must have had their last fraction of radiation at least 2 weeks prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXSTRATUM C: Participants must have had their last fraction of radiation at least 4 weeks prior to study enrollment; participants who received radiation therapy for palliation must have had their last fraction of radiation at least 2 weeks prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must not have had prior radiation therapy (defined as > 10% of prior prescription dose) to the area planning to be treated with SBRTXx_NEWLINE_xXHad prior treatment of glioblastomas (GBM) with radiation and temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the prostate or lower pelvis encompassing the prostateXx_NEWLINE_xXAgreeable to consider radiation therapy (RT) for the urothelial cancer: patients have to be evaluated by a radiation oncologist and deemed to be candidates for RTXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be excluded from randomization if they meet any of the following criteria:\r\n* Any of the exclusion criteria; \r\n* Complete response to osimertinib or prior treatment to all visible lesions, such that no lesion is amenable to LCT. Note that patients can receive palliative radiation therapy prior to randomization to CNS lesions or those requiring urgent treatment (e.g. for pain or bleeding), but are only eligible for the study if they have one site amenable to further radiation therapy. In addition, these lesions will be counted towards the total number of metastases, and will also be counted as target lesionsXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with radiation therapy within 2 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXStereotactic radiosurgery candidate per radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious whole brain radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy to lesion to be resectedXx_NEWLINE_xXNot a radiosurgical candidate per radiation oncologist’s discretionXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiographic evidence of progression/recurrence of the measurable disease more than 12 weeks after the end of initial radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 2 weeks must have elapsed since the research participant received his/her last dose of prior chemotherapy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation that would overlap with the intended treatment to the prostate bedXx_NEWLINE_xXMust have completed prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy at least 2 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects may have previously treated brain or central nervous system (CNS) metastasis with radiation completed at least 2 weeks prior to registration; prior radiation to places other than CNS disease must be completed at least 14 days prior to registration; any number of prior radiation therapy regimens is allowed provided all toxicity of prior therapy is resolved to grade 1 or less.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must have received definitive therapy with curative intent, which consist of at least 4 weeks of treatment with cisplatin and a minimum of 40Gy external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks of investigational product.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologically proven glioblastoma or gliosarcoma which is progressive or recurrent (per RANO criteria) following radiation therapy and temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be in first recurrence of glioblastoma following radiation therapy and temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have recovered from severe toxicity of prior therapy; an interval of at least 12 weeks must have elapsed since the completion of radiation therapy or placement of Gliadel wafers, and at least 6 weeks must have elapsed from the last dose of temozolomide (TMZ); no prior therapies are allowed other than radiation, temozolomide, and Gliadel wafers (placed during the first surgery at diagnosis of GBM)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the head or neck in overlap of radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior cytotoxic regimens are allowed for this malignancy. Patients may not have had prior chemotherapy or prior radiation therapy to the ipsilateral breast for this malignancy. Prior bis-phosphonate therapy is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior head and neck radiation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic or abdominal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who had undergone any palliative radiation within 2 weeks of study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have received prior radiation therapy for extramedullary disease within 2 weeks of first doseXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the prostateXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor progression after radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the chest, neck or axillaXx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent radiation sensitizing medications concurrent with radiation, per treatment physicianXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is permitted, provided it is completed at least 28 days prior to the start of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the abdomen that would overlap with treatment fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to affected areaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation treatment to the upper abdomenXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received maximally allowed doses (given in 2 Gy fractionations, or equivalent) of previous radiation therapy to various organs; patients who previously have received a higher than allowed dose of radiation to a small lung, liver and brain volume, will be evaluated by the radiation oncologist to determine if the patient is eligible for studyXx_NEWLINE_xXMust have received prior radiation therapy for brain metastases or be ineligible for radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy to the lung per investigator discretionXx_NEWLINE_xXReceipt of any biological therapy, chemotherapy, or radiation within 1 week of the Screening Visit and at least 3 weeks prior to Day 1, except for patients receiving maintenance trastuzumab.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRecovery to baseline from acute toxicity related to prior therapy, including surgery and radiation; (28 days removed from last systemic therapy, 14 days removed from last radiation therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of grade >= 2 radiation proctitisXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior or current treatment for prostate cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy (external or brachytherapy) or chemotherapy;Xx_NEWLINE_xXEligible for treatment with radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy or radiation must have concluded >= 21 days prior to the start of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have had radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to first dose of drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior salvage chemo-immunotherapy, radiation therapy, autologous transplantation are includedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy must be completed at least 2 weeks prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy for sarcoma in the same area.Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceived definitive chemotherapy and radiotherapy prior to recurrence/progression or who are unable to receive radiation therapy due to genetic disorders that put them at significant risk for radiation-induced secondary malignancies (i.e. Gorlin’s syndrome or NF1 mutation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy =< 28 days prior to registration; Note: patients with prior pelvic radiation therapy > 54 Gy are ineligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients can have had any number of prior therapies, however must have had previous therapy with at least radiotherapy; patients with oligodendroglioma must have also received chemotherapy in addition to radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapeutic radiation to the bladderXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had radiation to the lung fields within four weeks of starting treatment; for patients receiving palliative radiation to thoracic vertebrae, ribs or other sites where the radiation field includes the lungs, radiation must be completed at least two weeks before starting treatment; for all palliative radiation to all other sites, at least 7 days must have elapsed prior to starting to treatment; at least six months must have elapsed from radiation given with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 14 days of starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must otherwise be indicated for proton radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXTwo progressive scans at least 4 weeks apart after the completion of standard external beam radiation therapy and temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of brain SRS, (patients who have received external beam radiation per standard of care are allowed)Xx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled radiation treatment using intensity-modulated pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior therapeutic radiation therapy > 500 cGy has been deliveredXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the same site deemed to be too high of level of radiation for retreatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXLactation and a radiation field which would include the breast or nipple or deemed to place the mother or child at elevated risk of radiation exposure (evaluated by MRP, ARM, WR, WW)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe target lesion is one that either has never received external beam radiation or has been previously irradiated and has since demonstrated progression; any local irradiation of the target lesion or any non-target lesions via external beam, conformal or stereotactic radiation treatments must have occurred more than 4 weeks prior to study drug administration; any full cranial-spinal radiation, whether or not a target lesion is included in the field, must have occurred more than 3 months prior to study drug administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXExternal beam radiation to both kidneys (scatter doses of < 500 cGy to a single kidney or radiation to < 50% of a single kidney is acceptable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for radiotherapy (as determined by treatment physician); these patients can have symptomatic disease and/or asymptomatic disease; a minimum of one site of radiation is required to any osseous and/or any extra-osseous disease; radiation to any bony parts of the head and neck, skull, spine, ribs, and/or extremities are allowed; radiation to any bony part for documented lytic disease is allowed; radiation to any soft tissue plasmacytoma (including osseous and extra-osseous plasmacytoma) is allowed; the only exclusion criteria for radiation, is central nervous system (CNS) metastasesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment must include external beam radiation, radiosurgery, or combination of bothXx_NEWLINE_xXAbility to tolerate radiation therapy (e.g. lie flat and hold position for treatment)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy of any type within 7 days of first dose of study medicationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to head and neck region that would overlap with intended radiation treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinomaXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy (external beam or brachytherapy) to the pelvis or prostateXx_NEWLINE_xXPreviously treated with surgery, whole-brain radiation, or stereotactic radiosurgery, andXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must be at least 2 weeks from prior anti-lymphoma therapy (including radiation therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologically confirmed locally recurrent adenocarcinoma of the prostate after prior radiation (external beam radiation therapy [EBRT] or brachytherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior major surgical procedure or radiation therapy within 4 weeks of the first dose of study treatment (this does not include limited course of radiation used for management of bone pain within 7 days of first dose of study therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of scalp radiation or intolerance to standard course of radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation therapy to the brain for prior diagnosis of gliomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a history of prior thoracic radiation > 30 gray (Gy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants may have had prior chemotherapy, targeted biological therapy (i.e. sorafenib), surgery, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation, or cryosurgery for their disease as long as the prior therapy occurred more than 3 weeks before the first radiation treatment; patients may not have had prior liver directed radiation, including radioembolizationXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants who have had prior liver directed radiation treatment, including selective internal radiation (SIRspheres or Theraspheres)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas received radiation therapy within 2 weeks of study drug administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior radiation therapy (defined as > 10% of prior prescription dose) to the area planning to be treated with SBRTXx_NEWLINE_xXDetermination by the treating radiation oncologist that the patient is a candidate for SRT (i.e., radiation therapy with a stereotactic setup)\r\n* Note: All brain metastases will receive SRTXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgery, radiation therapy or systemic anti-cancer therapy within 4 weeks of study drug administration (6 weeks for mitomycin C or nitrosoureas). Palliative radiotherapy to a limited field is allowed after consultation with the medical monitor at any time during study participation, including during screening, unless it’s clearly indicative of disease progression. For Arm G, subjects who require extended field radiation therapy will be excluded.Xx_NEWLINE_xXA diagnosis of active scleroderma, lupus, or other rheumatologic disease which in the opinion of the treating radiation oncologist precludes safe radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior radiation therapy within the past 3 months where the high dose area of the prior radiation would overlap with the high dose area of the intended radiation based on the judgement of the treatment oncologist.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXExternal beam radiation therapy < 4 weeks prior to initiation of therapy on this protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior radiation therapy to the potential radiation target such that additional radiation therapy is considered unsafe by the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be >= 2 weeks from most recent systemic therapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior local radiation therapy would be allowed as long as there is at least one non-irradiated index lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation therapy to the liver (defined as > 1 gray [Gy])Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (except palliative to relieve bone pain) within 7 days of study entry; palliative radiation (=< 10 fractions) must have been completed at least 48 hours prior to study entry; stereotactic or small field brain irradiation must have been completed at least 7 days prior to study entry; whole brain radiation and radiation for leptomeningeal metastasis must have been completed at least 2 weeks prior to study entry; acute effects of radiation must have resolved to baseline severity or to CTCAE grade =< 1 except for AEs that in the investigator’s judgment do not constitute a safety risk for the patientXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received radiation therapy must have completed this at least 4 weeks prior to starting therapy with cabozantinib, with the following exceptions:\r\n* Local radiation therapy to enhance bone healing of a pathologic fracture may have been performed, as long as it was completed at least 2 weeks prior to starting cabozantinib\r\n* Local radiation therapy to treat post-fracture pain that is refractory to analgesics may have been performed, as long as it was completed at least 2 weeks prior to starting cabozantinibXx_NEWLINE_xXPhase II Exclusion Criterion Only: Patients previously treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXexternal beam radiation within 2 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXIf the patient received previous radiation therapy, the total absorbed radiation dose at the bone marrow level must be ? 1 GyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient who underwent chemotherapy, radiation therapy within 15 days before the screening periodXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within the last 14 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXSTUDY TREATMENT: Patients must have received systemic radiosensitizing chemotherapy with definitive pelvic radiation therapy; patients may have received partial amount of chemotherapy and radiation (both) to be eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (other than palliative radiation to bony metastases) as cancer therapy within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for their diagnosis of esophageal or gastric cancer. Patients with prior radiation therapy to same site for another diagnosis of cancer. Note: Patients may receive palliative radiation to their symptomatic sites of metastases but not definitive local therapy to esophageal or gastric primary prior to randomization. All patients may be enrolled on protocol then start systemic therapy; if they do not have evidence of disease progression at re-staging following initial therapy, they may be randomizedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior systemic therapy or radiation therapy for treatment of the current lung cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapy for head and neck cancer is allowed, and the number of treatments is not limited; however, any systemic therapy should have been completed at least 30 days prior to study enrollment; any radiation to the head and neck should have been completed at least 30 days prior to study enrollment; palliative radiation outside of the\r\nhead and neck does not require a washoutXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior radiation therapy to the same bronchopulmonary segmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAble to tolerate prone body positioning during radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation or surgery to the esophagus is permitted for patients with locally recurrent/persistent diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy in either the metastatic or early-stage setting; radiation therapy must be completed at least 14 days prior to study registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior mediastinal or thoracic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment plan for bladder must include at least 4 weeks of daily radiation treatment (most patients will receive chemotherapy concurrent with radiation, but this is not required for trial enrollment)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must undergo TraceIT hydrogel placement within 8 weeks prior to starting radiation therapy for bladder cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXUnable to have TraceIT hydrogel placement < 8 weeks prior to beginning radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received chemotherapy, small molecule targeted therapy or radiation within the 2 weeks of first dose of study drugsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the head and neck region.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to beginning protocol therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 6 weeks must have elapsed prior to enrollment since the patient received any prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous radiation or chemotherapy for a head and neck cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy. Point radiation to a site of bone pain will be allowed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior/concurrent radiation therapy allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 28 days from prior definitive treatment of their CNS disease by surgical resection, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or whole brain radiation treatment (WBRT) at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of symptomatic CTCAEv4 grade >= 3 pneumonitis following the initial course of definitive radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation to the abdominal area within 28 days of first dose of therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXCutaneous HNSCC must not be amenable to local treatment modalities, including surgery and/or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the pelvis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny previous local treatment of the prostate (i.e. radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received radiation therapy > 5 years ago for malignancies other than pancreatic cancer and whose radiation therapy field is not overlapping with the 20% isodose line of current radiation field are eligible, provided that radiation therapy was completed > 5 years ago and that there is no evidence of the second malignancy at the time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with bulky disease are eligible for study provided that the patient not undergo radiation therapy until 30 days after the end of blinatumomab administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy will be allowed if active measurable disease was not previously treated with radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects requiring palliative radiation therapy at presentationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 14 days of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior salvage or adjuvant radiation therapy is allowed but not mandated; radiation therapy must have been completed for at least 6 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgery, radiation or chemotherapy within 4 weeks of proposed step 1 start dateXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation involving kidneys (scatter doses of < 500 cGy to a single kidney or radiation to < 50% of a single kidney is acceptable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXWilling to undergo the following therapy: (1st) systemic chemo-hormonal therapy with up to 6-months (around 24 weeks) of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and up to 6 cycles of chemotherapy, (2nd) definitive local tumor control with adjuvant radiation therapy, and (3rd) consolidative stereotactic radiation to oligometastatic lesions; additionally, must be willing to be treated with a full two years of androgen deprivationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior local non-surgical therapy to treat prostate cancer (e.g. radiation therapy, brachytherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative (limited-field) radiation therapy is permitted, if all of the following criteria are met:\r\n* Repeat imaging demonstrates no new sites of bone metastases\r\n* The lesion being considered for palliative radiation is not a target lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has received treatment with a systemic therapeutic radioisotope (89Sr, 223Ra dichloride, 153Sm-lexidronam) or has received prior external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) of the head and/or neckXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not be eligible for therapy with curative intent (i.e. surgery, radiation, etc)Xx_NEWLINE_xXIf during treatment planning, the target dose of radiation cannot be achieved within published limits of dose limiting organs in the opinion of the treating radiation oncologist, the patient will be ruled ineligible and treated off protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXPregnancy status will be obtained at time of consent as is routine for all radiation patients; pregnant women are excluded from this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received radiation to brain and/or spine, including whole brain radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), are eligible, but must have completed radiation treatment at least 7 days prior to the start of treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy or radionuclide therapy for the treatment of metastasis within four weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPRE-SCREENING: If prior radiation, measurable lesion outside radiation portalXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy including cetuximab or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have had radiation therapy =< 12 weeks prior to starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXDiscontinued use of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or growth factors for at least 2 weeks prior to first study treatment, with the exception of hydroxyurea.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of >= 12 weeks from the end of prior radiation therapy is required unless there is either:\r\n* Histopathologic confirmation of recurrent tumor, or\r\n* New enhancement on MRI outside of the radiation treatment fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation within 6 weeks of leukapheresis. Subjects must have progressive disease in irradiated lesions or have additional non-irradiated, PET-positive lesions to be eligible. Radiation to a single lesion, if additional non-irradiated PET-positive lesions are present, is allowed up to 2 weeks prior to leukapheresis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (XRT) >= 6 months from involved field radiation to index plexiform neurofibroma(s); >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if patient has received radiation to areas outside index plexiform neurofibroma(s)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy or surgery; however, at least 14 days must have elapsed since completion of radiation therapy or surgery and patient must have recovered from all side effects at the time of registration (e.g. back to baseline or grade 1)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not be planning to receive any concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery or radiation therapy during protocol treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to randomization and not recovered to baseline from any AE due to radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received previous radiation therapy or investigational therapy for the treatment of advanced metastatic disease.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 12 weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to registration unless there is unequivocal histologic confirmation of tumor progressionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects receiving consolidative chest radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy in the month prior to enrollXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior treatment with radiation or chemotherapy for their GBMXx_NEWLINE_xXCraniotomy site must be adequately healed and free of drainage or cellulitis, and the underlying cranioplasty must appear intact at the time of radiation; radiation must start within 6 weeks of surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be either refractory to or relapsed after 1 line of therapy; prior radiation therapy is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent therapy considered to be investigational; NOTE: patients must not be planning to receive any radiation therapy (except localized radiation for palliative care that must be completed prior to starting cycle 1, day 1)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy or radiation therapy is allowed if received >= 3 weeks before study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAny radiation therapy within 21 days prior to initiating protocol therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior prostatectomy or prostatic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the prostateXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior or concurrent ipsilateral radiation therapy for invasive or noninvasive BC.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have a history of prior head and neck malignancy, but must be able to tolerate full dose radiation and chemotherapy for the current head and neck cancer, as determined by the treating oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy for the current locally advanced SCCHN is allowed; prior radiation or chemotherapy for a previous head and neck cancer is allowed provided full dose cisplatin and radiation can be delivered to the patient in this clinical trial and provided the patient is in remission from the prior head and neck cancer, and can undergo full dose radiation and chemotherapy for the current primary head and neck cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior radiation or chemotherapy may be enrolled on this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXAny chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 4 weeks of the first dose of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXGeneral history and physical examination by a radiation oncologist and medical oncologist within 4 weeks prior to enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of HNSCC receiving radiation or chemo-radiation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received radiation therapy, major surgery, other locoregional therapy, within 4 weeks prior to the first date of SBRTXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the liver that would result in excessive doses to normal tissues due to overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed if completed at least 14 calendar days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXAny radiation to the target lesions within 6 months of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXUnable to meet radiation treatment plan parametersXx_NEWLINE_xXMeasurable disease by RECIST 1.1 criteria (at least one target lesion outside of previous radiation fields or progressed within a previous radiation field)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must have a least one site of disease that is accessible to radiation and multiple biopsies; subjects may have disease that is encompassed within the radiation field or may have known disease both inside and outside of the radiation fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not be less than 12 weeks from radiation therapy, unless progressive disease outside of the radiation field or 2 progressive scans at least 4 weeks apart or histopathologic confirmationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or breast resection within 6 months of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation resulting in overlapping radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXcSCC that is curable via radiation or surgery; palliative radiation is allowed as long as measurable disease outside radiation field is present for studyXx_NEWLINE_xXCOHORT 1 (PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMITHORACIC RADIATION THERAPY)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be assessed to be a suitable candidate for hemithoracic radiation therapy per the treating radiation oncologist; if the patient undergoes pleurectomy/decortication, they must initiate hemithoracic radiation therapy within 4 months of the surgery date; patients that do not meet the dose constraints outlined below will be removed from the study prior to radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be assessed to be a suitable candidate for radiation therapy by the treating radiation oncologist; patients that do not meet the dose constraints outlined below will be removed from the study prior to radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy allowed as long as completed in the following times prior to initiation of trial treatment:\r\n* Definitive curative intent radiation >= 3 weeks prior to trial treatment\r\n* Palliative body radiation >= 1 week prior to trial treatment\r\n* Stereotactic brain radiation >= 1 week prior to trial treatment\r\n* Whole brain radiation >= 2 weeks prior to trial treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chest wall radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXEmergent need for palliative radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had cranial radiation therapy need to have completed it >= 8 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SSCHN) (other than biopsy or tonsillectomy) is allowed at time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have received prior radiation therapy and must have an interval of greater than or equal to 12 weeks (84 days) from the completion of radiation therapy to study entry except if there is unequivocal evidence for tumor recurrence (such as histological confirmation or advanced imaging data such as positron emission tomography [PET] scan) in which case the principal investigator’s discretion may determine appropriate timepoint at which study therapy may beginXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with radiation therapy, surgery, or investigational therapy within one month prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo thoracic radiation > 3000 cGy allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation proctitis (for lead-in CRPC cohort only)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the breast or prior radiation to the region of the ipsilateral breast that would result in overlap of radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation oncologist recommends radiation treatment to the supraclavicular and infraclavicular fossa (i.e. RNI)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe last radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to starting study treatment, or limited field of radiation for palliation within 2 weeks of the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXTarget lesions that have previously received radiation must have shown radiographic progression following radiation or must have other non-radiated lesions presentXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of urological surgery or procedures predisposing to genitourinary (GU) complications after radiation, i.e., anastomoses, stricture repair, transurethral resection, etc. (will be determined by radiation oncologist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologic or radiographic proof of a primary liver malignancy suitable for radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious cranial SRS/whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is allowed if > 3 months prior to single isocenter multi-target (SIMT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have not received radiation therapy as part of their prior treatment are excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative