Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma of the prostate) Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) Histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma within 365 days prior to randomization. Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma Histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma Histologically-confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically documented adenocarcinoma prostate cancer confirmed by a pathology report from prostate biopsy or a radical prostatectomy specimen; if prostatic tumor is of mixed histology, > 50% of the tumor must be adenocarcinoma Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma at the time of surgery Documented histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate, who meet the following criteria: Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate Documented histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically-confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Documented histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma Histologically confirmed primary non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate as documented by a minimum 12 core prostate biopsy completed within 1-year of enrollment (note: most recent prostate biopsy must have demonstrated prostatic adenocarcinoma) Documented histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed prostate cancer Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma of the prostate) Histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate and most recent biopsy within 365 days of study enrollment Histologically confirmed primary non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate from a prostate biopsy or prostatectomy specimen (primary site), or histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma/carcinoma in a metastatic site of disease in the setting of elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) and imaging consistent with metastatic prostate cancer, or history of prostate cancer with documented metastasis, or histologically confirmed other solid tumor malignancy, multiple myeloma, or plasmacytoma with pathological confirmation of metastasis Patients must have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically-confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate All patients must have histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma, with biopsies obtained within twelve months of patient registration Histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma within 365 days of registration Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma as confirmed by the investigator Histologically confirmed prostate cancer (not exclusive of adenocarcinoma) Males with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Documented histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Subjects must have biopsy-confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Pathologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate (biopsy within one year of enrollment) Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed, castrate-resistant adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed, locally confined adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate Diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma as confirmed by the investigator Histologically confirmed, localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate Biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate, performed up to 6 months prior to scheduled treatment. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate The patient has pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate COHORT A: The subject must have histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate with tissue confirmation at selected study site Subject has histologically confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Patients must have histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Participants must have histologically confirmed prostate cancer. Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma of the prostate) Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastatic disease. Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Documented histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Documented histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Documented histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Adenocarcinoma of the prostate Confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate that is unresponsive or refractory to hormonal therapy Histologically-confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically-documented localized (stage < T3) prostate adenocarcinoma History of histologically confirmed prostate cancer Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Histologically confirmed prostate cancer Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate within 18 months prior to enrollment Histologically-confirmed prostate cancer Patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer Histologically confirmed primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate Participants must have histologically confirmed prostate cancer Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer Pathologically proven diagnosis of any of the following malignancies: Patients with biopsy proven locoregional recurrence or second primary SCCHN which is unresectable or the patient is unwilling to undergo resection Subjects must have proven pediatric cancer with confirmation at diagnosis or at the time of