Prior radiation therapy is allowed; patients must not have received minimal radiation therapy (=< 5% of their total marrow volume) within 3 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; otherwise, patients must not have received radiation therapy (> 5% of their total marrow volume) within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; patients who have received prior radiation to 50% or more of their total marrow volume will be excluded
Must have received external beam radiation with curative intent
No prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for HGG or DIPG is permitted; prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for treatment of other malignancies is permitted
Patients must not have received prior chest radiation therapy for NSCLC
Prior radiation therapy is allowed; patients must not have received any radiation within 3 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; patients may not have areas of irradiated marrow exceeding 40% of bone marrow volume
Received treatment with radiation therapy or investigational therapy =< 28 days prior to registration
Any prior pelvic radiation
Concurrent radiation therapy or chemotherapy
Prior radiation therapy (RT) (any site) with concurrent lapatinib defined as 1 or more days on which the patient received both radiation therapy and lapatinib on the same day
Patients must have completed either breast-conserving surgery or total mastectomy, with negative margins and appropriate axillary staging; a negative margin is defined as no evidence of tumor or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at the line of resection; additional operative procedures may be performed to obtain clear margins* Patients who had breast-conserving surgery must have completed whole breast radiation; use of regional nodal basin radiation will be at the discretion of the investigator according to institutional guidelines* Patients with >= 4 positive lymph nodes must have completed breast/chest wall and nodal basin radiation therapy according to standard of care guidelines before randomization; omission of radiation therapy is not allowed in this high-risk population of patients* Patients must be registered at least 21 days after completion of radiation therapy and must have recovered (=< grade 1) from any of the effects of radiation
Radiation: * Patients must not have received radiation (small port) for a minimum of two weeks prior to protocol therapy* Except for patients with a history of progressive disease, patients whose only site(s) of disease have been radiated are eligible if at least one lesion meets at least one of the criteria listed in sites of disease above* A minimum of 12 weeks prior to start of protocol therapy is required following large field radiation therapy (i.e. total body irradiation, craniospinal, whole abdominal, total lung, > 50% marrow space)* A minimum of 6 weeks must have elapsed prior to start of protocol therapy for other substantial bone marrow radiation
STEP I: Patients must have received no more than one cycle (4 weeks or less) of prior chemotherapy and no more than 160 mg of prior dexamethasone (or equivalent dose of prednisone) for treatment of symptomatic myeloma; they should not have been exposed to lenalidomide, bortezomib or carfilzomib for treatment of symptomatic myeloma; prior radiation therapy to symptomatic lesions is allowed provided there are no residual toxicity related to radiation and blood counts that meet the study requirements
Patients must not have initiated chemotherapy or radiation prior to registration to this study
The subject has received radiation therapy within 4 weeks (=< 2 weeks for palliative radiation therapy)
No interim time prior to study entry is required following prior radiation therapy (RT) for non-target lesions; however, patients must not have received radiation for a minimum of 4 weeks prior to study entry at the site of any lesion that will be identified as a target lesion to measure tumor response; lesions that have been previously radiated cannot be used as target lesions unless there is radiographic evidence of progression at the site following radiation or a biopsy done following radiation shows viable neuroblastoma; palliative radiation is allowed to sites that will not be used to measure response during this study
Prior breast or thoracic radiation therapy (RT) for any condition
No neoadjuvant radiation therapy
Patients may have received prior radiation therapy; all adverse events associated with prior radiation therapy must have resolved to =< grade 1 prior to registration
Patients must not have received any prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy or bone marrow transplant for the treatment of DIPG; prior dexamethasone and/or surgery are allowed
Patient must have a histologically verified diagnosis of craniopharyngioma* Stratum 1: patients with progressive unresectable or recurrent craniopharyngiomas treated with surgery alone, who have not received radiation therapy; patients with unresectable craniopharyngiomas, (i.e. residual measurable disease following surgical resection) will be enrolled at the time of progression* Stratum 2: patients with progressive or recurrent craniopharyngiomas following radiation therapy; the patient must be at least 6 months post irradiation to be eligible
Stratum 1: patients must not have received radiation therapy
Patients may have received prior radiation therapy for treatment of endometrial carcinoma; prior radiation therapy may have included pelvic radiation therapy, extended field pelvic/para-aortic radiation therapy, and/or intravaginal brachytherapy; all radiation therapy must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to the first date of study therapy