surgery and/or radiation treatment within 28 days prior to course 1 day 1 (C1D1) \r\n* Localized therapy of non-target lesions is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, antineoplastic biological therapy (e.g., cetuximab), major surgery within 3 weeks of the first dose of trial treatment; received thoracic radiation therapy of > 30 Gy within 6 months of the first dose of trial treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior local therapy to treat prostate cancer (e.g. radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, brachytherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 14 days of the first dose of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 6 weeks must have elapsed prior to enrollment since the patient received any prior radiation therapy, and the target cutaneous neurofibromas have to be in areas outside of a prior radiation fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy is not permitted within 14 days of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a secondary AML (defined as a history of prior radiation therapy or systemic chemotherapy, antecedent MDS, MPN or CMML)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have received prior radiation therapy and standard temozolomide; patients who have received additional therapies for previous progressions will be considered eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within the field of the target lesion that in the opinion of the treating radiation oncologist would preclude further palliative radiation to a dose of 30 gray (Gy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior definitive radiation therapy must have been completed at least 4 weeks before study drug administration; prior palliative radiotherapy should be completed at least 2 weeks before study drug administration; whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and focal radiation to the sites of pain or bronchial obstruction will be considered palliative; no radiopharmaceuticals (strontium, samarium) within 8 weeks before study drug administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of fractionated radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior head and neck radiation or prior chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior radiation therapy to the upper abdomenXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have had radiation therapy within 1 week prior to first dose of drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have been treated with any combination of surgical resection and neoadjuvant/adjuvant conventional chemoradiation therapy for resectable disease or conventional chemoradiation as definitive treatment for unresectable or borderline resectable disease are eligible for the study, provided that at least 180 days have elapsed since completing any previous radiation treatment; patients who have been receiving continued chemotherapy following their initial radiation treatment are eligible regardless of when the most recent chemotherapy was received; those patients who have received prior radiation therapy will constitute Cohort A and will receive SBRT as 5 Gy x 5Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior systemic (chemotherapy or biologic/molecular targeted therapy) or radiation treatment for head and neck cancer\r\n* Patients may have received chemotherapy or radiation for a previous, curatively treated non-HNSCC malignancy, provided at least 2 years have elapsed\r\n* Patients must be untreated with radiation above the claviclesXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 28 days must have elapsed (at time of starting protocol therapy) since completion of focal radiation therapy for current recurrence for Stratum 2; patients who have already undergone radiation therapy for current recurrence are NOT eligible for Stratum 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior definitive radiation therapy (XRT) is allowed if it has been 2 weeks since the end of definitive XRT; for palliative XRT, protocol-specified treatment can begin at minimum 48 hours after completion of radiation; lesions within the XRT field can only be used as target lesions if definite progression has been demonstrated since the completion of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed provided that no radiation therapy was administered to the urinary bladder\r\n* NOTE: No radiation therapy within 28 days prior to being registered for protocol therapy; laboratory values must be obtained within 14 days prior to being registered for protocol therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgery < 4 weeks or radiation therapy < 2 weeks of starting the study treatment; prior palliative radiotherapy to metastatic lesion(s) is permitted, provided there is at least one measurable lesion that has not been irradiated\r\n* Radiotherapy is defined as whole brain radiation, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), or stereotactic brain radiation (SBRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within four weeks prior to administration of the first dose of ARQ 751Xx_NEWLINE_xXTherapy-related AML (defined as occurrence of AML due to prior exposure to chemotherapy or radiation for malignancy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPlan for chemotherapy or targeted therapies during whole brain radiation or within 1 week of completing radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the brain besides radiosurgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior radiation therapy must have recovered from toxicity of the prior radiation therapy prior to registration, and must have disease evaluable for response outside of the radiation fields or have evidence of post-radiation progression of previously irradiated sites of diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to start of olaparib treatment (includes radiation targeting bone metastases) or radionuclide treatment within 6 weeks of treatment start.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to chest or abdomen, or to > 30% of the marrow cavityXx_NEWLINE_xXActive cancer that requires therapy in the form of chemotherapy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior local therapy to treat prostate cancer (e.g. radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, brachytherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior systemic and/or radiation therapy; all adverse events associated with prior systemic therapy or radiation therapy must have resolved to =< grade 1 prior to start of studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapy with gamma knife or other focal high-dose radiation is allowed, but at least 2 weeks must have elapsed from the time of treatment, and the patient must have subsequent histologic documentation of recurrence, unless the recurrence is a new lesion outside the irradiated field.Xx_NEWLINE_xXWilling to undergo the following therapy: (1st) Systemic chemo-hormonal therapy with up to 6-months (~24 weeks) of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and up to 6 cycles of chemotherapy, (2nd) definitive local tumor control with prostatectomy +/- adjuvant radiation therapy, and (3rd) consolidative stereotactic radiation to oligometastatic lesions; additionally, must be willing to be treated with a full year of androgen deprivationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior local therapy to treat prostate cancer (e.g. radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, brachytherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior whole brain radiation or conventional radiation to the spine at the site of new lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXProgressive disease via Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) on prior study or standard of care therapy utilizing an immunotherapy agent OR a clinical status that requires salvage radiation treatment (e.g.: palliative radiation therapy [RT]) at the discretion of treating physician and/or principal investigator (PI)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave at least one site of metastatic disease amenable to radiation; all lesions amenable to radiation may be irradiated at the discretion of treating radiation oncologist, depending on the location, size and number of lesionsXx_NEWLINE_xXWe will allow prior radiation to other sites, with no washout period, prior to study entry as long as the high dose regions of the prior and proposed radiation fields do not overlapXx_NEWLINE_xXHas a diagnosis of active scleroderma, lupus, or other rheumatologic disease which in the opinion of the treating radiation oncologist precludes safe radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior radiation therapy within the past 3 months where the high dose area of the prior radiation would overlap with the high dose area of the intended radiation based on the judgment of the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior standard radiation therapy to a dose ranging from 50 to 60 Gy at 1.8 to 2 Gy per fractionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior systemic therapy, radiation therapy, or surgery within the 28 days of starting study treatment; palliative radiotherapy to a limited filed or palliative cryoablation is allowed after consultation with the principal investigator, at any time during the study participation including screeningXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for treatment of the primary tumor within 6 weeks of cycle 1, day 1; patients who have received palliative radiation to a single site and recovered are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving any other investigational agents for any reason or non-investigational agents administered for the purpose of controlling cancer growth (use of conventional external beam radiation therapy will be allowed during protocol therapy solely for palliation of localized painful lesions or bone lesions at risk of fracture provided the radiation field does not encompass any selected target lesions required for assessment)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have received one and only one previous course of radiation to the brain, delivered at 1.5 - 2.5 Gy/fraction, one fraction per dayXx_NEWLINE_xXDose-volume histogram data and cross-sectional imaging from previous radiation must be obtained; electronic dosimetry records in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format from previous radiation are strongly preferredXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least one brain lesion size >= 0.3 cm in the longest axis amenable to radiation therapy (either via SRS or WBRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXWe will allow prior radiation to other sites, with no washout period, prior to study entry as long as the high dose regions of the prior and proposed radiation fields do not overlap; in patients where the prior high dose area would overlap with the high dose area of the intended radiation, a 4 month washout period will be required; the safety of such treatment will be at discretion of the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior central nervous system (CNS) radiation is allowed as long as cumulative radiation doses do not exceed tolerance of critical structures as judged by the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior radiation therapy to the bladder for the purpose of treating urothelial carcinomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious breast radiation on ipsilateral side or thoracic radiation on the ipsilateral sideXx_NEWLINE_xXBiopsy proven metastatic melanoma or non-squamous NSCLC with at least one untreated cerebral metastasis that is at least 5 mm AND twice the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slice thickness, but less than 20 mm, that is asymptomatic and does not require local therapy at the time of enrollment (“clinically evaluable lesion[s]”); an untreated brain metastasis is defined as a lesion not present at the time of whole brain radiation therapy or included in a stereotactic radiotherapy field (or within 2 mm of a treated lesion), or any lesion that is new or unequivocally progressing since prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously received therapeutic radiation therapy to the chestXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks of study enrollment (exception is radiotherapy expansion arm which requires radiation treatment within 2 week period)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE I AND PHASE II DOSE EXPANSION IN RECURRENT GBM UNDERGOING RESECTION: Is =< 12 weeks from completing external beam radiotherapy; patients with proven progressive disease (PD) by resection or with new lesions outside of the radiation field should not be excluded even if they are within 12 weeks of external radiation therapy (XRT), per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria for early PDXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy or surgeries must have been completed at least 3 weeks prior to initiation of study medication.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior mediastinal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within the last 14 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy within 2 weeks of start of protocol treatment; hydroxyurea is allowed up to 48 hours prior to starting therapy in the setting of rapidly proliferating diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious treatment with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or any targeted agents are allowed provided that:\r\n* Systemic therapy was administered >= 7 days before SRS\r\n* Radiation was not to the brain\r\n* Surgery to the brain was >= 7 days prior to SRS and there remains at least one additional brain metastasis that can be targeted with SRSXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy, chemotherapy or extirpative surgery for rectal cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXAn index lesion measuring between 1cm – 7cm that is amenable to hypofractionated radiation therapy at the discretion of the treating radiation oncologist\r\n* Index lesions in the pancreas are excluded in the second cohortXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received thoracic radiation > 30 gray (Gy) within six months of the first dose of pembrolizumabXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation is allowed prior to study start (1st dose of study medication) if at least 21 days must have elapsed since prior large-field radiation therapy and recovered from all treatment related toxicity; at least 3 months must have passed since radio-immunotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of abdominal irradiation; patients who have received prior pelvic radiation for colorectal cancer are eligible; however, prior radiation treatment plans must be reviewed prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior radiation therapy (defined as > 10% of prior prescription dose) to the area planning to be treated with SBRTXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy to the lungs and/or to the upper abdomenXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious therapeutic radiation therapy (RT) that exceeds critical structure tolerance doses as determined by a radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy in the month prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with radiation to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior radiation therapy for HNSCCXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have received radiation therapy targeting > 10% of the bone marrow space must have completed this at least 2 weeks prior to starting therapy with DS3032bXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has received prior treatment for RCC including surgery, radiation, thermoablation or systemic therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can be prescribed prior to or during radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXThe use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prior to registration or during radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE I: Any prior radiation therapy must be discontinued at least four weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE II: Any prior radiation therapy must be discontinued at least four weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXLocal Skin Radiation Therapy (< 10% skin surface): 4 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the breast or chest wallXx_NEWLINE_xXLess than 12 weeks from radiation therapy, unless progressive disease outside of the radiation field or 2 progressive scans at least 4 weeks apart or histopathologic confirmationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have had radiation therapy, but must have progressive disease after radiation therapy if the lesions to be treated are within the radiation field. Radiation treatment must be completed ? 4 weeks prior to Cycle 1 Day 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy with >= 45 Gy tumor dose, completed >= 8 weeks prior to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy with anything other than standard radiation therapy (such as previous stereotactic radiosurgery) or previous treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (i.e., nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the index spineXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will not have any other curative therapeutic option, such as radiation or surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the abdomen and/or lower thoraxXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy - At least 14 days must have elapsed for local XRT. At least 90 days must have elapsed if prior radiation to ?50% of the pelvis, the spine, or other substantial bone marrow radiation including TBI.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy to head and neck (excluding eyes), and internal organs of chest, abdomen or pelvis in the month prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for salvage radiation and ADT treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXGroup 2: must not be a candidate for radiation therapy or surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastases within 2 weeks, other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients are eligible to participate within 6 months of completion of therapy for their breast cancer; this includes prior radiation therapy if neededXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the same regional nodal basinXx_NEWLINE_xX>= 2 weeks must have elapsed for local radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); >= 6 months must have elapsed if prior radiation to >= 50% of the pelvis or if other substantial bone marrow irradiation, including total body irradiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have at least one measurable site of disease, per RECIST 1.1, that has not been previously irradiated; if the patient has had previous radiation to the marker lesion(s), there must be evidence of progression since the radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 2 weeks from prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy to time of start of treatment, except for hydroxyurea or corticosteroid therapy which may be continued through cycle 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the liver or other upper abdominal regionsXx_NEWLINE_xXHaving received radiation therapy to head and neck (excluding eyes), and internal organs of chest, abdomen or pelvis in the month prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had pelvic or abdominal radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation or chemotherapy within 4 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXExternal beam radiation therapy within 4 weeks of registration is prohibited, or anticipated need for radiation therapy (e.g. imminent pathological fracture or spinal cord compression) within 3 months of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the thorax such that composite radiation would significantly overdose critical structures, either per estimation of the treating radiation oncologist or defined by failure to meet normal tissue tolerance constraintsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within four weeks prior to administration of the first dose of study drug • To be eligible for study treatment, radiation therapy-related toxicity must recover to Grade ? 1 prior to administration of the first dose of study drug. Concurrent palliative radiotherapy for local pain-control may be allowed, provided the subject does not meet criteria of progressive disease and treated lesions will not be included in the target/non-target lesion assessment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received radiation therapy to painful bone metastases or areas of impending bone fracture as long as radiation therapy is completed >= 2 weeks prior to day 1 of cycle 1 of treatment; patients who have received prior radiotherapy must have recovered from toxicity (=< grade 2) induced by this treatment; baseline radiologic scans must be obtained after completion of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXUse of systemic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy =< 14 days prior to first registration; palliative radiation therapy is permitted for irradiating small areas of painful bony metastases that cannot be managed adequately using systemic or local analgesicsXx_NEWLINE_xXUse of systemic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy after first registration; palliative radiation therapy is permitted for irradiating small areas of painful bony metastases that cannot be managed adequately using systemic or local analgesicsXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient cannot have had prior radiation therapy to the thorax or upper abdomenXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to > 30% of the red marrow or to maximal tolerable level for any organXx_NEWLINE_xXHave had palliative radiation or biological cancer therapy within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy that would exclude the use of TMLIXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation of any kind to the prostate gland or pelvis\r\n* Prior brachytherapy is not allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXHas a diagnosis of active scleroderma, lupus, or other autoimmune disease which by the opinion of the treating radiation oncologist precludes safe radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior radiation therapy to all available thoracic and liver lesions such that additional radiation therapy is unsafe by the opinion of the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has had radiation therapy to the tumor selected for research collection, or has had radiation therapy to any site within 4 weeks prior to study day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior therapy (chemotherapy, radiation or surgery) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma other than biliary decompressionXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy in the last 14 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should have histologically confirmed chordoma by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), which is advanced and not considered resectable; if the original tissue cannot be retrieved, diagnostic documentation at an outside institution will be acceptable; they must have planned radiation therapy to at least one targeted lesion with evidence of growth prior to enrollment; the tentative radiation plan at enrollment must be in compliance with the required radiation doses; this can be given in standard or hypofractionated dosing with any technique deemed most appropriate by the treating radiation oncologist if other requirements are metXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have fully recovered from prior surgery before enrollment; prior radiation therapy is allowed provided the radiation field can safely be irradiated within the guidelines in the opinion of the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received systemic chemotherapy for at least 4 weeks, and must not have received prior radiation therapy to the tumor site being irradiated on this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may enter this study with or without salvage therapy for recurrent tumor; patients must have fully recovered from the toxic effects of any prior therapy; \r\n* Myelosuppressive chemotherapy and/or biologics: must not have received within 3 weeks of entry onto this study; (6 weeks in the case of mitomycin C or nitrosourea-containing therapy)\r\n* Radiation therapy (XRT): 6 weeks must have elapsed since completing radiation therapy to any site (6 months in the case of craniospinal, whole lung); patients are excluded if they have received local radiation which includes any of the following:\r\n** 1200 cGy to more than 33% of both kidneys (patient must have at least one kidney that has not exceeded the dose/volume of radiation listed)\r\n** 1800 cGy to more than 30% of liver and/or 900 cGy to more than 50% of liver\r\n** Prior MIBG therapy: should be at least 42 days from previous 131I-MIBG therapy and have recovered completely from all clinically significant treatment associated toxicities; patients must not exceed a lifetime cumulative injected activity of 54 mCi/kg for patients with neuroblastoma and 36 mCi/kg for patients with other MIBG avid diseases; patients must have demonstrated a response to prior MIBG therapy (either clinical, pathological and/or radiographic improvement)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior total body irradiation, prior total abdominal or whole liver radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had chemotherapy or radiation =< 2 weeks of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received radiation to the spleen within 3 months prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXHas disease which is amenable to radical treatment with surgery or radiation or a combination of treatmentsXx_NEWLINE_xXUnresectable low-grade gliomas that have received at least two chemotherapy/biologic regimens; radiation therapy counts as a biologic regimen; patients may not have received radiation therapy to the index lesion within 1 year of enrollment; patients may have tumor spread within the central nervous system (CNS); histologic confirmation of eligibility is required if tissue is availableXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have received radiation to the index lesion within 1 year of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXCandidate for additional therapy consisting of radiation with gemcitabine–radiosensitizationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the head or neck resulting in overlap of radiotherapy (RT) fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXNo limit to number prior anti-cancer regimens, including chemotherapy, biologic agents, immunotherapy, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies or radiation therapy; patients who have received prior radiation therapy for this tumor are eligible; there should be at least 2 years time since the completion of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (RT): patients must have had their last fraction of cranial or craniospinal radiation >= 24 months prior to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXLess than 2 years since completion of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant prior external beam dose-limiting radiation to a critical organ based on review of the prior radiation treatment records by the Radiation Oncology PI; patients who have had prior external beam radiation > 2000 cGy (at 180 to 200 cGy per day) to the lung will be ineligible; patients with ANY prior radiation to the heart are ineligible; patients with > 500 cGy to the kidney will be excluded from the study; Note: patients who have had electron beam therapy are still eligible and will be evaluated on a case by case basis by the Radiation Oncology PIXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer referred for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is not an exclusion however, patient must have documented progression at the radiation siteXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have completed any systemic therapy regimens (except an ALK inhibitor) and therapeutic radiation a minimum of 21 days prior to initiation of study therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior abdominal radiation; any prior radiation must be approved by the radiation oncology principal investigator (PI)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior radiation therapy to brain or skeleton is allowed, but should have occurred > 2 months from enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants who have received prior radiation therapy to anatomical sites other than brain or skeletonXx_NEWLINE_xXMust not be receiving external beam radiation therapy at the time of study enrollment; must be at least 12 weeks from prior I131 MIBG therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXUntreated central nervous system metastases; patients are eligible if they are clinically stable, off all steroids after cranial irradiation (whole brain radiation therapy, focal radiation therapy, stereotactic radio surgery) ending at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment, or after surgical resection performed at least 2 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXLess than 12 weeks from radiation therapy, unless progressive disease outside of the radiation field or 2 progressive scans at least 4 weeks apart or histopathologic confirmationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, or any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXTREATMENT: Pulse oximetry of > 93% on room air in patients who previously received radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will not have any other curative therapeutic option, such as radiation or surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have received prior external beam radiation therapy to the region proposed for SRS re-irradiation at least 6 months prior to planned re-irradiation\r\n* For patients who were previously treated at an outside institution, adequate records must be available to determine the true dose the cord/cauda received during prior radiation therapy (RT); sufficiency of the treatment records will be assessed and signed-off by the Medical Physics investigatorXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be 4 weeks off any palliative radiation or craniospinal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of previous radiation therapy which would result in overlapping radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXRepeat radiation in fields previously radiated will be allowed at the discretion of the treating physicianXx_NEWLINE_xXReceipt of radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to starting investigational product, or limited field of radiation for palliation within 2 weeks of the first dose of investigational productXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who had pelvic radiation within 12 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiographic evidence of progression/recurrence of the measurable disease more than 12 weeks after the end of the initial radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 2 weeks must have elapsed since the research participant received his/her last dose of prior chemotherapy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 12 weeks must have elapsed since the completion of initial radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of abdominal radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXDetermined by the treating physician to be a candidate for organ preserving, concurrent standard chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the head and neck with definitive intentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXDental evaluation with management prior to start of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXRelapsed or refractory to no more than 1 course of a systemic therapy regimen and is incurable by either surgery or radiation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative surgery and/or radiation treatment < 21 days prior to date of randomization.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior radiation to the abdominal cavity or pelvis are excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXHigh-grade glioma has recurred or progressed after prior treatment with brain radiation and temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with fractionated radiation therapy (up to 60 Gy) is an eligibility criterion, however there should not have been a second course of fractionated radiotherapy to the supratentorial areaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior breast or thoracic radiation therapy (RT) for any conditionXx_NEWLINE_xXMetastatic cancer requiring palliative radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy must begin within 12 weeks of surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received radiation for a minimum of two weeks priorXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation is allowed to sites that will not be used to measure response during this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXThe last dose of prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation must be at least 2 weeks before the leukapheresis procedureXx_NEWLINE_xXNo recent treatment for thyroid cancer as defined as:\r\n* No prior RAI therapy is allowed < 6 months prior to initiation of therapy on this protocol; a diagnostic study using < 10 millicurie (mCi) of RAI is not considered RAI therapy\r\n* No external beam radiation therapy < 4 weeks prior to initiation of therapy on this protocol; (previous treatment with radiation for any indication is allowed if the investigator judges that the previous radiation does not significantly compromise patient safety on this protocol)\r\n* No chemotherapy or targeted therapy (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitor) is allowed < 4 weeks prior to the initiation of therapy on this protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects received previous abdominal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXIf post-transplant consolidation radiation therapy is given, the patient must be at least 14 days between last radiation treatment and 1st dose of rituximabXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has received radiation therapy as follows: \r\n* To the thoracic cavity, abdomen or pelvis within 3 months of the first dose of study treatment or has with ongoing complications or is without complete recovery and healing from prior radiation therapy\r\n* To bone or brain metastasis within 14 days of the first dose of study treatment\r\n* To any other site(s) within 28 days of the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a history of treatment with radiation therapy are excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXInterval from start of initial radiation therapy to enrollment > 9 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants or their legal guardian must sign consent prior to the initiation of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be ineligible if any prior therapeutic radiation therapy > 500 cGy has been deliveredXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be ineligible if chemotherapy was completed >= 1 year from the planned start date of radiation therapy or if the patient is referred for radiation therapy after a relapse following a regimen with chemotherapy aloneXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received prior chemotherapy or radiation for < 4 weeks prior to start of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of abdominal/pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy that would exclude the use of TMLIXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to liver in form of total body or involved fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received radiation therapy within the past 4 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xX> 4 weeks since prior radiation, surgery or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who will receive radiation therapy as their primary treatment after surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy, including brachytherapy, to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has received radiation therapy:\r\n* To the thoracic cavity, abdomen or pelvis within 3 months of the first dose of study treatment that has with ongoing complications or is without complete recovery and healing from prior radiation therapy (CT changes related to radiation treatment which are not clinical significant are allowed)\r\n* To bone or brain metastasis within 14 days of the first dose of study treatment\r\n* To any other site(s) within 28 days of the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXA history of previous chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer or abdominal radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, local radiation therapy for symptomatic bone lesions (e.g., uncontrolled pain or high risk of pathologic fracture) are permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had chemotherapy for MM; exception: local radiation therapy for symptomatic bone lesions (e.g., uncontrolled pain or high risk of pathologic fracture)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of abdominal radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or breast resection within 6 months of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 4 weeks post-surgery, and must be at least 3 months post-radiation therapy, with resolution of related toxicitiesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious pelvic radiation or prostate brachytherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received previous radiation therapy, but it must have been completed at least 21 days prior to enrollment and the patient should have recovered from all associated toxicities. Measurable or non-measurable disease must be present outside the previous radiation field or a new lesion inside the radiation port must be present.