recurrence/progression and clinical determination of disease for which there is no known effective curative therapy or disease that is refractory to established proven therapies fitting into one of the following categories: Histologically or cytologically proven diagnosis of prostate cancer, sqNSCLC, TNBC, or known PTEN-deficient solid malignancy, and is refractory to standard therapies. Histologically proven recurrent or residual intracranial or metastatic meningioma or meningioma with extracranial spread History of clinically significant glomerulonephritis, biopsy-proven tubulointerstitial nephritis, crystal nephropathy, or other renal insufficiencies. Biopsy-proven advanced stage follicular lymphoma, that have failed at least two lines of therapy multi-agent chemotherapy, but responds to salvage therapy (i.e., chemosensitive disease) (timeline 8 months prior to enrollment) Biopsy-proven advanced stage mantle cell lymphoma with proliferation-related Ki-67 antigen (Ki-67) > 10% in first complete remission (timeline 8 months prior to enrollment) Must have biopsy-proven desmoid tumor (or aggressive fibromatosis). For patients with recurrent disease, a biopsy is not required at the time of recurrence Participants must have a biopsy-proven tumor consistent with small cell lung cancer and intracranial lesions radiographically consistent with or pathologically proven to be brain metastases; patients who have undergone prior systemic therapy are eligible Participants must have a biopsy proven solid malignancy with untreated (by radiation) intracranial lesions radiographically consistent with or pathologically proven to be brain metastases; patients who have undergone prior systemic therapy are eligible Parts A-C only: Patients must have biopsy proven MF, clinical stage I, II, or III (excluding visceral or nodal involvement), and must be refractory to or intolerant of established therapies for their condition Biopsy proven confirmation of relapsed disease. biopsy-proven refractory disease after frontline chemo-immunotherapy If the standard biopsy cores are positive, they must be from the same location in the prostate as MR lesion was biopsied and proven to be cancerous. (Left / Right, Base, Mid Gland, Apex). Patients must have pathologically or cytologically proven transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelium Has biopsy-proven invasion of tracheobronchial tree or tracheo-esophageal fistula Proven hypersensitivity to statins Men with new or progressing lymphadenopathy clearly consistent with prostate metastasis on imaging or proven by pathologic biopsy at any time three months or later following their initial definitive therapy Biopsy proven diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (tonsil, base of tongue, soft palate, or oropharyngeal walls). Clinical evidence should be documented, and may consist of imaging, endoscopic evaluation, palpation, and should be sufficient to estimate the size of the primary for purposes of T staging. biopsy-proven refractory disease after frontline chemo-immunotherapy Histologically proven diagnosis of grade 1, 2, or 3A FL The diagnosis of relapsed FL must have been made within the last 6 months of screening if no other treatment is given for the FL in the interim; if an interim treatment is given within the last 6 month, re-biopsy will be required even if there is already a biopsy proven relapsed FL within the last 6 months Any patient with a biopsy proven diagnosis of chondrosarcoma that is grade I, II or III or Patients with biopsy proven dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma that chose not to pursue neoadjuvant chemotherapy Biopsy proven T2 malignant melanoma Oligometastatic disease or unresectable primary abdominal malignancy with biopsy-proven primary disease histology of solid tumor categorization; patients with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma do not require a biopsy Diagnosis of localized breast, uterine or cervical cancer that is either biopsy proven or suspected based on history, physical, and/or radiographic findings, and who are planned for definitive resection of the tumor without the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH) are eligible to participate Documented or pathologically-proven metastatic disease Patients do not need a histologically proven diagnosis of brain mets Histologically or genetically proven unilateral primary or metastatic active pleural malignancy Histologically proven recurrent meningioma or aggressive meningioma; note: confirmation of ESO expression and pathology is not required in patients with definitive radiologic evidence of meningioma who are unresectable, and in whom radiation therapy without biopsy is the standard treatment Pancreatic adenocarcinoma proven either by histology (surgical biopsy) or cytology (CT- or endoscopic-guided) Patients with known (biopsy proven) invasive carcinoma in a potential study polyp Diagnosis of secondary Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis consequent to a proven rheumatic or neoplastic disease. Any clinical or radiographically suspicious nodes, unless biopsy proven benign. Biopsy-proven, unresected stage IB-IVA invasive carcinoma of the cervix Pathologically (histologically) proven diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma Histologically proven non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Patients with relapsed/refractory, biopsy-proven primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who have received at least two previous standard systemic therapies and, if MF/SS, is stage IB