Prior radiation is permitted; however, at least 2 weeks must have elapsed since the completion of prior radiation therapy and patients must have recovered from all radiation-associated toxicities to no greater than grade 1 at the time of registration
Prior radiotherapy must in general have been completed >= 2 weeks prior to randomization and patients must have recovered from the toxicity of the radiation* NOTE: Patients may receive concurrent radiation therapy to painful sites of bony disease or areas of impending fracture as long as sites of measurable or non-measurable disease outside the radiation therapy port are available to follow
ARM II ONLY: For patients status post radiation therapy for prostate cancer, any PSA increase from post radiation therapy nadir OR
Patients who have received any previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy are not eligible
Radiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before the first dose of study treatment; subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligible
Patients who have received prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy are not eligible
Prior external beam radiation therapy to the brain or whole brain radiation therapy* Prior single-fraction or fractionated radiosurgery is permitted
Patients who received radiation therapy within the last 4 weeks; radiation exposure may not exceed 30% of marrow area
Patients must not have received systemic chemotherapy for at least 4 weeks, and must not have received prior radiation therapy to the tumor site being irradiated on this study
For patients pre-registering after the completion of radiation therapy, documentation of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy containing < 10% clonal plasma cells prior to start of radiation therapy
For all patients:* Radiation dose should range from 4500 cGy to 6000 cGy* No treatment for this disease following radiation therapy
Patients must have CD4 =< 300 cells/mm^3 in the last week (7 days) of standard radiation + temozolomide treatment (58-60 Gy radiation with temozolomide 75 mg/m2 daily during radiation)
Participants who have received any other investigational agents within the 4 weeks prior to enrollment; concurrent radiation therapy is not permitted, except palliative (limited-field) radiation therapy, if all of the following criteria are met:* Repeat imaging demonstrates no new sites of bone metastases* The lesion being considered for palliative radiation is not a target lesion
Prior radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of the study regimen
Have received surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy
Have completed all surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy within the last 2-60 months
Patients may have received prior radiation therapy, but must have measurable disease outside the radiation port; at least 14 days must have elapsed since completion of prior radiation therapy; patients must have recovered from all associated toxicities at the time of registration
At least 2 weeks from end of radiation therapy
No prior pelvic radiation therapy or chemotherapy
All women who undergo breast conserving therapy must receive concomitant radiotherapy; radiation after mastectomy is to be administered according to pre-specified institutional guidelines; radiation must be completed at least 21 days prior to registration
NON-PROGRESSED DIPG (STRATUM 2): Patients must have received a minimum of 54 Gy focal irradiation administered over approximately 42 days prior to enrollment; patients must not have received any other prior therapy for treatment of their central nervous system (CNS) malignancy besides standard radiation therapy
No treatment with radiation therapy =< 28 days before study registration
PRIOR/CONCURRENT THERAPY CRITERIA: Patients may have had prior radiation therapy as long as it has not affected greater than 25% of the bone marrow and at least one measurable lesion is outside the area of prior radiation; at least 7 days must have elapsed since last radiation treatment; patients must have recovered from any adverse events from prior radiation therapy to =< CTCAE grade 1
Any therapeutic pelvic radiation
Patients may have received prior radiation therapy for treatment of endometrial cancer; prior radiation therapy may have included pelvic radiation therapy, extended field pelvic/para-aortic radiation therapy, intravaginal brachytherapy and/or palliative radiation therapy; all radiation therapy must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to registration
At least 6 weeks must have elapsed prior to enrollment since the patient received any prior radiation therapy, and the target cutaneous neurofibromas have to be in areas outside of a prior radiation field
At least 6 weeks must have elapsed prior to enrollment since the patient received any prior radiation therapy
Patients must not have received any prior radiation to the bladder for bladder cancer
Prior radiation therapy is allowed; patients must not have received minimal radiation therapy (=< 5% of their total marrow volume) within 3 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; otherwise, patients must not have received radiation therapy (> 5% of their total marrow volume) within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment; patients who have received prior radiation to 50% or more of their total marrow volume will be excluded
At least 21 days must have elapsed from prior systemic therapy (chemotherapy or radiation)
Patients with any history of prior radiation therapy in the affected breast
Patients must be in first recurrence of glioblastoma following radiation therapy and temozolomide
Patients who have previously received systemic, radiation or other treatment for uterine cancer