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust be no anticipated need for concurrent radiation therapy during protocol treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinimum interval since completion of radiation treatment is 12 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXNeoadjuvant chemotherapy will be permitted prior to the initiation of SBRT radiation therapy on this clinical trial; there must be a minimum of 2 weeks between the completion of any neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the beginning of SBRT radiation therapy; furthermore, restaging must be done prior to registration to ensure that patients remain resectableXx_NEWLINE_xXScreening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) must be obtained at least 4 weeks after any salvage surgery, and at least 12 weeks after radiation therapy, or at least 4 weeks after radiation for a new lesion outside the prior primary radiation field unless relapse is confirmed by tumor biopsy or new lesion outside of radiation field, or if there are two MRIs confirming progressive disease that are 8 weeks apartXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with active cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy are excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks before the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have discontinued all previous external beam radiation therapy and recovered from side effects due to radiation therapy for more than 14 days starting on treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAble to cooperate with radiation safety restrictions during therapy periodXx_NEWLINE_xXThree-months should have elapsed in the case of completing radiation to any of the following fields: craniospinal, total abdominal, whole lung, total body irradiation); for all other sites of radiation, at least 2 weeks should have elapsedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior ipsilateral breast or thoracic radiation for any conditionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy for pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the head or neck (except for T1 glottic cancer), resulting in significant overlap of radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious treatment with surgery, radiation or hormonal therapy is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 12 weeks since the completion of radiation therapy to a total of >= 50 GyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the ipsilateral breast or thorax.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 14 days of screeningXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious history of splenectomy or whole spleen radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy to head and neck (excluding eyes), and internal organs of chest, abdomen or pelvis in the month prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXChemotherapy, radiation, or biological or targeted therapy within 3 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have no history of previous chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer or any abdominal radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor must be potentially surgically resectable and curable with conventional surgery and radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior head and neck radiation or prior chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior radiation to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation to the mediastinal structuresXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received prior radiation therapy to the involved breast at any time for any reasonXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have a history and physical within 2 weeks prior to the start of any protocol therapy (radiation and veliparib)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapeutic radiation exposure to tissues for which protocol irradiation is anticipated is an exclusion criterionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapeutic radiation to target tissues for protocol radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may receive radiation alone if the above criteria is not metXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with >= grade 3 sensorineural hearing loss at baseline may receive radiation alone or radiation with carboplatinXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior to start of treatment must be more than 21 days elapsed from surgery, radiation therapy, or prior chemotherapy; more than 42 days elapsed from prior immune therapy including vaccinesXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should be at least four weeks from the last day of therapeutic radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapy or from antibody therapy, or at least five half-lives from non-cytotoxic targeted or biologic therapy; patients may have received palliative radiation immediately before (or during) treatment provided radiation is not to the only target lesion availableXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be >= 3 weeks beyond treatment with a cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen, or therapeutic radiation, or major surgery; patients may have received palliative localized radiation immediately before or during treatment provided that radiation is not delivered to the only site of disease being treated under this protocol; for biologic/targeted agents patients must be >= 5 half-lives or >= 3 weeks from the last dose (whichever comes first); patients previously treated with vemurafenib monotherapy do not have to stop medication before they start on the protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have had prior external beam radiation to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior thoracic radiation allowable only if there is minimal to no overlap with the treatment area estimated at the time of consultationXx_NEWLINE_xXClinical and/or radiographic (MRI) progression of tumor following external beam radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSignificant prior external beam dose-limiting radiation to a critical organ based on review of the prior radiation treatment records by the radiation oncology PI; patients who have had prior external beam radiation > 2000 cGy (at 180 to 200 cGy per day) to any portion of the lung will be ineligible; patients with ANY prior radiation to the heart are ineligible; patients with > 500 cGy to any portion of the kidney will be excluded from the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 14 days passed since last brain surgery or radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be at least 12 months from completion of radiation therapy (to be consistent with the \rechallenge\ group from Perry et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology [JCO] 2010 where the median time from completion of adjuvant radiation therapy to the time of progression was 19.69 months)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have failed prior radiation therapy and must have an interval of greater than or equal to 12 weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to registration; except if patients underwent surgery within 12 weeks and pathology is consistent with recurrent tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXHigh-dose chemotherapy or external beam radiation therapy to lung, liver, or kidneys > 20 Gy within the previous 100 days prior to therapeutic 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan doseXx_NEWLINE_xXA minimum of 2 weeks elapsed off of sipuleucel-T and radiation therapy prior to start of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants may have had prior surgery for glioblastoma or gliosarcoma but no systemic or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation and/or surgery must have been discontinued or completed at least 2 weeks prior to treatment in this study and adverse effects must have resolved to grade 1 or baseline; lymph node or other diagnostic biopsies within 2 weeks are not considered exclusionary\r\n* CTCL patients who have received localized radiation therapy (RT) as part of their immediate prior therapy may be allowed to enroll with shorter washout period after discussion with the MSK principal investigatorXx_NEWLINE_xXExternal beam radiation therapy =< 28 days prior to registration; note: previous treatment with radiation is allowed if the investigator judges it will not compromise patient safety on the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have had any radiation therapy or chemotherapy for medulloblastoma prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of sensitivity to, or history of conditions that are known to cause sensitivity to, radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the pelvis or abdomen that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have had prior radiation therapy for treatment of their ependymoma; external beam radiation therapy (XRT) must be >= 3 months prior to registration for craniospinal irradiation (>= 18 Gray [Gy]); >= 4 weeks for local radiation to primary tumor; and >= 2 weeks prior to registration for focal irradiation to symptomatic metastatic sitesXx_NEWLINE_xXIn cases of concern about decreased renal function and potential high radiation dose to the kidneys, an optional nuclear medicine kidney function scan may be performed prior to radiation therapy to determine the functional contribution of each kidneyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior thoracic radiation therapy preventing hemithoracic pleural IMRTXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants may have had any extent of prior surgery and/or chemotherapy; no prior cranial radiation therapy is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the upper abdomen or liverXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously received therapeutic radiation therapy to the chestXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for the target lesion in the 60 months preceding inclusion in the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation, including brachytherapy, to the region of the prostate that would result in overlap of radiation therapy (RT) fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior whole brain radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the index breastXx_NEWLINE_xX> 4 weeks since prior radiation, surgery or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor types – tumor type/location:\r\n* Stratum A: newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas OR any biopsy proven high-grade glioma involving the brainstem; patients may not have received chemotherapy during or after radiation; patients must be registered within 4-12 weeks of completing radiation\r\n* Stratum B: newly diagnosed, non-brainstem high-grade glioma; patients may not have received chemotherapy during or after radiation; patients must be registered within 4-12 weeks of completing radiation\r\n* Stratum C: unresectable low-grade gliomas that have received at least two chemotherapy/biologic regimens; patients may not have received radiation to the index lesion within 1 year of enrollment \r\n* Stratum D: non-brainstem high-grade gliomas that have recurred following treatment\r\n* Stratum E: newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas or brain stem gliomas who received chemotherapy during radiation therapy; patients may not have received chemotherapy after radiation therapy was completed; patients must be registered within 4-12 weeks of completing radiation  \r\n* Stratum F: newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas with metastatic disease within the central nervous system (CNS) requiring craniospinal radiation therapy; patients may or may not have received chemotherapy during radiation, but cannot have received chemotherapy after radiation therapy was completed; patients must be registered within 4-12 weeks of completing radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients in Stratum F must have received craniospinal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients enrolled in Strata A and B may not have received any prior chemotherapy or anti-glioma therapy of any type other than radiation therapy; patients enrolled on Stratum C must have received at least two prior chemotherapy or biologic therapy regimens and may not have received radiation to the index lesion within 1 year of enrollment; patients on Strata A, B, E, and F cannot have received chemotherapy after radiation therapy was completedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXAble to cooperate with radiation safety restrictions during therapy periodXx_NEWLINE_xXDocumentation that either: 1) the patient’s medical insurance company has certified that they will pay for the cost of radiation therapy treatments, or 2) a letter from the patient indicating that they explicitly understand the costs of radiation therapy and that the sponsor (Principal Investigator) of this study will not be held responsible for these costsXx_NEWLINE_xXUnacceptable radiation therapy quality assurance parametersXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation Therapy: Hepatic radiation within 4 weeks of PV-10 administration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo radiation therapy >= 14 days for local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port): >= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal XRT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; >= 42 days must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXTamoxifen, Arimidex or other hormonal therapy is allowed; it may begin any time relative to the radiation at the discretion of the treating physicianXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of suspicious microcalcifications in the breast prior to the start of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients treated with external beam boost, prior chemotherapy if administered less than 3 weeks from start of radiation therapy or chemotherapy < 3 weeks after finishing radiation therapy; for patients treated with brachytherapy intracavitary device, chemotherapy prior to start of radiation therapy (RT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a breast technically unsatisfactory for radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with tylectomies so extensive that the cosmetic result is low or poor prior to radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious chemotherapy or pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy with 400c gray (Gy) or more of TBIXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be at least 2 weeks from prior systemic therapy, radiation therapy, major surgery, or other investigational therapy, and have recovered from clinically significant toxicities of these prior treatmentsXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior abdominal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy that prevents further TBIXx_NEWLINE_xXIf subject has not undergone radiation therapy, then subject must have undergone prior consultation with a radiation oncologist (who is not an investigator on this study); if the subject has undergone radiation therapy, then at least 14 days must have elapsed since completion of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the area of measurable or active tumor.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects may have had prior focal or systemic radiation or chemotherapy; at least 14 days must have elapsed since radiation treatment and 28 days since prior chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: ?14 days after local XRT, ?150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to ?50% of the pelvis, ?42 days if other substantial BM radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXAny concurrent therapy for cancer, radiation, or surgery within 4 weeks, except for minor palliative intent (this is to be discussed with sponsor)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is at least 21 days removed from therapeutic radiation or chemotherapy prior to the first scheduled day of dosing with VT1021.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 21 days must have elapsed from prior therapy (chemotherapy or radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have at least one lesion not previously irradiated (and not within a previously irradiated field) for which palliative radiation to the abdomen and/or pelvis is potentially indicated and could be safely delivered at the radiation doses specified in this protocol; this lesion must not be within the central nervous system (CNS) (brain or spinal cord), bone or liver, and must not require urgent or emergent palliative radiation given the timing of radiation specified on this protocol; furthermore, this lesion must be located in the abdomen or pelvis and measure at least 2 cm (minimum dimension) and no greater than 6 cm (maximum dimension); palliative radiotherapy would entail involved-field radiotherapy to a single lesion or region to encompass gross disease; whole-abdomen radiotherapy would not be permitted; patients who received prior vaginal brachytherapy would be permitted to receive palliative pelvic radiation; in the expansion cohort at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), this lesion must not be the only measurable lesion so that it is possible to determine the response rate outside of the radiation treatment fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 3 weeks prior to entering the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious pelvic radiation for any reason.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation within 2 weeks of study registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXTooth extraction prior to radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious inclusion in a research protocol involving nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) or radiological investigations with significant radiation burden (a significant radiation burden being defined as 10 mSv in addition to natural background radiation, in the previous 3 years). Exclusion Criteria for Group 1 Has any of the following:Xx_NEWLINE_xXConventional chemotherapy or radiation within 4 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within 30 days prior to enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXConventional chemotherapy or radiation within 4 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks of Day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior abdominal radiation therapy or prior chemotherapy for pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative surgery and/or radiation treatment less than 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be eligible to have all lesions treated as determined by the study radiation oncologist.Xx_NEWLINE_xXCurrent or prior radiation to the left hemithoraxXx_NEWLINE_xXradiation therapy (gamma knife) was completed ? 4 weeks prior to baselineXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SSCHN) (other than biopsy or tonsillectomy) is allowed at time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXNo radiation therapy to targeted (most painful) tumors in the past two weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving chemotherapy or radiation (i.e., to the targeted lesion (s)) within the last two weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with radiation therapy or surgery within one month prior to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the breast or chest wallXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled for intraoperative radiation of breast or chest wallXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 14 days passed since last brain surgery, or intracranial radiation therapy/radiosurgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation treatment in either breast at any timeXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who received radiation therapy within 2 weeks of randomization (C1D1)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are not able to receive protocol specified radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior anti-cancer therapy or radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to enrolment. Palliative radiotherapy to metastatic lesion(s) permitted providing that it has been completed at least 2 days prior to enrolment and no significant toxicity are expected.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy completed =< 7 days prior to the start of study drugsXx_NEWLINE_xXLocalized palliative radiation therapy is allowed for symptom management if completed >= 14 days prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXORAL CAVITY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA COHORT: Prior surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy other than biopsy or emergency procedure required for supportive careXx_NEWLINE_xXHPV-ASSOCIATED OROPHARYNX SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: Prior surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy other than biopsy or emergency procedure required for supportive careXx_NEWLINE_xXActive central nervous system (CNS) metastasis, which has not been treated with radiation therapy. If treated with radiation therapy, treatment must end before 14 days prior to starting study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceived prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study treatment. Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (?2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-central nervous system (CNS) disease.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior breast cancer-specific therapy within the previous 2 years (chemotherapy, radiation, anti-HER2 agents, endocrine agents, everolimus, CDK4-6 inhibitors); previous unilateral radiation of the contralateral side in women scheduled for mastectomy is allowed; study gel will be applied to both breastsXx_NEWLINE_xXCurrently being treated for other cancers with medical or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXREGISTRATION TO TREATMENT (STEP 1): Patient must not have had prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy (aside from imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib), or radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to study registration; patients also must have recovered from all adverse events due to a previously administered agent\r\n* Note: Patients with =< grade 2 neuropathy are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study\r\n* NOTE: Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis; a 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (=< 2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-central nervous system [CNS] disease)Xx_NEWLINE_xXREGISTRATION TO TREATMENT (STEP 2): Patient must not have had prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy (aside from imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib), or radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to study registration; patients also must have recovered from all adverse events due to a previously administered agent\r\n* NOTE: Patients with =< grade 2 neuropathy are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study\r\n* NOTE: Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis; a 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (=< 2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-CNS diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXA minimum of 12 weeks prior to start of vorinostat is required following prior large field radiation therapy (i.e., craniospinal, whole abdominal, total lung, > 50% marrow space)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy in the month prior to enrollXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior exposure to chemotherapy or radiation for the disease to be treated on this trial not allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXTherapeutic radiation within 6 weeks of cycle 1 day 1; exceptions are palliative radiation and/or stereotactic radiation to non-target lesionsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a cancer diagnosis, receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy or the combinationXx_NEWLINE_xXA maximum of one prior radiotherapy regimen, curative or palliative, to the head and neck is allowed; if the radiation is combined with chemotherapy and/or cetuximab, a minimum of 4 months must elapse between the end of radiotherapy and registration; if the radiation is given alone, a minimum of 8 weeks must elapse between the end of radiotherapy and registration; a minimum of 3 weeks must elapse between prior radiation to other areas and registration; treatment areas should be healed with no sequelae from radiation therapy (RT) that would predispose to fistula formationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least one index lesion to be treated measuring 1-7 cm amenable to hypofractionated radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation treatment to the index lesion to be treatedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation which overlaps and precludes hypofractionated treatment to the index lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation treatment to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXAny radiation therapy within 21 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAll sites of disease must be targetable with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with acceptable morbidity and without exceeding normal tissue dose constraints as assessed by a radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation or systemic therapy for the diagnosis of liposarcomaXx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent malignancy or malignancy within 3 years prior to starting study drug, with the exception of malignancies that have completed therapy and are considered by their physician to be at less than 30% risk of relapse; prior systemic therapy is allowed with the exception of prior eribulin; prior radiation therapy is allowed with the exception of any abdominal, pelvic or retroperitoneal radiation > 10 GyXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have had radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to first dose of drugXx_NEWLINE_xXRecommendation for combined chemotherapy and radiation therapeutic treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy resulting in overlap of radiation therapy (RT) fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject must have completed prior radiation therapy at least 28 days prior to registration for protocol therapy\r\n* NOTES: Subjects may have received prior radiation therapy for treatment of endometrial carcinoma; prior radiation therapy may have included pelvic radiation therapy, extended field pelvic/para-aortic radiation therapy, and/or intravaginal brachytherapy; chemotherapy used for radiation sensitization is allowed; chemotherapy used for radiation sensitization will not count as second chemotherapy regimenXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone prior resection, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy (except bevacizumab)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation treatment within 3 weeks prior to treatment startXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be untreated with radiation above the claviclesXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation to the head and neck (above the clavicles)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMalignant glioma patients within 12 weeks of completion of radiation concurrent temozolomide will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation treatment within 3 weeks prior to treatment startXx_NEWLINE_xXClinically safe to delay radiation for at least 2 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy or radiation for pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXNewly diagnosed DIPG patients\r\n* Patients must have not received any prior therapy for treatment of their current CNS malignancy other than radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields (to include Y90)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPart 1 patients must have prior histologically proven glioblastoma that is progressive or recurrent following radiation therapy +/- chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 4 weeks from prior therapy completion (including radiation and/or surgery) to starting the study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgery and chemotherapy allowed, no prior radiation to the target area (breast or chest and nodes); NOTE: Radiation should occur 3-12 weeks after last chemotherapy or surgery, whichever comes lastXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields.Xx_NEWLINE_xXResolution of chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation-related toxicities.Xx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with radiation therapy within 3 weeks prior to the initiation of study drug administration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment \r\n* Prior medical therapy is allowed but not required\r\n* No limit on number of prior therapies\r\n* No chemotherapy, other investigational agents within 28 days of study treatment\r\n* No other concurrent investigational agents or other meningioma-directed therapy (chemotherapy, radiation) while on study\r\n* For patients treated with external beam radiation, interstitial brachytherapy or radiosurgery, an interval > 24 weeks must have elapsed from completion of radiation therapy to registration\r\n* Steroid dosing stable for at least 4 days \r\n* Recovered to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 1 or less toxicity from other agents with exception of alopecia and fatigue\r\n* No craniotomy within 28 days of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXAny therapeutic pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXExtensive prior therapy including > 12 months alkylator therapy or > 6 months alkylator therapy with extensive radiation as per the assessment of the radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXDOSE ESCALATION COHORT: Subjects who have had prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of therapy; subjects must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitisXx_NEWLINE_xXDOSE EXPANSION COHORT: Subjects who have had prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of therapy; subjects must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitisXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy in the last 14 days; palliative radiation to a localized area without residual toxicity requires a washout of greater than 7 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed; patients must not have received radiation therapy within 3 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the current diagnosisXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must not have had prior pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemoembolization or radiation therapy (including Y90) must be performed at least 2 weeks before study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXExtended field radiation within prior 4 weeks or limited field radiation within prior 2 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 6 months after the end of prior radiation therapy is required unless there is a new recurrence outside of the previous radiotherapy treatment fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received re-radiation to recurrent disease (other than standard frontline adjuvant radiation therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRecurrent tumors near the brainstem and optic chiasm must not have received prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy for treatment of endometrial cancer; prior radiation therapy may have included pelvic radiation therapy, extended field pelvic/para-aortic radiation therapy, intravaginal brachytherapy and/or palliative radiation therapy; all radiation therapy must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (RT): >= 2 weeks for local palliative RT (small port); >= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation; Note: patients must have received =< than 13.6 Gray (Gy) prior radiation to the mediastinumXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior pelvic radiation therapy or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation allowed (no restriction on amount); measurable lesion(s) may not have been previously irradiatedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation is permitted; however, at