IVB at study entry. Patients at least eighteen (18) years of age with histologically proven, progressive and/or refractory SM. Biopsy proven ccRCC Biopsy-proven KS involving skin (with or without visceral involvement) without need for urgent cytotoxic therapy; there should be no evidence of improvement in KS in the 4 weeks immediately prior to study enrollment Patients must have biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the small bowel at any site (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), excluding ampullary and appendiceal tumors Biopsy proven locally advanced breast cancer: IIB, IIIA and IIIB Histologically proven adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) with the majority of disease confined to the peritoneal cavity and resectable or amenable to radiofrequency ablation Biopsy proven NSCLC Pathologically proven diagnosis of endometrial or cervical cancer Patients with histologically proven HL will be eligible for transplantation after failing prior therapy Histologically proven MCC Pathologically proven diagnosis of NSCLC Histologically or cytologically proven metastatic breast cancer (metastases can be proven with imaging results in certain circumstances provided that the initial tumor was demonstrated histologically) Patients with biopsy proven NRSTS or bone sarcoma Biopsy-proven diagnosis of AL amyloidosis by immunohistochemistry or mass spectroscopy of a tissue biopsy excluding bone marrow Patients must have biopsy-proven metastatic MCC or locoregional MCC that has recurred following standard locoregional therapy with surgery and/or radiation therapy Patient has biopsy-proven diagnosis of cancer and radiographic evidence of bone metastasis to serve as target lesion(s) Histologically proven colon carcinoma with serosal invasion or peritoneal disease or a history of tumor rupture, and/or ascites Biopsy proven locally advanced stage cervical cancer (LACC, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] IB2 – IVB) The cancer that has no proven effective therapy Group B:\r\n* Newly diagnosed patient with histologically proven Ewing sarcoma family of tumor involving the bone or soft tissue and at least one of the following:\r\n** Metastatic disease (must be biopsy proven)\r\n** Pelvic primary\r\n** Age >= 14 years at the time of diagnosis\r\n*** Patients with more than one pulmonary lesion > 1cm may be considered as having evidence of metastatic disease without biopsy, as long as there is no other clear medical reason for these lesions; these cases should be discussed with the principal investigator (PI) and if there is any doubt, a biopsy should be obtained\r\n* Newly diagnosed patients with intra-abdominal, unresectable or metastatic desmoplastic small round cell tumor; metastatic site must be biopsy proven Histologically proven solid tumor malignancy with metastasis to the spine; diagnosis may be acquired from needle biopsy, cytology, or surgical biopsy or resection Retinoblastoma-positive, histologically proven CRC with measurable disease If patient has only one metastatic lesion/focus, this must be proven by biopsy and the pathology report confirming the diagnosis of primary breast cancer, as well as the metastatic site, must be available Biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx (tonsil, base of tongue, pharyngeal wall or palate) Histologically or cytologically proven diagnosis of unresectable B3 thymoma or thymic carcinoma recurrent or progressing after prior chemotherapy (only one prior systemic therapy allowed) Histologically proven non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Biopsy-proven, invasive carcinoma of the cervix Patients with proven TTP as per historical data (as defined by ADAMST13 activity test) and if already available results of ADAMST13 test done at screening. The cancer has no proven effective therapy Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) without distant extrahepatic metastasis within 90 days of registration; patients with an adenocarcinoma suggestive of a pancreaticobiliary primary with radiographic findings consistent with an intrahepatic cholangio-carcinoma are eligible Biopsy-proven KS involving skin, with or without visceral involvement, either newly diagnosed or refractory to or intolerant of one or more prior therapies Biopsy proven plasmacytoma. Prior biopsy is acceptable. Participants must have biopsy-proven KS involving skin with or without visceral involvement Patients with a history of proven myocarditis, pericarditis, or endocarditis Oligometastatic or unresectable primary disease planned for SBRT with biopsy-proven primary disease histology of solid tumor categorization with the exception of small cell cancers; hepatocellular carcinoma does not need to be biopsy proven if imaging and clinical findings are consistent with the diagnosis Biopsy-proven well-differentiated, low-to-intermediate-grade PNET or GI-NET with elevated (> ULN) biomarkers (serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), chromogranin A (CgA), neurokinin A, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)) An interval of at least 12 weeks after last dose of radiation and temozolomide is required, unless cancer progression is proven by diagnostic tumor biopsy. If temozolomide is being used in a maintenance phase, there must be a 28-day washout period prior to Randomization. Biopsy-proven non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth or oropharynx and is planned to receive a standard course of concomitant CRT. Has biopsy-proven invasion of tracheobronchial tree or tracheo-esophageal fistula