Patients with a body surface area (BSA) =< 0.4 m^2 are excluded Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) >= 0.55 m^2 Body surface area (BSA) >= 1.04 m^2 PHASE II: >= 2 and =< 18 years; body surface area (BSA) >= 0.55 m^2, and able to swallow whole capsules Patients age 16-17 years are eligible only if they have a body surface area (BSA) >= 1.7 m^2 or weigh >= 60 kg Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.35 m^2 at the time of study enrollment Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.35 m^2 at the time of study enrollment if enrolling on dose levels 1-5; patients must have a body surface area >= 0.46 m^2 at the time of study enrollment if enrolling on dose level 0 Body surface area (BSA):* Patients enrolled on dose level 1 (50 mg/m^2) must have BSA >= 1.20 m^2* Patients enrolled on dose level 2 (75 mg/m^2) must have BSA >= 0.93 m^2* Patients enrolled on dose level 3 (95 mg/m^2) must have BSA >= 0.70 m^2 Body surface area (for Parts A, B and C): * Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of >= 0.42 m^2 at the time of study enrollment Patients with a body surface area < 0.5 m^2 are not eligible Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) >= 0.84 m^2 RECURRENT/ PROGRESSIVE DIPG (STRATUM 1): Body surface area (BSA) * Patients must have a BSA >= 0.80 m^2 for dose 5 mg/m^2* Patients must have a BSA >= 0.65 m^2 for doses of 10 mg/m^2 - 22 mg/m^2 * Patients must have a BSA >= 0.50 m^2 for doses of 28 mg/m^2 - 36 mg/m^2 Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of >= 1.17 m^2 at time of study enrollment Body surface area (BSA) >= 0.55 m^2 Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.35 m^2 Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of >= 0.2 m^2 at the time of study enrollment Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.65 m^2 at enrollment Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.5 m^2 at enrollment Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.37 m^2 at enrollment while the 120 mg strength tablet supply is available; patients < 0.73 m^2 must follow the dosing nomogram; patients >= 0.73 m^2 at enrollment must follow the dosing nomogram Patients enrolled after the drug supply of the 120 mg strength has been exhausted must have a body surface area >= 0.73 m^2 at enrollment and follow the dosing nomogram Patients accruing to dose level 1 must have a body surface area >= 0.52 m^2 at the time of study enrollment; patients accruing to dose level 2 must have a body surface area >= 0.37 m^2 at the time of study enrollment; patients accruing to dose level -1 must have a body surface area >= 0.75 m^2 at the time of study enrollment Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.5 m^2 at enrollment