least 2 weeks must have elapsed since the completion of therapy and patients must have recovered from all therapy-associated toxicities to no greater than grade 1 at the time of registration; patients with symptomatic disease may receive palliative corticosteroids up to 1 week before initiating therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXWillingness to be treated with radiation therapy and androgen deprivation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events (AEs) due to agents administered more than 3 weeks earlier; patients who have had prior pelvic radiation may be at increased risk for bowel perforation, and therefore may not have residual inflammatory disease of the bowel or residual bowel toxicity based on baseline imaging and clinical assessment; palliative (limited-field) radiation therapy is permitted, if all of the following criteria are met:\r\n* Repeat imaging demonstrates no new sites of bone metastases\r\n* The lesion being considered for palliative radiation is not a target lesion\r\n* Bowel toxicity is not expected from the target field due to increased risk of perforationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received prior neo-adjuvant, adjuvant chemotherapy or chemo-radiation or radiation with curative intent for non-metastatic NSCLC must have experienced a treatment-free interval of at least 6 months from signing the informed consent since the last chemotherapy or chemo-radiation or radiation treatment/cycleXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had radiation therapy within 2 weeks of the first protocol treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have received previous therapy for their head and neck SCC, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery beyond biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior intracranial radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease progression following radiation and TMZXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received previous radiation therapy to critical organs exceeding any of the limits shown below, are excluded:Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation to lesions being treatedXx_NEWLINE_xXContraindications to radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous chemotherapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation: \r\n* Patients must not have received radiation (small port) for a minimum of two weeks prior to protocol therapy\r\n* Except for patients with a history of progressive disease, patients whose only site(s) of disease have been radiated are eligible if at least one lesion meets at least one of the criteria listed in sites of disease above\r\n* A minimum of 12 weeks prior to start of protocol therapy is required following large field radiation therapy (i.e. total body irradiation, craniospinal, whole abdominal, total lung, > 50% marrow space)\r\n* A minimum of 6 weeks must have elapsed prior to start of protocol therapy for other substantial bone marrow radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy or radiation therapy to > 10% of the bone\n             marrow at any time in the past or prior radiation therapy within the past 3 years to\n             the breast/sternum, dermal lesions, head or neck.Xx_NEWLINE_xXBrain metastases may be treated using gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) per the treating radiation oncologist; total radiation dose and number of fractions will be determined by the treating radiation oncologist based on anatomic and dosing constraints; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the vertebral column is required for all patients with suspected epidural tumor extensionXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior radiotherapy within 3 weeks of start of study treatment; participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis; a 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (=< 2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-central nervous system (CNS) diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior systemic therapy (exception: GnRH agonist or antagonist) or radiation therapy for prostate cancer within 2 weeks prior to study day 1; there must be at least a 2 week washout period from last dose of any prior systemic or radiation therapy for prostate cancer prior to day 1 of study treatment (including nonsteroidal antiandrogens); screening may commence during this washout windowXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapy requirements:\r\n* Prior radiation, chemotherapy or biologics NOT allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with intracranial metastases, which have been treated by surgery or radiation therapy, may be eligible for study provided there is no evidence of active disease and no requirement for anticonvulsant therapy or steroids following treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior breast or thoracic radiation therapy (RT) for any conditionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior local radiation therapy must be completed at least 30 days prior to enrollment and the patient must have recovered from all toxicityXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy via external beam or brachytherapy within 28 days of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy (does NOT include steroids)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have received no prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy other than corticosteroids; corticosteroids are allowable for all patientsXx_NEWLINE_xXArm 1 patients must be in first recurrence of glioblastoma following radiation therapy and temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient may have received previous treatment for the brain tumor(s), including radiation (focal brain radiation, whole brain radiation or stereotactic radiosurgery), surgery or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have not recovered from the toxicities of prior chemotherapy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be considered able to tolerate systemic chemotherapy combined with pelvic radiation therapy, and radical cystectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious systemic chemotherapy (for any cancer) or pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be candidates for palliative radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients having no distinct measurable lesions outside of the field of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious head and neck radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior palliative radiation therapy to bony metastases is allowed; there should be a minimum of 14 days between the end of radiation treatment and start of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior systemic (chemotherapy or biologic/molecular targeted therapy) or radiation treatment for head and neck cancer\r\n* Patients may have received chemotherapy or radiation for a previous, curatively treated non-HNSCC malignancy, provided at least 2 years have elapsed\r\n* Patients must be untreated with radiation above the claviclesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within the last 4 weeks; prior radiation therapy to indicator lesion (unless objective disease recurrence or progression within the radiation portal has been documented since completion of radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 3 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior brain surgery or radiation is allowed as long as the metastatic lesion(s) to be targeted in this study has not previously been treated with radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious treatment of the target lesions with radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXExternal beam radiation therapy (XRT): at least 14 days after local palliative XRT (small port); at least 150 days must have elapsed if prior total body irradiation (TBI), craniospinal XRT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; at least 42 days must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within the last 4 weeks; prior radiation therapy to indicator lesion (unless objective disease recurrence or progression within the radiation portal has been documented since completion of radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with gemcitabine alone or 5-fluorouracil with radiation as an adjuvant therapy will be allowed; patient should not have received gemcitabine within 6 months of starting the study treatment; 5-flourouracil or radiation treatment should be received more than 4 weeks prior to receiving the study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior TBI, craniospinal XRT and/or those with >= 50% radiation of the pelvis are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation to the head and neck regionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior pulmonary radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXMust have a skin lesion of at minimum 2 cm, in a location amenable to radiation and a minimum of 2 additional measurable skin lesions distant from the radiation siteXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient's high-grade glioma has recurred or progressed after prior treatment with brain radiation and temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the whole brain (prior stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy to focal areas is allowed)Xx_NEWLINE_xXUnable to reliably be immobilized for safe administration of whole brain radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior radiation therapy must be discontinued at least four weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the abdomen that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received palliative external beam radiation therapy (XRT) for local disease control with no curative intent; XRT must be completed at least 7 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received radiation therapy as part of their leukemia treatment may be ineligible and individual cases must be presented to the study principal investigator (PI) for determination of eligibilityXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be completed radiation therapy at least 4 weeks previouslyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to prostate or prostate bed is allowed provided it occurred > 3 months before enrollment to the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of external beam radiation therapy to metastatic sites within 1 year of enrollment to the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving any prior radiation therapy to the head or neckXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy, brachytherapy, or cryotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation to the chestXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received previous pelvic or abdominal radiation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, or previous therapy of any kind for this malignancy or any pelvic or abdominal radiation for any prior malignancyXx_NEWLINE_xXAt screening, patients may be included if the largest lesion is > 1 cm or > 3 in number, and there is no evidence of progressive CNS disease on brain imaging at least 90 days after treatment with surgery and/or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy (RT) > 20 Gray (Gy) to a critical organ within 1 year of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior head and neck radiation or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation presuming > 4 weeks since last dose and measurable disease outside the radiation fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients cannot have had prior chemotherapy or biologic therapy for SCLC or large cell neuroendocrine NSCLC, or small cell carcinoma of unknown primary or extrapulmonary origin; patients receiving prior radiation cannot register within 7 days after completion of radiation, and must have resolved adverse events attributed to radiation to =< grade 1; no previous irradiation to the only site of measurable or evaluable disease, unless that site had subsequent evidence of progressionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving prior radiation cannot register within 7 days after completion of radiation, and must have resolved adverse events attributed to radiation to =< grade 1; no previous irradiation to the only site of measurable or evaluable disease, unless that site had subsequent evidence of progressionXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE II: Patients cannot have had prior chemotherapy or biologic therapy for small cell lung cancer; patients receiving prior radiation cannot register within 7 days after completion of radiation, and must have resolved adverse events attributed to radiation to =< grade 1; no previous irradiation to the only site of measurable or evaluable disease, unless that site had subsequent evidence of progressionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may receive no other concurrent chemotherapy or radiation therapy during this trialXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with head and neck cancer recurrence requiring surgery with no history of prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy are considered eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have had any prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for head and neck cancer treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have had prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for esophageal cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients that have received prior radiation to the lung, excluding prior mediastinal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior radiation therapy completed less than 4 weeks prior enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo external beam radiation therapy within 2 weeks of first vaccine administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo stereotactic radiation therapy within 3 days of first vaccineXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy to the ipsilateral breastXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 4 weeks must have elapsed between the patient’s last chemotherapy or radiation treatment and the first vaccinationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for HGG or DIPG is permitted; prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for treatment of other malignancies is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious whole brain radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy for esophageal cancer or prior chest radiotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy must have been completed > 2 weeks prior to randomization and the patient must be recovered from any acute toxicities associated with radiation therapy; previously irradiated lesions must not be the sole site of diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy provided at least 28 days have elapsed since the last treatment and patients have recovered from all associated toxicities at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xX>= 2 weeks (wks) for local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); >= 6 weeks must have elapsed since treatment with therapeutic doses of MIBG; >= 6 months must have elapsed if prior total body irradiation (TBI), craniospinal XRT or >= 50% radiation of pelvis; >= 6 wks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior head and neck radiation or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy is allowed if it has been at least 3 years or longer since those therapies were given from the time of registration, with the exception of previous pelvic radiation which is NOT allowed under any circumstancesXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must have recovered from the acute side effects of any prior surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy; a minimum time period at least 6 months should have elapsed from prior radiation treatment until enrollment in the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to randomization on this study and not recovered to baseline from adverse events due to radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to the first study dose.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received prior radiation therapy (RT) for treatment of germ cell tumor are eligible for this study as long as there is evidence of progressive disease determined by tumor markers or other sites of metastases outside of the radiated site; radiation must be completed prior to starting chemotherapy with the exception of brain metastases where chemotherapy and radiation can be given concurrently; toxicity from radiation must have recovered to grade 1 or less prior to initiating chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to screening.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior or concurrent systemic or radiation therapy for the treatment of myelomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPlan to administer concurrent radiation therapy now or for progressive symptoms during treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xX2 weeks for local palliative radiation therapy (XRT).Xx_NEWLINE_xX8 weeks if prior craniospinal chemoradiation therapy (CRT) or if ? 50% radiation of pelvis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXCurrent symptomatic cord compression requiring surgery or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has received radiotherapy ? 4 weeks or limited field radiation for palliation ? 2 weeks prior to starting IP, and/or from whom ? 30% of the bone marrow was irradiated. Prior radiation therapy to a target lesion is permitted only if there has been clear progression of the lesion since radiation was completed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 12 weeks of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (except palliative to relieve bone pain) within 2 weeks of study entry. Whole brain radiation must have completed at least 4 weeks prior to study entry.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiotherapy for palliation of recurrent disease is allowed if > 4 weeks have elapsed since completion of therapy; if radiation therapy was received exclusively for bony metastases the minimum interval between completion of radiation treatments and the first infusion of study drug is 7 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have had radiation within 28 days prior to first doseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy, including after the surgical resection; all adverse events associated with prior surgery and radiation therapy must have resolved to =< grade 1 prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipant has had radiation therapy within 14 days of randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks (2 weeks for radiation for bone metastases) or radionuclide treatment within 6 weeks of randomization.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPRIOR/CONCURRENT THERAPY CRITERIA: Patients may have had prior radiation therapy as long as it has not affected greater than 25% of the bone marrow and at least one measurable lesion is outside the area of prior radiation; at least 7 days must have elapsed since last radiation treatment; patients must have recovered from any adverse events from prior radiation therapy to =< CTCAE grade 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within 2 weeks of infusionXx_NEWLINE_xXWithout confirmed stability over 60 days in patients previously treated with prior surgery or radiation; ORXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 2 weeks from end of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior receipt of radiotherapy that would result in overlap of the new and old radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior palliative radiation therapy to bony metastases will be allowed; there should be minimum of 14 days between the end of radiation treatment and start of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients undergoing breast conservation therapy (i.e. lumpectomy) must not have any contraindications to radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient has received treatment with chemotherapy, wide-field radiation, or biologic therapy within 14 days of study entry.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy:\r\n* To the thoracic cavity, abdomen or pelvis within 3 months of the first dose of study treatment or has ongoing complications or is without complete recovery and healing from prior radiation therapy\r\n* To bone metastases within 14 days of the first dose of study treatment\r\n* To any other site(s) within 28 days of the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXUnilateral neck radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation treatment to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in direct overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (other than radiation to bony metastases) as cancer therapy </= 4 weeks before study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation therapy to bony metastases </= 2 weeks before study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the bladderXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy; radiation therapy must be completed at least 14 days prior to registration, and all toxicities related to prior radiation therapy must have resolved to CTCAE v4.0 grade 1 or lower; patients may not have had > 25% of their bone marrow radiatedXx_NEWLINE_xXA history of prior radiation to the head and neck (>= 40 Gy, in 2 Gy/fraction equivalent)Xx_NEWLINE_xXIf patients have had a potential index lesion radiated, it must have progressed post radiation therapy to be used as a measurable eligibility lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy for treatment of endometrial carcinoma; prior radiation therapy may have included pelvic radiation therapy, extended field pelvic/para-aortic radiation therapy, and/or intravaginal brachytherapy; all radiation therapy must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to the first date of study therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received prior chest radiation therapy for NSCLCXx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent therapeutic intervention (including radiation therapy and NovoTTF).Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceived radiation therapy to the lung that is >30 Gy within 6 months of the first dose of study medication.Xx_NEWLINE_xXTherapeutic radiation therapy or major surgery within 4 weeks before study drug treatment or palliative radiation therapy within 2 weeks before study drug treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXWithout confirmed stability over 60 days in patients previously treated with prior surgery or radiation; ORXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous history of pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation therapy within 2 weeks of Day 1 of trial drug treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXUnidimensionally measurable disease; indicator lesions must not have been irradiated unless they have grown following radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have recovered from acute toxicities from surgery, radiation or chemotherapy; at least 3 weeks will have elapsed since any prior therapy directed at the malignant tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a history of prior whole pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has received any prior pharmacotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery for metastatic prostate cancer (the following exceptions are permitted):Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject may have 1 course of palliative radiation or surgical therapy to treat symptoms resulting from metastatic disease if it was administered at least 4 weeks prior to day 1;Xx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted last cycle of chemotherapy or radiation > 60 days prior to first vaccinationXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation to target organs other than chest may be allowed up to 2 weeks prior to study treatment, orXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor mass(es) accessible for intratumoral injection and are being considered for local radiation therapy and at least one additional site of disease outside the radiation field for assessment of distal (abscopal) responseXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 12 weeks before randomisation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have had any prior treatment with oxaliplatin or irinotecan hydrochloride (irinotecan) within 3 years prior to registration; patients must not have had prior chemotherapy in metastatic setting; prior abdominal radiation therapy is not allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed; patients must not have received minimal radiation therapy (=< 5% of their total marrow volume) within 3 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; otherwise, patients must not have received radiation therapy (> 5% of their total marrow volume) within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; patients who have received prior radiation to 50% or more of their total marrow volume will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived chemotherapy or radiation within 14 days of first dose of study drug, except stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny concomitant systemic therapy or radiation therapy initiated for this malignancy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy for prostate cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation is allowed if the index lesion(s) remains outside of the treatment field or has progressed since prior treatment. Radiation therapy must have been completed at least 4 weeks prior to the baseline scanXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy of the index tumor <3 weeks prior to the screening visitXx_NEWLINE_xXOther allowed prior treatment for mHSPC: a) Maximum of 1 course of radiation or surgical intervention; radiation therapy for metastatic lesions must be completed prior to randomization; b) Less than or equal to (<=) 6 months of ADT prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior radiation therapy must be discontinued at least four weeks prior to registration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy or radiation for pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior radiation therapy are eligible if they meet the following criteria:Xx_NEWLINE_xXChest radiation ? 24 weeks prior to first doseXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment:\r\n* Must have completed standard radiotherapy and concomitant TMZ therapy as defined and determined by the study oncologist\r\n* Besides concomitant TMZ with radiation, no other therapy (neo-adjuvant or adjuvant) can be given prior to study registration, including chemotherapy (also including Gliadel/carmustine [BCNU] wafers), biologics, immunotherapy, radiation therapy; the only exception is the Optune device (NovoTTF-100A), which may be started any time after end of radiation therapy up through the initiation of Cycle 1; intent to use Optune must be declared at registration for stratification\r\n* No prior allogeneic bone marrow transplant or double umbilical cord blood transplantationXx_NEWLINE_xXSurgery or definitive radiation within the four weeks prior to D1 of treatment under this protocol (there is no restriction on timing of palliative radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has had palliative radiation therapy to bone metastases within 14 days prior to the Day 1 visit (side effects from radiation must be resolved).Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy to lung >30 Gy within 6 months of first dose of study medicationXx_NEWLINE_xXTotal body irradiation (TBI) or craniospinal radiation therapy <6monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within 28 days of starting the study treatment, except radiation therapy for bone metastases or radiosurgery is permitted up to 14 days of starting treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory/Physical examination by a Radiation Oncologist and Medical oncologist prior to entering the study.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation treatment to the liver or abdomenXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior treatment including radiation and chemotherapy, with radiation completed > 12 weeks prior to Day 1 (or ? 4 weeks if the recurrence is outside of the prior radiation field).Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy, including brachytherapy, to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy treatment volumesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy to the pelvis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously received systemic, radiation or other treatment for uterine cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have operable disease with curable intent, and/or are candidates for radiation therapy for local controlXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within 30 days prior to enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy other than biopsy or emergency procedure required for supportive care of this oral cavity cancer.Xx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnostic stereotactic biopsy: Patients diagnosed with DIPG may choose to have a stereotactic biopsy prior to starting radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXToxicities related to biopsy must have resolved prior to proceeding with radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior Therapy • Patients must have not received any prior therapy other than surgery, radiation and/or steroids.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy requirementsXx_NEWLINE_xXTiming of Radiation - radiation therapy must begin no later than 30 days after the date of radiographic diagnosis or definitive surgery, whichever is the later date.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior hemibody external radiation. Any external radiation therapy must have been completed at least 14 days prior to registration. Any toxicity from such therapy must have recovered to ? grade 1 per CTCAE version 4 criteria by the time of registration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious definitive chemotherapy (chemo)-radiation is permitted for early stage tumors (cisplatin-based chemo-radiation is permitted but only if tumor progression/relapse occurs after 6 months from treatment completion)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe target lesion is one that either has never received external beam radiation or has been previously irradiated and has since demonstrated progression; any local irradiation of the target lesion or any non-target lesions via external beam, conformal or stereotactic radiation treatments must have occurred more than 4 weeks prior to study drug administration; any full craniospinal radiation, whether or not a target lesion is included in the field, must have occurred more than 3 months prior to study drug administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXExternal beam radiation to both kidneys (scatter doses of < 500 cGy to a single kidney or radiation to < 50% of a single kidney is acceptable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for any cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXHave radiation therapy within 14 days prior to randomization.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 6 months after the end of prior radiation therapy is required unless there is a new recurrence outside of the previous radiotherapy treatment fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXRecurrent tumors near the brainstem and optic chiasm must not have received prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient must have completed chemoradiation (all cohorts) within standards of care established by prior Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)/Network Radiotherapy Group (NRG) Oncology studies as follows:\r\n* Radiation therapy\r\n** Modality: either 3-dimensional (3D) or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), or proton therapy is allowed\r\n** Time to initiation: radiotherapy must be initiated within or equal to 42 days after surgery\r\n** Target volumes: target volume definition will be based upon postoperative-enhanced MRI; preoperative imaging should be used for correlation and improved identification, as necessary\r\n** Dose guidelines: the initial target volume will be treated to 46 Gray (Gy) in 23 fractions; after 46 Gy, the cone-down or boost volume will be treated to a total of 60 Gy, with seven additional fractions of 2 Gy each (14 Gy boost dose)\r\n* Temozolomide during concomitant radiation therapy\r\n** Temozolomide must have been administered continuously from day 1 of radiotherapy to the last day of radiation (+/- 3 days to take into consideration holidays) at a daily oral dose of 75 mg/m^2 for a maximum of 49 days (except missed doses due to toxicity)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy to the ipsilateral breastXx_NEWLINE_xXMRI detected active brain metastasis witch require other therapies such as surgery and/or radiation therapy. Patients already treated for their brain metastasis, surgery or radiation therapy, and have had stable disease for more than two month and NOT requiring steroids may however be included in this study.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 4 weeks must have elapsed since the patient received any radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior systemic therapy or radiation therapy for treatment of the current lung cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior malignancy requiring systemic therapy or radiation therapy within 1 year of randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior systemic therapy, radiation therapy, or surgery within 28 days of starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXEvaluation by a radiation oncologist within 45 days prior to study registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have consulted with a radiation oncologist who is planning radiation; radiation should be completed within a 2-week window from start to finishXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients who will be entering the “expansion phase” of the trial, the patient must be able to safely delay radiation by at least 6 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a history of pituitary irradiation can be included, provided that at least 2 years (stereotactic radiosurgery) or 3 years (conventional radiation) have elapsed from the time of last radiation treatment to the time of enrollment into this study.