Patients with a known history of proven myocarditis, pericarditis, and/ or endocarditis Histologically/cytologically proven primary thoracic or breast malignancy, lymphoma or lung metastases (which are not required to be biopsy-proven) treated with definitive intent Biopsy-proven differentiated VIN; Biopsy-proven tumor invasion of the tracheobronchial tree or presence of tracheoesophageal fistula; recurrent laryngeal or phrenic nerve paralysis Pancreatic cancer of any type, biopsy-proven Biopsy proven sarcoma located in the extremities A probability of 60% or higher of a lung lesion being malignant as calculated by Bayesian analysis derived from clinical and radiographic criteria or, alternatively, biopsy proven disease Biopsy-proven endometrial cancer The effusion is an exudate (per Light's criteria) in the context of histocytologically proven malignancy elsewhere, with no other clear cause for fluid identified. Serum creatinine < 2.0 x ULN unless due to biopsy proven CLL kidney infiltration Subjects with pathologically-proven gynecologic malignancies Subjects with history of presumed or proven invasive fungal infection within 30 days of randomization All consecutive outpatients with > 1 cm biopsy-proven Barrett’s esophagus who are undergoing standard of care endoscopic surveillance for metaplasia, dysplasia, or neoplasia History of proven influenza disease after September 1, 2016 FOR THE 31 SUBJECTS ENROLLED IN YEAR 1: History of proven influenza disease after September 1, 2017 History of proven influenza disease after September 1, 2017 Proven, probable or possible IFI within the previous 30 days Biopsy-proven Barrett’s esophagus that is non-dysplastic or with low grade dysplasia Has a proven or probable invasive fungal infection Participants with biopsy proven metastatic disease (M1) Subject has biopsy-proven multifocal breast cancer Biopsy proven diagnosis or clinical diagnosis of any benign oral cavity lesion; pre-surgical biopsy will not be required if lesion is suspected to be benign Biopsy proven diagnosis or clinical diagnosis of premalignant oral cavity lesions (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus, dysplasia); pre-surgical biopsy will not be required if lesion is suspected to be benign Biopsy proven diagnosis of small superficial oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (stage T1N0) requiring resection without the need for neck dissection Patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer Patient with lung cancer (presumed or biopsy proven) undergoing evaluation for resection Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of cervical, vulvar, esophageal and anal canal cancer Diagnosis of histologically proven node-positive lung cancer (n=20) OR base of skull or brain tumor (n=20) Diagnosis of biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer measuring at least 1.5 cm in diameter by any imaging modality Biopsy-proven PR-positive (sample size [N]=23) or PR-negative (N=5) invasive breast cancer, as defined by University of Wisconsin (UW) Health Pathology Patients who have had surgical intervention or radiation for the current biopsy-proven malignancy Pre-operative adult (> 19 years of age) patients with biopsy proven (as opposed to being status post definitive surgical therapy) or highly suspected glioblastoma of the brain History of biopsy proven or clinically documented castrate resistant prostate cancer which is metastatic to bone as assessed by medical record review Have biopsy-proven breast cancer and decided to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy Patients with biopsy-proven extra-abdominal desmoid tumors Biopsy proven HER2 negative primary breast cancer and biopsy proven metastatic disease Suspected or known biopsy-proven malignancy (BI-RADS [R] category 4 & 5) Adult, non-pregnant patients with biopsy-proven or clinically obvious primary, recurrent or metastatic breast cancer Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of carcinoma Primary tumor 2.0 cm or greater, and/or clinical evidence of axillary disease (palpable N1 or N2 or biopsy proven) Biopsy proven Kaposi’s sarcoma involving the skin or mucosa Participant must have either radiological (presumptive) or established (proven) histological diagnosis of a brain tumor or lesion Patient must have biopsy-proven cervical cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stage-Ib2-IVb) Patients who have histologically proven transitional cell carcinoma (TCC); or Biopsy proven or clinically suspected advanced parenchymal liver disease Patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer and biopsy-proven axillary lymph node metastases at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) who are candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant endocrine therapy Ipsilateral biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer < 5 cm in maximal dimension by ultrasound or mammography Recently diagnosed (i.e., within 70 days of enrollment) with clinically suspicious or biopsy-proven early stage (i.e., stage I-II) NSCLC; the inclusion criteria will be operationalized as follows:\r\n* Recently diagnosed (i.e., within 70 days of definitive tissue biopsy) biopsy-proven NSCLC\r\n* Recently diagnosed (i.e., within 70 days of clinical diagnosis) probable NSCLC where \probable NSCLC\ is defined as a suspicious lung nodule for which the patient was referred for\r\n** Invasive diagnostic procedure (i.e., bronchoscopy or image-guided biopsy), OR\r\n** Surgical or radiation oncology consultation and \date of clinical diagnosis\ is defined as (whichever