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapy for brain metastases is not required; patients may either have refused radiation therapy or have received prior radiation therapy; patients having received prior standard whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) must have completed treatment greater than 4 weeks prior to study initiation; patients are either inappropriate candidates for surgical resection or they may have refused surgical resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may receive local palliative radiation therapy immediately before or during the treatment if the radiation therapy is not delivered to the sole target lesionsXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of urological surgery or procedures predisposing to genitourinary (GU) complications after radiation (will be determined by radiation oncologist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of diverticulitis, rectal bleeding or other lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases predisposing to GI complications after radiation (will be determined by radiation oncologist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXAbility to tolerate stereotactic body radiation therapy (e.g. lie flat and hold position for treatment)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy (RT) that precludes the delivery of SBRTXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior single modality radiation therapy is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy (RT) > 20 gray (Gy) to a critical organ within 1 year of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior abdominal radiotherapy that would result in overlap of fields; the treating radiation oncologist should review prior radiation therapy (RT) fields as availableXx_NEWLINE_xXAdjuvant therapy (including radiation therapy) within 2 calendar weeks; toxicities from prior therapy for the malignancy should resolve to grade 1 or lessXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have had no prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXAbility to have breast conservation as determined by the judgment of the radiation oncologist, for which the radiation oncologist has determined that he or she will only treat the whole breast and not regional lymph nodesXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiotherapy to the ipsilateral breast or prior radiation to the region of the breast that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the ipsilateral breast or prior radiation to the region of the breast that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived prior treatment for prostatic adenocarcinoma including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), radiation therapy, or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo interim time prior to study entry is required following prior radiation therapy (RT) for non-target lesions; however, patients must not have received radiation for a minimum of 4 weeks prior to study entry at the site of any lesion that will be identified as a target lesion to measure tumor response; lesions that have been previously radiated cannot be used as target lesions unless there is radiographic evidence of progression at the site following radiation or a biopsy done following radiation shows viable neuroblastoma; palliative radiation is allowed to sites that will not be used to measure response during this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of urological surgery or procedures predisposing to genitourinary (GU) complications after radiation, i.e., anastomoses, stricture repair, etc. (will be determined by radiation oncologist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be >/= 3 weeks beyond treatment with a cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen, or therapeutic radiation, or major surgery. Patients may have received palliative localized radiation immediately before or during treatment provided that radiation is not delivered to the only site of disease being treated under this protocol. For biologic/targeted agents patients must be >/= 5 half-lives or >/= 3 weeks form the last dose (whichever comes first).Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious treatment with external beam radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXLess than 6 months since the end of previous radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to maximally tolerated levels to any critical normal organ, or > 20 Gy prior radiation to large areas of the bone marrow (e.g., external radiation therapy to whole pelvis)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior therapy that included interstitial brachytherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery must have confirmation of true progressive disease rather than radiation necrosis based upon positron emission tomography (PET), Thallium scanning, MR spectroscopy/perfusion, progression outside of radiation field, or surgical documentation of disease; if the additional imaging is unable to be performed for insurance or other reasons, the principal investigator (PI) will review the available imaging to determine if patients is eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within four weeks prior to start of study treatment (day -1)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be considered able to tolerate systemic chemotherapy combined with pelvic radiation therapy, and a radical cystectomy (if necessary) by the joint agreement of the participating urologist, radiation oncologist, and medical oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy or radiation for this lung cancer.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the bladderXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be a candidate for ipsilateral radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPhysician recommendation of bilateral neck radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPhysician recommendation of mucosal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to Week 0, Day 1 of study treatment. Patients may not receive or have received any radiation therapy at the biopsy sites.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to the first study dose.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave received prior radiation to maximally tolerated levels to any critical normal organXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior radiation for other diagnoses to the expected treatment fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously received radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous lung or mediastinal radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXGreater than 12 weeks from radiotherapy, to minimize the potential for MRI changes related to radiation necrosis that might be misdiagnosed as pseudoprogression of disease, unless the recurrence is a new lesion, outside the primary radiation field or the patient fulfills criteria for early progressive disease by RANO ((Wen et al., 2010); Appendix C).Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapy with gamma knife or other focal high-dose radiation is allowed, but at least 2 weeks must have elapsed from the time of treatment, and the patient must have subsequent post-radiotherapy histologic documentation of recurrence in the irradiated field, unless the recurrence is a new lesion outside the irradiated field.Xx_NEWLINE_xXChemotherapy or radiation within 3 weeks of the first scheduled study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy of any kind is allowed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation must have been completed 2 weeks prior to the initiation of study therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXChemotherapy, biologic anti-cancer therapy, or central field radiation therapy =< 28 days prior to randomization; Note: local or stereotactic radiation =< 14 days prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXHave undergone chest irradiation within 2 weeks prior to study drug administration, have not recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, or requires corticosteroids. A 2-week washout is permitted for focal palliative radiation to non-central nervous system disease.Xx_NEWLINE_xXIn patients who have received prior radiation, at least 4 weeks should have elapsed since the completion of radiation therapy involving the whole pelvis or over 50% of the spine; if vaginal brachytherapy is planned with chemotherapy, it should be done before or after completion of chemotherapy treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXDeemed medically fit for stereotactic body radiation therapy by the treating physicianXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation or surgery is allowed, but should be finished at least 2 weeks prior to study enrollment; if a participant has prior radiation therapy, at least one measurable lesion outside of the radiation field should be available for the evaluation of response to chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not receive concomitant radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior definitive radiation therapy provided that at least 28 days (14 days for palliative radiation therapy) have elapsed since the last treatment and patients have recovered (i.e., =< grade 1 or at baseline) from all associated toxicities at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipant has received radiation therapy to the lung that is > 30 Gy within 6 months of the first dose of trial treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior treatment with radiation or chemotherapy for their GBMXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior treatment for the patient's GBM including radiation or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy, including brachytherapy, to the region of the prostate that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to any of the field required to treat the tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the head and neck regionXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior chest radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received other chemotherapeutics or investigational agents in addition to their radiation therapy and concomitant temozolomide treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the ipsilateral breast or thoraxXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation treatment of > 45 gray (Gy) to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone local treatment via prostatectomy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have had their last fraction of:\r\n* Craniospinal irradiation, total body irradiation (TBI), or >= 50% radiation of pelvis > 3 months prior to enrollment\r\n* Focal irradiation > 6 weeks prior to enrollment\r\n* Local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port) >= 4 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with radiation-associated gliomas will not be eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy:Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastases within 2 weeks, other external radiation therapy within 2 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should have no contraindications for chemotherapy or radiation, and should receive either definitive chemoradiation therapy or preoperative chemoradiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the chest or abdomenXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received anticancer chemotherapy, surgical treatment, and/or radiation therapy (except palliative radiation therapy for disease-related pain with a consult with the sponsor's medical monitor) within ?2 weeks of first study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy to bone within 4 weeks before enrollment;Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, concurrent chemoradiation are allowed if used for treatment of non-metastatic diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXMRI post radiation therapy (RT) does not show progressive disease at time of randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (or other non-systemic therapy) within 2 weeks prior to randomization or not fully recovered from adverse events due to a previously administered treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAn interval of at least 12 weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to start of study drug unless there is a new area of enhancement consistent with recurrent tumor outside the radiation field or there is unequivocal histologic confirmation of tumor progressionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have received extensive radiation therapy, including sternum, pelvis, scapulae, vertebrae or skull, within 4 weeks of the first day of study drug or received palliative low dose radiation therapy limited to limbs within 1 week of the first day of study drug, or subjects who have not recovered from side effects of such therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to radiation therapy or who has not recovered (i.e., =< grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previously administered agent\r\n* Note: prior radiation therapy does not necessary exclude patients; the index lesion may be acceptable for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and this will be determined by radiation oncologist\r\n* Note: if there is more than one symptomatic lesion, patients will be excluded if the lesions can’t be encompassed within one radiation portal\r\n* Note: subjects with =< grade 2 neuropathy are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study\r\n* Note: if subject received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy =< 2 weeks prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior malignancy is acceptable, but prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields is not allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior known radiation therapy in head and neck areaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy or implant in the contralateral breastXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation or chemotherapy within 4 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation or chemotherapy for gliomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the head or neck with overlapping radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior radiation therapy must be discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to study treatment initiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has had radiation therapy within 2 weeks of beginning study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous radiation or chemotherapy for a head and neck cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have recurrences that are amenable to potentially curative treatment with radiation therapy or surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipant has had radiation therapy within 14 days of randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with a history of prior radiation therapy to the thoraxXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have received prior radiation therapy and standard temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (except palliative radiation therapy for disease-related pain) within ?2 weeks of first ADXS11-001 infusion.Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe patient has received chemotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy (for therapeutic purposes) within 3 weeks of initiating study treatment (4 weeks for bevacizumab or investigational drugs) or the patient has not recovered (grade >= 2 from side effects of the previous therapy); patients who receive palliative radiation therapy can be treated immediately after completion of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation oncologist determines that the patient is medically able to undergo palliative radiation therapy and plans to treat the patient’s target lesions with one fraction of high dose palliative radiation therapy utilizing the Scan-Plan-Quality Analysis (QA)-Treat STAT RAD workflowXx_NEWLINE_xXThe target lesions have not previously been treated with external beam radiation; the patient may have previously been treated with external beam radiation therapy to other body sites, as long as the target osseous lesions were not included in that treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo recent treatment for thyroid cancer as defined as: \r\n* No prior 131I therapy is allowed < 6 months prior to initiation of therapy on this protocol; a diagnostic study using < 10 mCi of 131I is not considered 131I therapy\r\n* No external beam radiation therapy < 4 weeks prior to initiation of therapy on this protocol; (previous treatment with radiation for any indication is allowed if the investigator judges that the previous radiation does not significantly compromise patient safety on this protocol) \r\n* No chemotherapy or targeted therapy (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitor) is allowed < 4 weeks prior to the initiation of therapy on this protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXNo radiation within 4 weeks of mobilization attemptXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy for the current locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN); prior radiation or chemotherapy for a previous head and neck cancer is allowed provided full dose radiation can be delivered to the current treatment and provided the patient remains in remission for greater than 3 years from prior diagnosisXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have received prior radiation therapy to any portion of the abdominal cavity or pelvis are excluded; prior intravaginal brachytherapy is permitted; prior radiation therapy for breast cancer is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy that at the treating physician's discretion makes SABR unsafeXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor progression or recurrence within 6 months of last dose of platinum therapy in the adjuvant (ie with radiation after surgery), primary (ie, with radiation), recurrent, or metastatic settingXx_NEWLINE_xXProgressive disease if treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery or immuno-therapy. If prior radiation was given, the measurable disease should be outside the radiation port.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior systemic therapy, immunotherapy, investigational agent, or radiation therapy within the last 4 weeks. Radiation therapy for symptomatic relief is allowed within the last 2 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (XRT): >= 6 months from involved field radiation to index plexiform neurofibroma(s); >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if subject has received radiation to areas outside index plexiform neurofibroma(s); subjects who have received radiation to the orbit at any time are excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have received radiation to the orbit at any time previouslyXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects must not have had prior surgery (biopsy allowed) or radiation therapy within 6 months of enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXConventional chemotherapy or radiation within 4 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation within 2 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior intraabdominal, intrathoracic, vascular, spinal or intracranial surgery or radiation therapy within 4 weeks of starting treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy or surgery; however, at least 14 days must have elapsed since completion of radiation therapy or surgery and patient must have only grade 2 or less adverse effects at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have a history of prior malignancy, but must be able to tolerate full dose radiation and chemotherapy for the current head and neck cancer, as determined by the treating oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXThere must be no plans to receive concomitant chemotherapy, biological response modifiers, radiation therapy or hormonal therapy; concomitant radiation therapy is allowed for the palliation of severe pain/neuropathic compressionXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy, radiation, or biotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo radiation therapy =< 4 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be at least two weeks from prior radiation therapy (RT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious pelvic radiation for prior cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE I: Prior chemotherapy or radiation administered within 2 weeks from initiating study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 2 weeks since prior chemotherapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXCOHORT A: Current or prior radiation therapy to the prostate; prior radiation to a metastatic site (e.g., palliative radiation) is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy: >= 12 weeks must have elapsed from craniospinal radiation; >= 2 weeks must have elapsed from focal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must have had their last fraction of external beam radiation therapy at least 4 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXProstate pelvic radiation within the past 12 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXChemotherapy, radiation therapy, or ablative therapy within 3 weeks of randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to a target lesion is permitted only if there has been clear progression of the lesion since radiation was completed; if patient receives single dose radiation for palliation or radiation to non-target lesion, they may immediately proceed to registration without waiting; acute adverse events from radiation must have resolved to =< Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v 3.0 grade 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXBrain metastases unless documented to be controlled post completion of local therapy (surgery and/or radiation therapy) for at least four weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious head and neck radiation therapy involving the glottic larynxXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior treatment with radiation therapy or chemotherapy for the currently diagnosed larynx cancer prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation to the chest wall or breast being studiedXx_NEWLINE_xXStratum 1: patients must not have received radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received radiation therapy > 5 years ago for malignancies other than pancreatic cancer and whose radiation therapy field is not overlapping with the 20% isodose line of current radiation field are eligible, provided that radiation therapy was completed > 5 years ago and that there is no evidence of the second malignancy at the time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted standard external beam radiation with temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to the first study dose.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrimary treatment with radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXReceipt of drug that will affect biologic response to radiation (radiosensitizer or radioprotector)Xx_NEWLINE_xXFor radiation required prior to surgery, the participant must register within 84 days of surgery. Also, participants in this situation would not be required to have additional post-mastectomy radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had radiation therapy within 1 week prior to entering the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXNeoadjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy for cervical cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation therapy to the ipsilateral breast and/or regional nodes is not allowed (prior RT to other sites is permitted).Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiotherapy to thorax (prior breast radiation therapy [RT] is permitted).Xx_NEWLINE_xXHNSCC and cSCC cannot be curable by surgery and/or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy precluding SBRTXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived radiation therapy =< 14 days prior to initiation of investigational productsXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with prior head and neck radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients currently receiving radiation therapy, or who have received radiation within 2 weeks from the start of therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy =< 14 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy or radionuclide therapy for the treatment of metastasis within four weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy; emergent radiotherapy to preserve vital organ function is permitted; participants who receive emergent radiation will not be eligible for window therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation therapy to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXLast radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior starting study treatment, or limited field of radiation for palliation within 7 days of the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation therapy to the affected siteXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have failed prior radiation therapy and must have an interval of greater than or equal to 12 weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXStudy-specific exclusions:\r\n* History of prior radiation to the pelvis\r\n* History of uncontrolled inflammatory bowel disease\r\n* Unable to comply with radiation therapy proceduresXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy; all adverse events associated with prior radiation therapy must have resolved to =< grade 1 prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation above the claviclesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapy: there is no limit on the number of prior surgeries, radiation therapy treatments, radiosurgery treatments, or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xX4 weeks (28 days) from any radiation treatment, stereotactic radiosurgery, conventional surgery, or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation therapy (to less than 30% of the bone marrow only) is allowed; at least 28 days must have elapsed since the completion of radiation therapy and the patient must have recovered from side effects; prior treatment with samarium-153 or strontium-86 is allowed if at least eight weeks have elapsed since dosing, and all toxicities have resolved to grade 1; soft tissue disease which has been radiated in the prior 2 months is not assessable as measurable diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to first doseXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy to a study target lesion within 6 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received radiation therapy, radionuclide therapy or undergone surgery within certain duration (4 weeks) of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients must be eligible to have either IMRT or IMPT as determined by the study radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be excluded if they have had prior radiation to the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone partial breast radiation (duration =< 7 days) prior to registration are eligible; partial breast radiation must be completed prior to 2 weeks before starting protocol therapy; patients who have undergone whole breast radiation are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients undergoing breast conservation therapy (i.e. lumpectomy) must not have any contraindications to radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with embolization (including bland embolization, chemoembolization, and selective internal radiation therapy) or ablative therapies is allowed if measurable disease remains outside of the treated area or there is documented disease progression in a treated site; there is no limit on the prior number of procedures; prior liver-directed or other ablative treatment must be completed at least 8 weeks prior to registration; index lesions for the purpose of RECIST 1.1 measurements will not be selected from within the radiation therapy treatment field; however, if there is evidence of disease progression within the radiation treatment field, measurement of the progressing lesions will be documentedXx_NEWLINE_xXFully recovered from any prior surgery and/or radiation and none within 2 weeks of initiating treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior palliative radiation therapy to bone sites is allowed as long as it is completed more than two weeks agoXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within the 14 days prior to Day 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with chemotherapy or radiation for pancreatic cancer or prior treatment with radiation for other diagnoses to expected pancreatic cancer treatment fields.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to first dose. Localized radiation therapy within 1 week prior to first dose.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation or chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy of any kind is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with isolated recurrences (vaginal, pelvic, or para-aortic) that are amenable to potentially curative treatment with radiation therapy or surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation or chemotherapy for glioblastoma or glioma.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have recovered from prior treatment regimens, e.g. surgery, radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXUntreated central nervous system metastases; patients are eligible if they are clinically stable, off all steroids after cranial irradiation (whole brain radiation therapy, focal radiation therapy, stereotactic radio surgery) ending at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment, or after surgical resection performed at least 2 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRecipients of prior abdominal radiation therapy (focal splenic radiation is acceptable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the head or neck, which would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation or radiosurgery to the involved level of the spineXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have undergone local treatment via radical prostatectomy\r\n* Patients who have received primary radiation therapy followed by a salvage radical prostatectomy are eligible\r\n* Patients who have had post-operative radiation therapy for presumed locally recurrent disease are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXMust be a candidate for surgery and/or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be ineligible if any prior therapeutic radiation therapy > 200 cGy has been delivered to the target volumeXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be >= 3 weeks beyond treatment with a cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen, or therapeutic radiation, or major surgery; a confirmation (written or verbal) that there is no risk of surgical complications from a patient’s surgeon has to be obtained prior to starting therapy in patients with a history of major surgery within past 6 weeks; patients may have received palliative localized radiation immediately before or during treatment provided that radiation is not delivered to the only site of disease being treated under this protocol; for biologic/targeted agents patients must be >= 5 half-lives or >= 3 weeks form the last dose (whichever comes first)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe last radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to starting study treatment, or limited field of radiation for palliation within 7 days of the first dose of study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving palliative radiation will be eligible after a wash-out period of 2 weeks between finishing radiation and initiation of study drugs; palliative radiation will not be allowed during cycle 1 of treatment but is permitted in this study during following cycles as long as there are evaluable lesions that are not being irradiatedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXEndometrial cancer patients must be at least 3 months post-active chemotherapy and/or maintenance therapy treatment but not greater than 5 years post-active chemotherapy and/or maintenance therapy treatment; they must be at least 4 weeks post-radiation therapy (external beam radiation therapy [EBRT] or intravaginal radiation therapy [IVRT]) but not greater than 5 years post-radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of standard dose CNS radiation of 60 Gy in 30 fractions or 59.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions, or equivalent or lower doses\r\n* Patients who have received prior treatment with non-standard radiation therapy (RT) dose and fractionation, interstitial brachytherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, etc. are eligible as long as the criterion is met or approved by a principal investigatorXx_NEWLINE_xXCurrently receiving cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or biologic therapy) NOTE: palliative radiation therapy is permitted for non-target lesions that are either new or present at baseline provided total dose does not exceed 30 grays (Gy); however, radiation skin injury has been reported with concurrent use of dabrafenib and radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXSTEP 2 ENROLLMENT AND RANDOMIZATION: bevacizumab will not be permitted within 2 weeks of the initiation of the radiation therapy courseXx_NEWLINE_xXAn oncology research protocol requiring full pelvic radiation (i.e., 4-field box technique)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have had radiation therapy, minor surgery, or tumor embolization with 14 days prior to the first dose of pazopanibXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SSCHN) (other than biopsy or tonsillectomy) is allowed at time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXExternal beam radiation therapy within 4 weeks of registration is prohibited, or anticipated need for radiation therapy (e.g. imminent pathological fracture or spinal cord compression) within 3 months of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXConcomitant anticancer therapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy (no radiation within prior 2 weeks)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have had any prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have had radiation therapy within 14 days of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXCohort 2: Patients received surgery or biopsy and radiation therapy (RT) (including fractionated external beam radiation therapy and/or stereotactic radiosurgery), which was completed >= 6 months prior to enrollment, and have a baseline MRI scan within 4 weeks prior to the first vaccine that shows stable disease or regressionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who develop a recurrence or progression (WHO criteria) of an MPNST in a previously radiated field may be enrolled if it has been at least 4 weeks since the last dose of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients previously treated with radiation therapy to the thoracic or lumbar spinal levels of involved disease will not be includedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to sites other than the brain is allowed, if completed at least 2 weeks before treatment and provided that all radiation-related toxicities have resolved to =< grade 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have been treated previously with radiation therapy and treatment must have been completed at least 8 weeks prior to surgery for catheter implantationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for any cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior radiation for rectal cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to initiation of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXContraindication to chemotherapy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the esophagusXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior mediastinal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the bladderXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have received prior radiation therapy or surgery; however, at least 21 days must have elapsed since completion of radiation therapy or surgery and patient must have recovered from all side effects at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXConcomitant anticancer therapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy (no radiation within prior 4 weeks)Xx_NEWLINE_xXLaboratory evaluations;\r\n* Semen analysis (patients will not be excluded if they do not wish to have an analysis or their insurance denies the claim) (prior to start of radiation)\r\n* Follicle-stimulating hormone (prior to start of radiation\r\n* Luteinizing Hormone (prior to start of radiation)\r\n* Lactate Dehydrogenase (prior to start of radiation)\r\n* Human chorionic gonadotropin (prior to start of radiation)\r\n* Complete blood count (prior to start of radiation)\r\n* Alpha-fetoprotein (prior to start of radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer:\r\n* Prior radiation therapy for a different cancer or disease process is allowed, provided there will be no overlap of radiation therapy fields between the participant’s prior and current course of radiation therapy, radiotherapy was completed more than four weeks from first fraction of proton therapy administered in this study, and the participant has recovered to grade =< 1 toxicity related to prior radiotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have been treated with at least one prior treatment regimen that included carboplatin; patients who have received prior radiation therapy for this tumor are eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXIntraventricular chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 4 days of starting treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXCurrent or prior radiation therapy to the prostateXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation or chemotherapy for MCLXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients in cohort 1 may not receive chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies (other than RANK-ligand inhibitors being used for bone protection), HER2 targeted therapy such as lapatinib, or radiation therapy in the 3 weeks before the first injection, during the injection period or for at least 2 weeks after the last injection; in cohort 2, patients may not receive cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the 3 weeks before the first injection, during the injection period or for at least 2 weeks after the last injection; patients may have received prior radiation including for brain metastasesXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have no prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for lymphomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy to treat the current diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior radiotherapy to any portion of the abdominal cavity or pelvis are excluded; prior radiation therapy for localized cancer of the breast, head and neck, or skin is permitted provided that it was completed more than 3 years prior to registration, and the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation to any area of the body < 28 days prior to randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXAbility to tolerate stereotactic body radiation therapy (e.g. lie flat and hold position for treatment)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy (RT) within 2 months of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXFor patients who undergo surgery, postoperative whole brain radiation therapy will not be allowed while patients are on study; patients will require discontinuation of neratinib if WBRT will be administered; however, if the treating provider feels that targeted radiosurgery (SRS, gamma knife, etc) would be of benefit postoperatively, patients may proceed with this and then begin neratinib AFTER radiation completesXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior chemotherapy or radiation for treatment of the patient’s pancreatic tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXFor all patients, >= 4 weeks must have elapsed for local external beam radiation therapy (XRT); >= 6 months must have elapsed if prior radiation to >= 50% of the pelvis or if substantial bone marrow irradiation; patients with a history of prior radiation with field including the heart (i.e. mantle) will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have been previously treated with radiation therapy and temozolomide (bevacizumab-naive - groups 1 and 3) or radiation therapy, temozolomide and bevacizumab (bevacizumab-exposed -groups 2 and 4); therapy with these agents may be given together or sequentially in the pastXx_NEWLINE_xXFor bevacizumab-naive patients (groups 1 and 3) a minimum of 6 months must have elapsed since completion of radiation therapy for study entry, and there is no minimum time since completion of last chemotherapy; for bevacizumab-exposed patients (groups 2 and 4) no minimum time since completion of last radiation therapy, biologic agents, or chemotherapy will be required for study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients currently receiving radiation therapy or those having received radiation within 4 weeks of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation treatment that includes the liver in the main radiation fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious therapeutic radiation therapy (XRT) to the liver as part of involved-field radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXInformation on previous radiation treatment, including total dose and fractionation must be available; additional information including radiation fields and dose-volume-histogram or isodose lines is preferableXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation of greater than 60 Gy to > 20% of brainstemXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgery or radiation treatment < 4 weeks prior to enrollment; in addition, cannot have received radiation to the thorax or gastrointestinal tract within three months of the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy, surgery, or other local therapy for target brain lesionsXx_NEWLINE_xXRequire radiation therapy for palliation of symptoms or to prevent local progression of disease and associated complications and/or symptoms from metastasesXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for splenomegaly within 6 months prior to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of urological surgery or procedures predisposing to genitourinary (GU) complications after radiation (will be determined by radiation oncologist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of diverticulitis, rectal bleeding or other lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases predisposing to GI complications after radiation (will be determined by radiation oncologist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of fractionated radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXDIPG patients only (enrollment plan 2 and 3)\r\n* Diagnosis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); biopsy will not be required for study enrollment\r\n* Completion of standard radiation therapy (not to exceed 5580 centigray [cGy]) with a post radiation therapy (RT) MRI that shows no disease progression when compared with pre-RT MRI; all patients must be treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or an equivalent conformal technique; the clinical target volume will be defined as the gross tumor volume (full extent of tumor visible on MRI) plus 1 cm margin; patients from an outside institution who are referred after the start of radiation therapy may complete initial radiation therapy at their home institution as long as dosage guidelines are met and the total dose does not exceed 5580 cGy at the time of study registration\r\n* Able to begin vaccination 4 weeks (+/- 1 week) of completion of standard radiation therapy\r\n* Age 18 months and olderXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior radiation or chemotherapy may be enrolled on this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation to bony metastases within 2 weeks prior to initiation of ipatasertibXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the abdominal area which would overlap with the proposed area of treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be ineligible if any prior therapeutic radiation therapy > 200 cGy has been delivered to the target volumeXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be ineligible if surgery and chemotherapy was completed >= 20 weeks from the planned start date of radiation therapy or if the patient is referred for radiation therapy after a relapse of prior ipsilateral breast cancer; surgery can exceed 20 weeks if the patient undergoes chemotherapy following surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received investigational chemotherapy prior to radiation therapy are excluded from this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXIn order to prevent registering patients with pseudo progression rather than true disease progression, patients must not have received any form of cranial radiation within 12 weeks of study entry; NOTE: patients who have received cranial radiation within 12 weeks of study entry will be allowed to register to trial only if either progressive disease is confirmed via biopsy or there is a new area of enhancement consistent with recurrent tumor outside the radiation field (defined as the region outside the high-dose region or 80% isodose line)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior intracranial radiation therapy (whole brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, gamma knife, or equivalent) is allowed, but not requiredXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with no prior treatment with intracranial radiation therapy (ICR) may be included unless ICR is emergently indicated (in consultation with a local therapist, i.e. neurosurgeon or radiation oncologist)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to maximally tolerated levels to any critical normal organ, or > 20 Gy prior radiation to large areas of the bone marrow (e.g., external radiation therapy to whole pelvis)Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior radiation therapy must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be >= 3 weeks beyond treatment with a cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen, or therapeutic radiation, or major surgery; patients may have received palliative localized radiation immediately before or during treatment provided that radiation is not delivered to the only site of disease being treated under this protocol; for biologic/targeted agents patients must be >= 5 half-lives or >= 3 weeks form the last dose (whichever comes first)Xx_NEWLINE_xXIf palliative radiation to non-breast sites is required prior to initiation of systemic therapy, scans may be completed within 8 weeks prior to or 4 weeks following the start of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be judged to be candidates for complete resection with free margins followed by radiation therapy (if radiation therapy is indicated)Xx_NEWLINE_xXIf radiation was previously received, the measurable disease must be outside the previous radiation field, unless this area has demonstrated evidence of radiographic growthXx_NEWLINE_xXIf spinal metastases is within previously irradiated field, there must be a 6 month interval between prior radiation course and study registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXOther metastatic lesions not previously treated with radiation therapy are allowed providing they are measurable by CT or MRIXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with liver metastases cannot have received prior upper abdominal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXthe radiation field does not encompass a target lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXEvidence of suspicious microcalcifications in the breast prior to start of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious breast radiation on either side or thoracic radiation on the ipsilateral sideXx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent use of other anti-cancer agents or treatment or concurrent radiation to the pelvis; palliative radiation to areas outside the pelvis is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject may have received prior radiation therapy (except to inguinal region) but must have completed such therapy prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may receive concurrent radiation therapy to painful sites of bony disease or areas of impending fracture as long as the radiation therapy is initiated prior to study entry and sites of measurable and non-measurable disease outside the radiation therapy port are available to follow; patients who have received prior radiation therapy must have recovered from toxicity of the prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously been treated with brain irradiation to the region that would result in overlap of the radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXMajor surgery, locoregional therapy, or radiation therapy within four weeks of the first dose of ARQ 087Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation within 14 days of starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXA history of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted provided that symptoms have resolvedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who had prior head and neck radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy in excess of 20 Gy to the site of the current diagnosis of sarcoma. No overlap with prior radiation fields in excess of 20 Gy is allowed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the liver (prior radiation therapy to the pelvis is acceptable if completed at least 4 weeks prior to registration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior radiation therapy must be discontinued at least four weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to first study drug administration.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should be at least four weeks from the last day of therapeutic radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapy or from antibody therapy, or at least five half-lives from non-cytotoxic targeted or biologic therapy; patients may have received palliative radiation immediately before (or during) treatment provided radiation is not to the only target lesion availableXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be considered able to tolerate systemic chemotherapy and pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation to the thorax that would overlap with the current treatment field, prior radiation to other areas is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may receive palliative radiation therapy before or during treatment on protocol, provided that there is measurable or evaluable disease out of the radiation field; patients may receive palliative radiation therapy, if needed, 48 hours after last dose of investigational drug; in addition patients may be enrolled on trial seven days following palliative radiation; we will closely monitor for the appearance of radiation recall reactions; hormonal therapy may continue in patients who have been on such treatment for three months or longerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious external beam radiation therapy to the pelvis. Previous external beam radiation therapy for bony disease to the cranium, mediastinum, and axilla, or to two or to more than 3 vertebral bodiesXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior radiation therapy will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants or their legal guardian must sign consent prior to the initiation of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will be ineligible if chemotherapy was completed >= 1 year from the planned start date of radiation therapy or if the patient is referred for radiation therapy after a relapse following a regimen with chemotherapy aloneXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo previous radiation treatment to the head (unless the ports for that radiation entirely excluded the brain) for any conditionXx_NEWLINE_xXMust be able to start treatment with radiation therapy (RT) within 2 weeks or 10 working days at a qualified center (to be defined by the Radiation Oncology chair) and to start TMZ prescribed at a participating center within 2 weeks or 10 working days of randomizationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious treatment with definitive surgery or radiation therapy or bothXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior systemic therapy, radiation therapy or intracavitary surgery (intra-thoracic, intra-abdominal or intracranial) within 28 days of starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior radiation therapy to the brain for any reasonXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy =< 2 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXcurrent symptomatic radiation proctitis requiring creams;Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to maximally tolerated levels to any critical normal organXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have shown unequivocal evidence for tumor recurrence or progression by MRI scan and should have failed radiation therapy. The scan done prior to study entry documenting progression will be reviewed by the treating physician to document changes in tumor dimension to confirm recurrence. Patients with prior therapy that included interstitial brachytherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery must have confirmation of true progressive disease rather than radiation necrosis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAdequate recovery of drug related toxicities, surgery or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have already received > 45 gray (Gy) to the craniospinal radiation or > 72 Gy focal brain radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXCraniospinal radiation therapy (XRT) is prohibited during protocol therapy; no washout period is necessary for radiation given to non-CNS chloromas; >= 90 days must have elapsed if prior traumatic brain injury (TBI) or craniospinal XRTXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of therapy; Must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation/chemotherapy within 21 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the pelvis or abdomen that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXNever received radiation therapy at index level(s) (following consult with radiation oncologist re: conventional treatment options) OR Received radiation therapy without adequate relief from metastatic bone pain as determined by the patient and treating physician, their treating physician would not prescribe additional radiation treatments, or refuse additional radiation therapy,Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy was completed on the index vertebra(e) ? 28 days before enrollment,Xx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing radiation therapy, radiation therapy administered within 30 days of enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with full field radiation therapy within 4 weeks or limited field radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study medicationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are newly diagnosed should have not received any other chemotherapeutic therapy (with the exception of dexamethasone) 1 week before starting, or radiation therapy, 4 weeks before startingXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 12 weeks must have elapsed since administration of craniospinal or hemipelvic radiation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRecurrent or metastatic disease that is not amenable to therapy with curative intent (surgery or radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior palliative radiation therapy less than 2 weeks prior to administration of study treatment or prior whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) less than 4 weeks prior to study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy to the chest, breast or supraclavicular fossa that would limit radiation delivery to the full prescription doseXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation treatment within 2 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy: patients who have received prior radiotherapy to any portion of the abdominal cavity or pelvis are excluded; prior radiation for localized cancer of the breast, head and neck, or skin is permitted, provided that it was completed more than three years prior to registration, and the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study medicationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with stable brain metastasis are eligible provided they received definitive therapy (external beam radiation therapy [EBRT], gamma knife, surgery) no sooner than 14 days prior to registration and are off all steroidsXx_NEWLINE_xXLocalized radiation therapy within the last 14 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior CNS directed radiation treatment completed within 3 weeks prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with chemotherapy or radiation for pancreatic cancer or prior treatment with radiation for other diagnoses to expected pancreatic cancer treatment fields.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously received radiation therapy to the chest or abdomen such that there would be overlap between the previous and current radiation fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received > 500 cGy radiation to the kidneys will be excluded from the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have received previous therapy for their head and neck SCC, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery beyond biopsyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the thorax such that composite radiation would significantly over-dose critical structures, either per estimation of the treating radiation oncologist or defined by failure to meet normal tissue tolerance constraintsXx_NEWLINE_xXCarcinoma requiring systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the liver that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation to primary tumor prior to enrollment in this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXThe participant may have prior treatment for bladder tumor (excluding radiation therapy) provided that treatment:\r\n* Was completed greater than 30 days prior to the first dose of study agentXx_NEWLINE_xXAny chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy received =< 3 months of study entry and any immunotherapy received =< 6 months of study entry (with the execption of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin [BCG] treatment)Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior external beam radiation to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXThe time interval between CNS radiation, whole brain radiation, spinal cord radiation, or radiosurgery, and initiation of protocol specified chemotherapy must be at least 1 weekXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received previous abdominal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXTherapeutic radiation therapy or major surgery within 4 weeks before study drug treatment; or palliative radiation within 2 weeks before study drug treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation allowed provided that 2 weeks has passed since radiation and/or the patient has recovered from the side effectsXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing radiation therapy or radiation therapy administered within 2 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing radiation therapy, radiation therapy administered within 30 days of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXInsufficient time from last prior regimen or radiation exposure (washout period of 4 weeks)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed but must have been completed >= 4 weeks prior to study entry; patients with history of prior radiation to the liver including radio-labeled microspheres cannot take part in this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPts who have received prior mantle or extensive mediastinal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with carcinoma of the cervix must have advanced disease not amenable to curative surgery and/or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease progression following radiation & TMZXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have had their last fraction of:\r\n* Craniospinal irradiation (> 24 Gray [Gy]) or total body irradiation > 3 months prior to registration\r\n* Local palliative external beam radiation therapy (XRT) (small port) >= 2 weeks \r\n* Other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation >= 6 weeks must have elapsedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the prostateXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor must not have been treated previously with radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation treatment to the tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior hormonal or surgical therapy for prostate cancer; including prior brachytherapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the bladderXx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior treatment (chemotherapy, radiation) for pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation therapy to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiotherapy: 3 weeks must have elapsed since radiation therapy (XRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with brain metastases or spinal cord compression unless they completed radiation therapy >= 4 weeks prior to the first dose of ponatinib and are stable without steroids or anti-convulsant therapy for >= 10 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have received prior chemotherapy or radiation for pancreatic cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be clinically suitable for radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone prior ablation treatment or radiation therapy of the index tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects will not be treated with any radiation, chemotherapy, or investigational agents while enrolled in this protocol.Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceived maximal radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy or surgery in the past 4 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior breast radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have had radiation therapy within the last 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXReceipt of prior chemotherapy (CT) or radiation therapy (RT) for PTCL, other than a single allowed CHOP regimen, except:Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave had previous radiation of the pelvic areaXx_NEWLINE_xX=< 2 weeks since radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSCREENING: Patients with no more than 3 intracranial metastases, which have been definitively treated by surgery or radiation therapy may be eligible for study provided there is no evidence of active disease for at least 2 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation treatment to the HN regionXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation to bladder or pelvic regionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have isolated recurrences (vaginal, pelvic, or paraaortic) that are amenable to potentially curative treatment with radiation therapy or surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior Therapy: \r\n* Prior Chemotherapy: Patients who have had a prior chemotherapy regimen for advanced or metastatic disease are excluded\r\n* Prior Radiation Therapy: Patients may have received prior radiation therapy for treatment of endometrial carcinoma; prior radiation therapy may have included pelvic radiation therapy, extended field pelvic/para-aortic radiation therapy, and/or intravaginal brachytherapy, alone or with chemotherapy as a radiation sensitizer; all radiation therapy must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to the first date of study therapy, the prior radiation field, radiation dose, number of fractions and prior radiation start and stop dates must be provided at registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior chemotherapy or radiation.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologically confirmed supratentorial high grade glioma (grade III or IV glioma) that is progressive or recurrent following radiation therapy and chemotherapy; patients with grade IV glioma must have progressed or recurred after initial treatment with radiation and temozolomide; patients with grade III glioma must have received at least radiation and one regimen of chemotherapy (temozolomide or procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine [PCV] regimen)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment including surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the current primary breast cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has received radiation therapy:\r\n* To the thoracic cavity or abdomen within 3 months before the first dose of study treatment, or has ongoing complications, or is without complete recovery and healing from prior radiation therapy\r\n* To bone or brain metastasis within 3 weeks before the first dose of study treatment\r\n* To any other site(s) within 28 days before the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation, including whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), is allowed prior to enrollment as long as it is completed > 2 weeks from initiation of study treatment, and provided patient has recovered from treatment toxicities to =< grade 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent radiation therapy, except for palliation of a single painful bone lesion or fracture.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny radiation therapy =< 28 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy completed >= 4 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have received prior radiation treatment to the chest; records of prior radiation treatment must be availableXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have received prior chest radiation at least 3 months prior to enrollment in this trial; radiation treatment to other body sites not overlapping with current radiation fields are allowed within the 3 months period (example, brain radiation is allowed)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be able to receive proton radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have never received radiation to the chestXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received radiation to the chest within the past 3 months (in a region that overlaps with current radiation fields)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation to bone metastases within 2 weeks prior to Day 1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to lung fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has received radiation therapy:\r\n* To the thoracic cavity, abdomen or pelvis within 3 months of the first dose of study treatment or has with ongoing complications or is without complete recovery and healing from prior radiation therapy\r\n* To bone or brain metastasis within 14 days of the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients in whom surgery or radiation therapy may be impracticalXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation therapy to ipsilateral breastXx_NEWLINE_xXCNS disease unless radiation therapy and/or surgery has been completed and serial evaluation demonstrates stable diseaseXx_NEWLINE_xXReceipt of radiation therapy within 3 weeks of scheduled dosing day 1, unless the radiation comprised a limited field to non-visceral structures (eg, a limb bone metastasis).Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny prior chemotherapy or radiation for treatment of the patient’s pancreatic tumorXx_NEWLINE_xXHave had prior dissection and/or radiation in pelvis.Xx_NEWLINE_xX>= 2 weeks must have elapsed for local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port) and enrollment on study; at least 24 weeks must have elapsed since prior total body irradiation (TBI), radiation to >= 50% of pelvis, or craniospinal radiation; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if the patient has received other substantial bone marrow (BM radiation); >= 6 weeks for prior metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy; for patients with only one site of measurable or evaluable disease, radiation must not have been given to that site unless that site has demonstrated clear progression after radiation or at least 2 months have elapsed since radiation and their remains evidence of viable tumor on biopsy, fludeoxyglucose (FDG) pet scan or MIBG scanXx_NEWLINE_xXWashout of at least 2 weeks from the most recent radiation treatment prior to C1D1Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the chest wall or mediastinum if the radiation field involves the heartXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks of first administration of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy or radiation (within 30 days prior to the procedure or the duration of the subject's enrollment);Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had anti-cancer systemic therapy within 2 weeks prior to entering the study; radiation is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXNo history of prior whole brain radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation while on study is not allowed EXCEPT to a localized region for pain controlXx_NEWLINE_xXc. Biochemical recurrence following local therapy, either surgery or radiation. Rising PSA defined as:Xx_NEWLINE_xXAfter radiation therapy (e.g., external beam radiation, brachytherapy, or salvage/adjuvant radiation therapy after surgery), two post radiation PSA measurements level of nadir plus 2.0 ng/mL at least one week apart.;Xx_NEWLINE_xXActive malignancy currently undergoing chemo or radiation therapy; hormone therapy is acceptableXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior primary treatment for head and neck cancer (e.g. chemoradiation or radiation alone).Xx_NEWLINE_xXhave stable neurologic status post administration of local therapy (surgery or radiation) for a minimum of 2 weeks following completion of the definitive therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has had radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to the first study dose.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAny site of disease that is not amenable to definitively local therapy including surgery or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAny medical co-morbidities that would preclude surgery or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXProgressive disease after temozolomide and radiation therapy (in \first relapse\)Xx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 28 days since chemotherapy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must have consulted with a radiation oncologist who is planning radiation; their radiation oncologist should have documented plans to administer a dose of at least 30 Gy in 5 or fewer fractionsXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has received radiotherapy ? 4 weeks or limited field radiation for palliation ? 2 weeks prior to starting investigational product (IP), and/or from whom ? 30% of the bone marrow was irradiated. Prior radiation therapy to a target lesion is permitted only if there has been clear progression of the lesion since radiation was completed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior liver directed radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the upper abdomen or liver at the discretion of the treating radiation oncologist could impair delivery of the prescribed radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy and surgery must be completed 4 weeks prior to therapy, except for limited field radiation therapy, which must be completed 2 weeks before therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust have stable neurologic status following local therapy (surgery or radiation) for at least 2 weeks after completion of the definitive therapy ANDXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation is integral to the primary treatment of glioma; all participants on this study must have had prior radiation to the brain; radiation must have been completed 14 days prior to first study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAny radiation within 2 weeks prior to starting treatment on protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXRecovered from prior radiation therapy or surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing adverse events from surgery or prior anti-cancer therapies, including radiation, targeted, or cytotoxic therapiesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious therapies: prior radiation therapies, immunotherapies, and investigational therapies are allowed as follows:\r\n* Radiation: prior radiation therapy is allowed with the following conditions:\r\n** Patients who have received minimal radiation therapy (=< 5% of their total marrow volume) must have completed it >= 2 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment\r\n** Patients who have received radiation therapy that constituted > 5% but < 50% of their total marrow volume must have completed it >= 4 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment\r\n** Patients who have received prior radiation to 50% or more of their total marrow volume will be excluded\r\n** Patients may be biopsied while undergoing radiation therapy as long as biopsy site is not in the radiation portal; however, they still have to wait the required amount of time from radiation to treatment even though the tumor board may have already occurred and a treatment plan assigned\r\n* Other therapies: prior investigational or targeted therapies and immunotherapies may be allowed following discussion with the principal investigator; if the principal investigator (PI) deems the prior treatment acceptable, patients must not have received these therapies for 28 days or five half-lives of the drug (whichever is lesser) prior to the initiation of study treatment and must have full recovery from any acute effects of these therapies; prior therapy with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors will not be allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy, local therapy (except for surgical re-resection), or systemic therapy following first recurrence/progressive disease. Excluded local therapies include stereotactic radiation boost, implantation of carmustine biodegradable wafers (Gliadel), intratumoral or convection-enhanced delivery administered agents, etc.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative surgery and/or radiation treatment within 30 days prior to date of randomization.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation therapy to metastatic sites of disease < 2 weeks prior to study day 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xXwithin 2 weeks prior to the first dose of KTN3379 in the case of palliative radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXCancer progression after treatment with the following: surgery, radiation therapy and temozolomide as first line treatment with no other therapy prior to tumor recurrence.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative surgery and/or radiation treatment less than 4 weeks to randomization.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has had radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to the first study doseXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the head and neck.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative radiation within 2 weeks prior to Day 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xXIf patients have received radiation therapy, there must be a one-month washout periodXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients having received radiation therapy in the month prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAny external beam radiation therapy within 6 weeks prior to the first dose of the study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived treatment with any systemic chemotherapy, experimental agent, or radiation therapy (with the exception of palliative localized radiation therapy) following completion of treatment on the ONT-10-001 studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving palliative radiation to skeletal metastases may be registered as early as 1 week after completion of radiation therapy provided toxicities are =< CTC grade I at the time of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation to primary tumor prior to enrollment in this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation treatment within 2 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has received radiation therapy within 14 days of the first dose of study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing radiation therapy and/or radiation therapy administered within 28 days of enrollment or ongoing radiotherapy-related toxicities.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation therapy to the chestXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior primary or salvage radiation or not a candidate for salvage radiation due to patient preference or clinical assessment based upon disease characteristics and/or patient co-morbiditiesXx_NEWLINE_xXMinimum of 14 days have elapsed since any prior radiation therapy, with recovery from any adverse events.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy or immunotherapy in the previous four weeks; localized radiation therapy within 1 week prior to first doseXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 4 weeks before first doseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologic proof of a malignancy suitable for radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have received prior external beam radiation therapy to the region proposed for HDR brachytherapy treatment; evaluation of doses previously delivered to spinal cord/cauda equina, pelvis, and other critical structures (bowel, kidneys, rectum) will be taken into consideration\r\n* If repeat irradiation would exceed any normal tissue constraint set by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) Radiation Oncology Department dose constraint criteria, the patient will potentially be eligible\r\n* If the total prior radiation dose to the cord or pelvis exceeds 100 Gy biological equivalent dose (BED) equivalent, the patient will be potentially eligible, where a total of 100 BED Gy equivalent is determined by the biological equivalent dose (BED) calculationXx_NEWLINE_xXTherapeutic or palliative radiation therapy within 30 days of starting treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived or will receive radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis in the week prior to study drug administration and/or during the course of the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXProgressive disease if treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery or immunotherapy. If prior radiation was given, the measurable disease should be outside the radiation port. Unequivocal progression of HCC/BTC lesions previously treated with catheter-based therapy including transarterial chemoembolization or radioembolization is allowed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have undergone radiation within the past 4 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment for MM (prior radiation therapy or dexamethasone up to 160 mg for spinal cord compression is allowed. Other limited field radiation involving ? 1/3 of the pelvic area is also allowed)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have at least ONE of the following (lesions may have received prior radiation therapy as long as they meet the other criteria listed below):Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received radiation for a minimum of two weeks prior to study enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy to any Study Lesion within 6 weeks of initial study treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior temozolomide is not required for the phase 1 component; prior radiation is required for the phase 1 arm.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the lungsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation therapy to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have prior histologically proven glioblastoma that is progressive or recurrent following radiation therapy +/- chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has received radiation therapy within 4 weeks (=< 2 weeks for palliative radiation therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone or brain metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks of first dose of study drug; systemic treatment with radionuclides within 4 weeks; subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligibleXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the liver (prior radiation therapy to the pelvis is acceptable if completed at least 4 weeks prior to registration)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients that have had prior ipsilateral chestwall/thoracic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXCertain drugs or radiation within 2-4 weeks of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXMore than four weeks must have elapsed since any prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXEvaluation by a thoracic surgeon and a radiation oncologist within 2 months of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgery for the current or another lung cancer is allowed as is prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may have had radiation therapy, but must have progressive disease after radiation therapy if the lesions to be treated are within the radiation fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived treatment with radiation therapy or investigational therapy =< 28 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived local palliative radiation therapy <14 days prior to the first dose of study medicationXx_NEWLINE_xXUnlimited prior treatment with radiation or chemoradiotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXIf GBM, greater than or equal to 12 weeks from radiotherapy, or 4 weeks if a new lesion, relative to the pre-radiation MRI, develops that is outside the primary radiation field.Xx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment of primary tumor within 4 weeks of Day 1 Week 1 with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or immunotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with any prior history of whole pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients are candidates for stereotactic radiosurgery as determined by the treating radiation oncologist; intra-cranial tumors must measure 4 cm or less in greatest dimension; patients may have received prior neurosurgical resection(s) of intra-cranial metastases if their operation(s) was (were) completed at least 28 days prior to starting study drug; patients may have had prior whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) if it was completed at least 1 month prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation or surgery is allowed, but should be finished at least 2 weeks prior to study enrollment; if a participant has prior radiation therapy, at least one measurable lesion outside of the radiation field should be available for the evaluation of response to chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not receive concomitant radiation with chemotherapy if they do not have any measurable lesions outside of the radiation fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXTherapeutic or palliative radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 28 days of the first dose of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously received radiation therapy to areas of the lung or mediastinum near target(s)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy within the last 4 weeks; prior radiation therapy to indicator lesion (unless objective disease recurrence or progression within the radiation portal has been documented since completion of radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation for NHL, except for a single course of locally delimited radiation therapy with a radiation field not exceeding 2 adjacent lymph node regionsXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have previously received hyperthermia in conjunction with either radiation therapy or chemotherapy are eligible.Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas received any external radiation therapy within 28 days prior to enrollment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be at least 4 weeks from the completion of any radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior treatment with other chemotherapeutic agents, trastuzumab, endocrine and radiation therapy is permitted;Xx_NEWLINE_xXExternal radiation therapy (XRT): Must not have received XRT within 3 months prior to study entry for craniospinal irradiation (> 24 Gy) or total body irradiation or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; >= 8 weeks for local irradiation to primary tumor; >= 2 weeks for focal irradiation for symptomatic metastatic sitesXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients that have undergone PDT, chemotherapy or radiation therapy within the past 6 months will not be considered for enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy involving chest (axilla excluded), mediastinum, or abdomen (i.e., small or large bowel) completed within 10 weeks of transplant admission; radiation therapy shortly before the start of the preparative regimen is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had previous pelvic radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy for TCCXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may be enrolled if they have had prior palliative radiation therapy; however, this has to have been commenced within 30 days of starting androgen deprivationXx_NEWLINE_xXMust have recurrent or metastatic disease that is not amenable to therapy with curative intent (surgery and/or radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy).Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas completed pre-RE angiogram up to 3 weeks prior to Y-90 therapy\r\n* Lung shunt fraction =< 20% and anatomy amenable to intra-arterial radiation delivery\r\n* Extrahepatic vessels deemed at risk for radiation injury were successfully embolizedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior selective internal radiation to the liverXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy in the month prior to enrollXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation of cholangiocarcinoma or gallbladder carcinoma; NOTE: adjuvant radiation therapy is allowed if completed > 6 months prior to the start of registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with intracranial metastases, which have been treated by surgery or radiation therapy, may be eligible for study provided there is no evidence of active disease and no requirement for anticonvulsant therapy or steroids following treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior systemic therapy, radiation therapy, or surgery within 28 days of starting study treatment; palliative radiotherapy to a limited field or palliative cryoablation is allowed after consultation with the principle Investigator, at any time during the study participation including screeningXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior dose of radiation overlapping the treatment field determined by a study Radiation Oncologist to represent unacceptable risk for additional radiation to be targeted to the fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease that is currently not amenable to surgery, radiation, or combined modality therapy with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXEligibility for treatment with SRS confirmed by a radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within prior 6 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy or immunotherapy for DLBCL; a short course (< 2 weeks) of corticosteroids is allowed for symptom controlXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy for lymphomaXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy to the chest, neck or axillaXx_NEWLINE_xXHave received surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHave completed all surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy within the last 2-60 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have initiated chemotherapy or radiation prior to registration to this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXThe child must be a newly diagnosed patient with any type of malignant disease who will be or is receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXThe use of memantine during or following radiation is NOT allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has had surgery or initiated radiation therapy (brachytherapy or external beam radiation) or initiated pre-radiation androgen deprivation therapy within the last 12 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXMean esophageal radiation dose > 45 GyXx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnosis of diffuse radiation pneumonitisXx_NEWLINE_xXCompletion of all primary therapy (with the exception of ongoing endocrine or trastuzumab therapy), including surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy greater than 4 weeks prior to study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior radiation therapy to the treatment siteXx_NEWLINE_xXMen who have undergone radiation therapy alone will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled to receive or receiving unilateral radiation treatment for this cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived previous radiation treatment for head and neck cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing only palliative (not curative) radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or combined modalitiesXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior mediastinal or mantle radiation >= 5 years prior to enrollment in the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXReceiving concurrent radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE I: Completed primary surgery, chemotherapy, and radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPHASE II: Completed primary surgery, chemotherapy, and radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is initiating radiation therapy (XRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC)Xx_NEWLINE_xXthose for whom their treating physician would not prescribe radiation or additional radiation treatmentsXx_NEWLINE_xXpatients who refuse additional radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be clinically stable and off treatment (e.g. radiation or chemotherapy) for >= 6 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXAre receiving concurrent radiation therapy (RT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation in the operated breastXx_NEWLINE_xXCompletion of appropriate prior treatment with local therapy (i.e., prostatectomy, radiation therapy or equivalent), per National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelinesXx_NEWLINE_xXRelapsed/refractory disease within a prior radiation fieldXx_NEWLINE_xXPalliative surgery and/or radiation treatment within 30 days prior to date of screening visit.Xx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants may have received prior radiation therapy in either the metastatic or early-stage setting; radiation therapy must be completed at least =< 14 days prior to initiation of study therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy as cancer therapy within 4 weeks, or palliative radiation to bony metastases within 2 weeks, prior to starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation is permitted, provided it does not limit the ability to deliver per-protocol radiation in the opinion of the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXConnective tissue disorders, e.g. scleroderma, that in the opinion of the treating physicians is a contraindication to radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXAfter prior curative intent treatment for HNC have estimated risk of recurrence >= 40-50% and fall into one of the below categories (A, OR B, OR C, OR D, OR E, OR F); while exact estimation of the risk of recurrence can be difficult the following categories will be included reflecting patients at substantial risk for tumor recurrence or already with early evidence of recurrence:\r\n* A: Any of the below HNC patients are eligible for treatment on this protocol AFTER completion of curative intent therapy:\r\n** HPV(-) HNC: N2C, N3, bulky N2B disease (>= 5 cm LN/tumor conglomerate)\r\n** HPV(+) HNC: N2C, N3, AND >= 10 pack years of tobacco use\r\n** HPV(+) HNC with multilevel nodal involvement, AND bulky N2B disease (>= 5 cm LN/tumor conglomerate), AND >= 10 pack years of tobacco use\r\n** EBV(+) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) may be eligible if other criteria under A, or alternative criteria B, or C, or D, or E are met\r\n** HNC with supraclavicular or mediastinal nodal involvement (either HPV+/- or EBV+/-) at the time of curative intent treatment and were treated as part of curative intent therapy (e.g. inclusion in the radiation field)\r\n** Residual mass in area of prior tumor that on biopsy does not show residual tumor, is equivocal/not highly-suspicious on imaging (e.g. positron emission tomography/ computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging [PET/CT/MRI]), but remains of concern, requires close follow-up AND is not resected/amenable to resection OR immediate palliative treatment\r\n** Non-responders to induction chemotherapy (progressive disease [PD] on induction, or lack of tumor shrinkage (< 15% per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST])\r\n** Interrupted treatment course or lower than intended radiation dose – i.e. interruption of radiation by >= 3 weeks (cumulative), or delivery of =< 50 Gy as part of a radiation based treatment (that was NOT a de-escalation approach)\r\n* B: Patient treated with salvage treatment (i.e. salvage surgery or re-irradiation) for residual or recurrent tumor after prior radiation based therapy (either HPV+ or HPV- or EBV+) AND not a candidate for additional curative intent therapy (for various reasons including poor performance status, comorbidities, refusal of patient, prior radiation or re-irradiation, etc); positive margins or residual tumor may still be acceptable); patients should also not be appropriate for systemic palliative therapy (e.g. in the case of overt disease)\r\n* C: Mx or indeterminate distant lesions that are not appropriate for either local radiation/stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment and also not appropriate for initiation of palliative system therapy (e.g. in the setting of overt metastatic disease); such lesions should be negative/equivocal by PET imaging and if amenable negative by biopsy, but remain of concern and require close follow-up\r\n* D: Oligometastatic disease treated with SBRT or other curative-intent therapy (e.g. surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), etc) for oligometastatic disease\r\n* E: Microscopic or very low volume residual tumor after surgery or radiation based treatment (including salvage treatment or SBRT for oligometastatic disease), AND not a candidate for either additional curative intent therapy (for various reasons including feasibility, poor performance status, comorbidities, refusal of patient, prior radiation or re-irradiation, etc) AND also not a candidate for systemic palliative therapy (for various reasons including microscopic/non-[RECIST] measurable low volume disease); very low volume disease is defined as non-RECIST measurable)\r\n* F: Patients with multiple recurrences or multiple primaries: specifically patients who had malignant or pre-malignant tumors/changes (with severe dysplasia present), who have undergone surgery >= 2 times, and currently do not have an indication for additional (adjuvant) treatment such as radiation, or surgery, or other treatment; this may include multiple recurrences/incidences of early stage tumors or premalignant lesions, however at least one lesion needs to show squamous cell carcinoma on pathology\r\n* There may be additional scenarios for patients that are considered very high risk for disease recurrence and not appropriate for either curative or standard of care palliative therapy; such patients can be considered for enrollment after discussion and approval by the principal investigator (PI) and/or co-PIXx_NEWLINE_xXHave had cancer treatment that included a surgical procedure, radiation therapy (RT), and/or chemotherapy (CTX)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has received radiation within the past 6 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXInitiating focal cranial radiation therapy (photon or proton)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior cranial radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled to receive preoperative therapy (chemotherapy, radiation or chemoradiation) either on or off-protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXWith prostatic cancer at least 2 months after the end of their radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo history of radiation therapy to the tumor and/or surgical area prior to the current treatment being studiedXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation therapy to the tumor and/or surgical area prior to the current treatment being studiedXx_NEWLINE_xXPlan for post operative radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had more than 2 weeks of chemotherapy or radiation for this diagnosis of lung cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received previous treatment with ionizing radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation plan consisting of regional nodal radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXHave completed primary treatments (including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy) 1-5 years prior to recruitmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who require immobilization with a thermoplastic mask for radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has no history of prior neck surgery or external radiation to neck for malignant conditionsXx_NEWLINE_xXDefinitive radiation treatment with or without concurrent chemotherapy with curative intent; treatment prior to radiation therapy is acceptable (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted local definitive treatment (i.e., surgical treatment, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent breast related radiation therapy is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have had radiation to one or both breasts in the pastXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving radiation therapy with chemo?sensitizationXx_NEWLINE_xXChemotherapy or radiation therapy within the last 60 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXHave completed all cancer treatment (including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation) at least 4 months prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with primary radiation (brachytherapy or external beam therapy), radiation + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or salvage prostatectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXYBCS: Completed treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy (if applicable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who did not enroll during their chemotherapy are still eligible to enroll during subsequent hormonal therapy or radiation as long as it within 6 months of diagnosisXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation treatment to pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXGynecologic cancer treatment (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy) was completed within 5 years prior to date of enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXBRAIN CANCER: Status post concurrent radiation therapy and daily temozolomideXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with head and neck cancer who plan to undergo radiation therapy to the head and neck regionXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients anticipated to receive radiation therapy with protonsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy to the ipsilateral breastXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of previous abdominal or pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy naiveXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects diagnosed with head and neck tumors (any histology) receiving ongoing chemoradiation or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXDiagnosis of breast cancer, received chemotherapy, and scheduled to receive 4 to 6 weeks of radiation therapy (radiation protocol of 40 Gy+)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation therapy to the area to be treated with radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXReceiving palliative radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation protocol of 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT)/intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)/image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT)/stereotactic/proton/electron/accelerated fractionation/hyperfractionation/hypofractionationXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease-based radiation therapy (not total body irradiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHave completed treatment with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other cancer-related treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have CD4 =< 300 cells/mm^3 in the last week (7 days) of standard radiation + temozolomide treatment (58-60 Gy radiation with temozolomide 75 mg/m2 daily during radiation)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the index spineXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy at any time during the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have achieved a complete response to induction chemotherapy (+/- thoracic radiation therapy) assessed according to local habits (at least on a chest x-ray) at the time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXInterval from radiation therapy at least 4 weeks and no more than 1 yearXx_NEWLINE_xXNeurologic deterioration (long tract signs, cranial nerve signs or ataxia) consistent with radiation necrosis or radiation induced injuryXx_NEWLINE_xXMR imaging (MRI) with findings considered consistent with radiation induced injury or radiation necrosis as confirmed by the study radiologistXx_NEWLINE_xXConcurrent radiation therapy or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior external beam radiation therapy to the brain or whole brain radiation therapy\r\n* Prior single-fraction or fractionated radiosurgery is permittedXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXHaving received chemotherapy with or without radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (RT) completed >= 6 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXCurrent chemotherapy or radiation therapy; participants in study may still be receiving hormone or Herceptin treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled to receive concurrent administration of fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (fluorouracil [5-FU] or capecitabine) during radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing treatment for ovarian or other cancer (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, etc.)Xx_NEWLINE_xXIs not receiving concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy at time of enrollment AND, if randomized, is not anticipated that the participant will need to receive concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy at any time during the aim 1 interventionXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with a diagnosis of head and neck cancer biopsy proven, and who are candidates for radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients scheduled for radiation less than 6 days from enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived >= 2000 centigray (cGy) radiation to the heart/chestXx_NEWLINE_xX>= Ten years post-radiation therapy following an accumulated dose of >= 2000 cGY to the heart/chestXx_NEWLINE_xXMust be referred to radiation oncology clinicXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted active treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery) 6 months-5 years\r\nago (current use of endocrine therapy is acceptable)Xx_NEWLINE_xXThe following patient-related situations are allowed: prior surgery, concurrent treatment, homecare, residing in assisted living or a skilled nursing facility, and hospitalization during radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXMen recently treated (within 3 months) with radical prostatectomy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xX2 months – 10 years status post surgery, radiation and chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior head and neck radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior ipsilateral lung interventions including:\r\n* Chest tube placement\r\n* Surgery\r\n* Pleurodesis\r\n* Radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXAre currently being treated or have decided on their treatment process (radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted either radical prostatectomy (Group 1 or Group 3) or radiation therapy (external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy; Group 2 or Group 3) within the past 12 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy) within the past 12 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXWithin one year completion of either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients suffering from dysphonia after radiation therapy for glottic carcinoma will be included in the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients fewer than 1 year out from completion of radiation therapy will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with lung or esophageal cancer stages I through IIIB who are going to receive at least 5 weeks of daily thoracic radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in the department of radiation oncology at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) and have an eligible and consenting family caregiver living with the patient while he/she receives treatment (i.e., adult child, sibling, parent)Xx_NEWLINE_xXCurrently undergoing chemotherapy treatment or within 12 weeks of end of chemotherapy (all participants must have had chemotherapy treatment)\r\n* Any radiation received must also be completed prior to randomization (if radiation treatment follows adjuvant chemotherapy, then the patient must be recruited within 12 weeks of end of radiation)\r\n* Maintenance hormonal therapy in women with breast cancer is allowed; see exclusion criteria regarding hormonal therapy in males with prostate cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior/concurrent radiation allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy or radiation therapy of any kind for treatment of pancreas adenocarcinomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy is allowed provided that no radiation therapy was administered to the urinary bladder.Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy within 2 weeks of the first administration of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with radiation within 6 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXAt the time of day 1 of the study, patients must have completed chemotherapy, targeted therapy, investigational therapy, other immunotherapy, radiation therapy or major surgery (requiring general anesthesia) at least 28 days before administration of the first dose of nivolumab; patients undergoing minor surgical procedures and biopsies that do not require general anesthesia may begin receiving study therapy if sufficiently recovered as determined by the treating investigator; patients may have received prior focal radiotherapy for palliation of an isolated site of disease, which must be completed at least 14 days prior to day 1 of the study; palliative (limited-field) radiation therapy is permitted during treatment with study drug(s), if all of the following criteria are met: \r\n* The lesion being considered for palliative radiation is not a target lesion\r\n* Radiation treatment is administered 12 weeks or greater after their first dose of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXHave had palliative radiation or biological cancer therapy within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy above the umbilicusXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is not eligible if radiation was given to the only site of measurable disease unless there has been subsequent disease progression at that site, or a biopsy of that site showed viable tumor at least 4 weeks after radiation was completed. Patients must not have received small field (focal) radiation for a minimum of 2 weeks prior to study entry. A minimum of 6 weeks is required following prior large field radiation therapy (i.e. TBI, craniospinal therapy, whole abdomen, total lung, > 50% marrow space)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation induced oophorectomy with last menses >1 year agoXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation (except planned or ongoing palliative radiation to bone outside of the region of measurable disease) =< 3 weeks prior to study drug administration dateXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient has received external beam radiation therapy to the CNS within 21 days of the first dose of the study drugXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation therapy to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXPlan to receive radiation therapy, or within 3 days of starting radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the ipsilateral breast/nodes or thoraxXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients cannot have previously received pelvic external beam radiation or brachytherapy; patients may be enrolled while undergoing vaginal brachytherapy radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received prior pelvic external beam radiation or brachytherapy will be excludedXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 4 weeks of the start of everolimus (Note: there is no wash-out period for endocrine therapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXNeoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior abdominal or pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXFor the esophagitis arm, any patient with thoracic malignancies, which will receive radiation alone or concurrent chemo/radiation; radiation dose must be >= 45 Gy; for the esophagitis arm, induction chemotherapy is allowedXx_NEWLINE_xXHave received radiation therapy or chemotherapy for any condition other than primary HNCXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing chemotherapy or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled to begin chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy within the next 2 months (excluding surgery only patients)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have had previous radiation therapy to the mediastinum or lungsXx_NEWLINE_xXReceiving chemotherapy, biotherapy, or radiation therapy for cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients who are receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are eligible for study if they have completed > 1 week of radiation therapy, and if they have been approved to go on study by their primary oncologist; the principal investigator (PI)/designated research staff of this study will obtain and document approval from the primary oncologist and principal investigator of the clinical trial in case the patient is on another clinical trial as referenced in the patient's study documentsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not be planning to receive concurrent external beam radiation therapy, including prophylactic cranial radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXAll patients who are receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are eligible for study if they have completed at least one cycle of chemotherapy or targeted therapy, or > 1 week of radiation therapy, and if they have been approved to go on study by their primary oncologist; the principal investigator (PI)/designated research staff of this study will obtain and document approval from the primary oncologist and principal investigator of the clinical trial in case the patient is on another clinical trial as referenced in the patient's study documentsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior head and neck radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXMedical treatment plan includes whole-brain radiation therapy and/or stereotactic radiosurgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergoing definitive treatment with either radiation alone or in combination with systemic therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior history of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXIndividuals with previous radiation treatments to the breast or axilla areasXx_NEWLINE_xXProstatectomy with or without radiation for the pilot study patients onlyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior surgery or radiation therapy to the region of interestXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient should be at least 4 weeks removed from surgery or radiation in affected armXx_NEWLINE_xXHas had prior radiation to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXHas oral mucositis (of any severity) prior to initiation of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXTelangiectasias in the radiation field of the treated breastXx_NEWLINE_xXBreast/s reconstructed with implant in the area of previous radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are scheduled to undergo radiation or chemoradiation treatment for head/neck cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation to the chest or breastXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients getting radiation therapy are allowed at the discretion of the treating physicianXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious or concurrent radiation therapy to head, neck, and chest (i.e. application sites only)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the ipsilateral chest wall or thoraxXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with palliative or pre-operative radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy of the index tumor <3 weeks prior to screeningXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have previously undergone radiation treatment to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious or concurrent radiation treatment to the head and neck regionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXWere treated with ? 10 Gy of chest radiation therapy (RT) (recent revision with a lower dose threshold)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation to both breastsXx_NEWLINE_xXWomen who have had radiation to both breastsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have a history of stage 0, I, II or III colon or rectal adenocarcinoma that has been treated per standard care with resection alone or in combination with radiation or chemotherapy; adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) treatment must have been completed at least 30 days prior to registrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not be expecting to receive radiation or additional chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation to both breastsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior AML therapy, with the exception of intrathecal chemotherapy or emergent radiation for myeloid sarcoma.Xx_NEWLINE_xXBetween 12 and 60 months after completion of cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation, hematopoietic cell transplant [HCT])Xx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted or receiving appropriate radiation therapy if indicated: For patients undergoing total mastectomy surgery as a first intervention, post-mastectomy radiation to the chest wall, infraclavicular and supraclavicular areas is required for patients with ? 4 positive lymph nodes. Radiation to the internal mammary lymph nodes is not required per protocol but is allowed at the discretion of the patient's treating radiation oncologist. For patients with 1-3 positive lymph nodes, post-mastectomy radiation to the chest wall, infraclavicular, supraclavicular, and internal mammary areas is not required per protocol but is allowed at the discretion of the patient's treating radiation oncologist.Xx_NEWLINE_xXWomen who have had radiation to both breastsXx_NEWLINE_xXCOHORT A2: Diagnosis of breast cancer having completed any cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation or surgery at least 3 months prior to study entry; may continue to take endocrine therapy and/or maintenance trastuzumabXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 2 weeks since prior chemotherapy, radiation treatment and/or surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient did not undergo either placement of a preoperative biliary stent/drain or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXProphylactic medication for the prevention of nausea and vomiting 24 hours prior to the start of radiation therapy through the full course of radiation therapy is prohibited, with the exception of the study drug; corticosteroids will be allowed for treatment of cerebral swellingXx_NEWLINE_xXAt least 3 months after completion of any cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation or surgery; may continue to take endocrine therapy and/or maintenance trastuzumabXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived any chemotherapy (unless anti-hormonal therapy) and/or radiation three months or less prior to the proposed intervention dateXx_NEWLINE_xXCompletion of chemotherapy or trastuzumab for > six months and of radiation therapy for >= 2 months, as applicable and 2 years or less from completion of standard therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other cancer-related treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior receipt of ipsilateral breast or chest wall radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic radiation for any reasonXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of pelvic or rectal radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXOngoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other cancer-related treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients whose clinical treatment plans include a continuous course of external beam radiotherapy by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and/or image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), given as a cumulative dose of 5000 – 7000 centigray (cGy) in single daily fractions of 180 - 200 cGy, combined with a concurrent course of weekly or tri-weekly cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have a contraindication to radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects with previous pelvic or abdominal radiation therapy;Xx_NEWLINE_xXCurrently being treated or scheduled to have radiation treatment for bladder cancer during the studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have histologically proven glioblastoma or gliosarcoma which is progressive or recurrent following radiation therapy +/- chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXReceived prior radical prostatectomy (with or without post-operative radiation) or definitive local radiation for prostate cancer (either external beam radiation, brachytherapy, or combination)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMinimum 3-week interval from last chemotherapy administration and last breast surgery to radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXMaximum 8-week interval from last chemotherapy administration or last breast surgery (whichever is more recent) to radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the breast or ipsilateral regional nodes not allowed (a history of radiation therapy to other sites is permissible)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has had previous radiation exposure of the involved breastXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has contraindications for radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject considered by the Investigator to be high-risk for breast conservation surgery and/or intra-operative radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with previous head and neck (H&N) radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXMust have received external beam radiation with curative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of xerostomia, Sjogren’s disease or other illness known to affect salivation prior to head/neck radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation within 14 days of starting study treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXCompletion of first-line radiation at least 6 months prior to study entry.Xx_NEWLINE_xXNot received radiation to the lung fields within the past 8 weeks.Xx_NEWLINE_xXFocal radiation ? 4 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXWhole-brain radiation ? 6 weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation within 6 weeks of leukapheresis.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the contralateral (unaffected) breastXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have had prior radiation to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chemotherapy or thoracic radiation within the past 5 yearsXx_NEWLINE_xXClinical treatment plan calls for a minimum of 50 Gy cumulative radiation dose administered via continuous course of external beam irradiation to the oral cavity and/or oropharynx via intensity-modulated radiation therapy [IMRT] and/or image-guided radiation therapy [IGRT], combined with conventional or weekly/tri-weekly cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy regimen.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has received prior radiation to the head and neck region (+/- chemotherapy).Xx_NEWLINE_xXHas received or will receive total body irradiation of radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis in the week prior to Treatment Day 1 and/or during the diary reporting period (120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapy to the head and neck area, and no chemotherapy within the last year except for induction chemotherapy delivered (or to be delivered) prior to the current course of radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of cranial radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation to the craniumXx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXprior radiation to the sites to be treatedXx_NEWLINE_xXWithin two weeks of starting or one week from having started, radiation therapy +/- chemotherapy for head and neck cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with any history of prior radiation therapy in the affected breastXx_NEWLINE_xXIf prior treatment with radiation or ablative therapy, evidence of recurrence outside the confines of prior treated site(s) is needed.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with biopsy proven (completed and/or reviewed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering [MSK]) adenocarcinoma of the prostate, who will undergo external beam radiotherapy using conventional fractionation image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) including moderate hypofractionated radiation, low rate brachytherapy alone, low dose brachytherapy combined with supplemental image guided radiation (including IGRT, external beam radiation therapy [EBRT], and stereotactic body radiation therapy [SBRT]), SBRT, or proton radiotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXCOHORT I: Initially treated with definitive local therapy (surgery and radiation therapy are the most common treatments, but other treatments are also eligible)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with no prior radiation therapy to the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received any prior pelvic radiation therapy in the area of the tumor that precludes the delivery of a curative dose of pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXIndividuals can have a prior history of cancer; these individuals must be in stable remission and at least 6 months out from the completion of surgery/radiation therapy/chemotherapy; individual cases can be reviewed with the institutional principal investigatorXx_NEWLINE_xXIndividuals can have a prior history of cancer; these individuals must be in stable remission and at least 6 months out from the completion of surgery/ radiation therapy/ chemotherapy; individual cases can be reviewed with the institutional principal investigatorXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient receiving palliative radiation therapy (defined as less than 45 Gy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants with prior history of ipsilateral breast carcinoma treated with BCS and radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXThere are no limits on prior therapy; patients are allowed to have prior systemic therapy, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation, catheter-based therapies, and surgery; patients are allowed to have concurrent chemotherapy with radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXParticipants must be evaluated by radiation oncology and deemed to be a candidate for stereotactic body radiation therapy for NSCLCXx_NEWLINE_xXRecurrent tumors: patients with recurrent grade IV gliomas who have failed cranial radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic external beam radiation therapy (RT).Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are offered radiotherapy using a 5-fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy course, at the recommendation of the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXComplete response by PET achieved with pre-radiation therapy treatment (surgery or chemotherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPlanning to undergo proton beam radiation therapy as part of the clinical management of the diagnosed cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXSUB-STUDY I: Prior pelvic external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSUB-STUDY II: Prior pelvic external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo recent treatment for thyroid cancer as defined as:\r\n* No prior 131I therapy is allowed < 6 months prior to initiation of therapy on this protocol; a diagnostic study using =< 400 MBq of 131I is not considered 131I therapy\r\n* No external beam radiation therapy < 4 weeks prior to initiation of therapy on this protocol; (previous treatment with radiation for any indication is allowed if the investigator judges that the previous radiation does not significantly compromise patient safety on this protocol)\r\n* No chemotherapy or targeted therapy (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitor) is allowed < 4 weeks prior to inclusion on this protocolXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior abdominal radiation therapy with fields overlapping the current fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation to the breast or axillaXx_NEWLINE_xXContraindicated for radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior history of chest wall radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior whole brain radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy treatment in the target lobeXx_NEWLINE_xXNeoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to prostatectomyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious systemic or radiation treatment for cancer of any type within 1 yearXx_NEWLINE_xXHistologic proof of malignancy suitable for thoracic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient is planning to undergo radiation therapy for primary or recurrent carcinomas of the lung or oligo-metastatic carcinoma of the lungXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received any prior therapy for prostate cancer with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients should not have received chemotherapy or radiation therapy (localized radiation therapy is allowed to non-evaluable sites) between prior 123I-MIBG scan and 18F-MFBG administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXStudy participants must have histologically confirmed primary malignant bone tumor in the sacrum for which surgery and radiation or radiation alone are plannedXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation therapy to the brainXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must not have received prior chemotherapy or radiation for >= 2 weeks before study enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPregnancy if the patient is receiving radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHave undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy within the previous one monthXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior pelvic surgery or radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious treatment with radiation or surgery to a significant percentage of bony metastatic sitesXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior local therapy (prostatectomy, radiation, cryotherapy) or hormonal therapy for prostate cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiotherapy is planned as definitive therapy for prostate cancer; for patients not treated at NCI Radiation Oncology Branch (ROB) patients must have a radiation oncologist who is willing to collaborate with the ROB and provide documentation of treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation treatment of the pelvisXx_NEWLINE_xXCompleted fractionated radiation therapy (to 60 Gy for high grade gliomas) or stereotactic radiosurgery or hypofractionated radiation therapy (e.g. for brain metastases, anaplastic meningiomas), without or with concurrent chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior surgery or radiation to the head, neck, upper limb, or trunkXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to a symptomatic site of metastatic disease is allowed but patients must have discontinued/completed radiation therapy at least 2 weeks prior to entering the study, and have recovered from adverse events due to that treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXMay undergo radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients expected to be treated with radiation therapy, chemo-radiation therapy, or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who have received more than one previous therapy regimen (radiation or chemotherapy) are not eligible for this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXWill undergo surgery or chemo-radiation treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXThe subject has had preoperative radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXTreatment with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) within 3 months prior to screening.Xx_NEWLINE_xXComplete response by PET achieved with pre-radiation therapy treatment (surgery or chemotherapy)Xx_NEWLINE_xXMust be in acceptable health to undergo radiation therapy and curative intent surgery as assessed by UNC surgeons and radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXMust receive their neoadjuvant radiation therapy and curative intent surgery at UNC Hospitals – Chapel Hill locationXx_NEWLINE_xXMedical conditions precluding radiation therapy or curative intent surgeryXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious radiation exposure precluding radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior abdominopelvic radiation or radiation for rectal cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation to the same areaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior chest radiation or radiation for esophageal cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects who have been treated with radiation therapy on the chestXx_NEWLINE_xXUntreated low grade gliomas will be imaging-defined gliomas that have not yet been exposed to radiation or systemic chemotherapy; those exposed to therapy will have had radiation and/or systemic chemotherapy more than 1 month prior to scansXx_NEWLINE_xXHave undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy within the previous one monthXx_NEWLINE_xXAt the time of enrollment, patients may not have received any biological, chemotherapy, or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXLess than 1 year since cryotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, or HiFU, or 2 years since brachytherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSalvage radical prostatectomy, i.e., patients having surgery due to failure of previous therapy (radiation, brachytherapy, cryotherapy, etc.)Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must be clinically eligible for and elect to be treated with GK alone without whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT)Xx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of prior pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious systemic or radiation treatment for another cancer of any type within the last 2 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients undergoing a planning CT scan in the Department of Radiation Oncology with tumor motion assessment - planning 4-dimensional (4D)-CT ordered by the treating radiation oncologistXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the target lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of radiation therapy that would lead to overlap with new radiation fieldsXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior therapies including involved field radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before randomization. Systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before randomization. Subjects with complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligible and AEs must return to baseline or ? Grade 1.Xx_NEWLINE_xX3 weeks since last chemotherapy or therapeutic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy (except palliative to relieve bone pain) within 7 days of study entry; palliative radiation (=< 10 fractions) must have been completed at least 48 hours prior to study entry; stereotactic or small field brain irradiation must have been completed at least 7 days prior to study entry; whole brain radiation must have been completed at least 2 weeks prior to study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must be deemed to be eligible candidates for either surgery or stereotactic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrevious treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery) to both breasts, including hormone therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo preoperative treatment for endometrial cancer including radiation or chemotherapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients must have no previous radiation to the abdomenXx_NEWLINE_xXMust not have received prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy for this diagnosisXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior receipt of any therapy, including local excision, radiation or chemotherapy, for the diagnosed rectal adenocarcinomaXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior history of pelvic radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXARM II ONLY: For patients status post radiation therapy for prostate cancer, any PSA increase from post radiation therapy nadir ORXx_NEWLINE_xXThere are no limits on prior therapy; patients are allowed to have prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery; patients are allowed to have concurrent chemotherapy with radiation treatment; patients are allowed to have chemotherapy after radiation treatment; patients are not allowed to have planned lung resection after radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients will typically be enrolled on this trial prior to beginning the radiation treatment course; however, if a patient has had a SPECT/CT 99mTc-MAA and 99mTc-DTPA scan as part of routine medical care within 6 weeks prior to initiation of radiation treatment, he/she is eligible for trial enrollment up to the last day of the radiation treatment courseXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who received radiation to the chest within the past 6 monthsXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients may not have received prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for lung cancerXx_NEWLINE_xXSubject has had preoperative radiation therapy to the affected breast or axilla.Xx_NEWLINE_xXScheduled to receive radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with lung cancer visible on CT who are scheduled to receive external beam radiation treatment will be eligible for this studyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatient must not have a history of radiation to the neckXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation treatment to bone less than 4 weeks from the first PET scanXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior definitive radiation therapy must have been completed at least 3 weeks before study drug administrationXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior systemic treatment or radiation therapy is allowed for patients with resectable liver metastases\r\n* The last dose of chemotherapy or radiation must have been administered at least 4 weeks prior to liver surgery\r\n* The last dose of bevacizumab must have been administered at least 6 weeks prior to liver resectionXx_NEWLINE_xXHistory of radiation therapy for cancer treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXChemotherapy/radiation within the past yearXx_NEWLINE_xXThe patients must have no prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy as treatmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior use of androgen deprivation therapy or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXTherapeutic radiation therapy or major surgery within 4 weeks before study drug treatment or palliative radiation therapy within 2 weeks before study drug treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with history of prior radiation therapy or radioactive iodine to the head and neckXx_NEWLINE_xXPrior radiation therapy to the target lesionXx_NEWLINE_xXchemotherapy or radiation therapy within three weeksXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients treated with radiation for palliative intentXx_NEWLINE_xXUndergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the past 18 months prior to enrollmentXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who will be treated with radiation therapy or concurrent chemoradiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation oncology patients undergoing 6-7 weeks of definitive radiation therapy for stage III-IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation oncology patients undergoing shorter courses of radiation or undergoing palliative courses of radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXTumor previously treated with radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXSalvage radical prostatectomy, i.e., patients having surgery due to failure of previous therapy (radiation, brachytherapy, cryotherapy, etc.)Xx_NEWLINE_xXRadiation therapy: may not have had radiation therapy to area of tumor planned to be resected w/in 28 daysXx_NEWLINE_xXDisease that is not amenable to surgery, radiation, or combined modality therapy with curative intent.Xx_NEWLINE_xXAML secondary to MDS, chemotherapy, or radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients who are to receive 30 Gy or more of external beam radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPrior major surgical procedure or radiation treatment within 2 weeks of initiation of study treatment (not including limited radiation used for palliation of bone pain)Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects may have previously received pre-operative radiation therapy.Xx_NEWLINE_xXSubjects ADT naive or subjects who are already on ADT treatment and scheduled to receive radiation therapy for their adenocarcinoma of prostate are eligible. An 8-week course of ADT is required to be completed prior to NBTXR3 administration and initiation of radiation therapy .Xx_NEWLINE_xXExpected to require other cancer therapy while on study with the exception of local palliative radiation treatment.Xx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with prior ipsilateral thoracic or breast radiationXx_NEWLINE_xXPatients with treated brain metastases are eligible if they are > 4 weeks from therapy completion (including radiation and/or surgery), are clinically stable at the time of study entry and are not receiving corticosteroid therapy at the time of study entryXx_NEWLINE_xXHas received prior pelvic radiation therapyXx_NEWLINE_xXNo prior curative attempts for this cancer, (i.e., surgery, radiation and/or other)Xx_NEWLINE_xX