comes first)\r\n** Date of referral for invasive diagnostic procedure (i.e., bronchoscopy or image-guided biopsy), OR\r\n** Date of referral for surgical or radiation oncology consultation\r\n* Study sites should enroll patients that meet either of the above inclusion criteria as early as possible during the diagnostic work-up (i.e., if the patient meets the criteria for recently diagnosed, clinically suspicious NSCLC, definitive tissue biopsy is not required for eligibility) Status post-surgical resection or definitive radiotherapy for recently diagnosed clinically suspicious or biopsy-proven early stage NSCLC Patients must have biopsy-proven bladder cancer Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate Prostate cancer proven by histopathology Histologically-proven prostate adenocarcinoma\r\n* Gleason score 6-10 based on a review of the prostate core biopsies at Moffitt Cancer Center Biopsy proven prostate cancer Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed (with ?10 core biopsy) within 6 months of screening. The biopsy that was used for this diagnosis must be submitted for central pathology review. Histologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma:\r\n* Gleason score 2-7 \r\n* Biopsy within one year of date of registration Patients with histopathologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate Have biopsy proven carcinoma of the prostate Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically or cytologically proven diagnosis of prostate cancer. Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically or cytologically proven prostate carcinoma Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histologically or cytologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate; if pathology is unavailable, the principal investigator (PI) may also make a determination of prostate cancer based on unequivocal clinic data Patient must have non-metastatic, biopsy proven prostate cancer Patient had a prostate biopsy performed by Dr. Mark with the Artemis device and has adenocarcinoma of the prostate Biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate (using a IMAGE-guided 14+ core mapping biopsy), and targeted cores as needed obtained up to 6 months prior to scheduled treatment. COHORT I: Biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate Histopathology proven prostate cancer. Histopathologically proven prostate cancer (PCa) Histopathological proven prostate adenocarcinoma Pathologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma Biopsy-proven prostate adenocarcinoma Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma Histopathologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma SUB-STUDY I: Newly diagnosed prostate cancer pathologically proven by prostate biopsy SUB-STUDY II: Prostate cancer pathologically proven by prostate biopsy SUB-STUDY III: Prostate cancer pathologically proven by prostate biopsy Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma Histopathological proven prostate adenocarcinoma Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma Biopsy-proven prostate cancer Not otherwise eligible for prostate biopsy Have biopsy proven carcinoma of the prostate Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma Biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate At least 4 weeks after most recent prostate biopsy Males with known (biopsy?confirmed) primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate undergoing active surveillance scheduled for prostate biopsy (population group B) Biopsy proven, clinical stage 1-3 prostate carcinomas Patients who had > 1 prior prostate biopsy Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma Histopathological proven prostate adenocarcinoma Prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosed by biopsy within 12 months prior to study registration Prior prostate biopsy Post-prostatectomy patients with a detectable serum PSA (>= 0.1, but =< 1.0 ng/mL) at study entry (within 90 days of Step 1 registration) and at least one of the following:\r\n* Gleason score 7-10 (International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade group 2 to 5)\r\n* ISUP grade group:\r\n** Grade group 1?=?Gleason score?== T3a disease\r\n* Persistent elevation of PSA after prostatectomy measured within 90 days after surgery (PSA never became undetectable) of > 0.04 but < 0.2 ng/mL (PSA nadir) Histological evaluation of prostate biopsy with assignment of a Gleason score to the biopsy material;Gleason score must be in the range of 2-6. > 6 cores are strongly recommended. Gleason score, obtained at biopsy, =< 6, 3 + 4 = 7, or 4 + 3 = 7 Gleason Score ? 7; and 2 or less positive lesions on prior MR US fusion guided prostate biopsy. Gleason score =< 6 (neither architectural pattern =< 3) Histological evaluation of prostate biopsy with assignment of a Gleason score to the biopsy material; Gleason score must be in the range of 2-7. > 6 cores are strongly recommended. Cohort A (M0)\r\n* Clinically localized disease with a minimum of 3 or more cores involved with cancer on diagnostic biopsy (if T3 by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] can have < 3 positive cores), or < 3 positive cores if there is > 1 cm tumor on prostate MRI:\r\n** With Gleason score 8 – 10 Or\r\n** Gleason 4+3 with one of the following features:\r\n*** PSA >= 20 ng/mL within 2 months prior to diagnostic biopsy\r\n*** MRI suspicious for radiographic T3 disease; defined as > 75% probability of extracapsular extension or seminal vesicle invasion in the opinion of the reading radiologist Or\r\n** Gleason 3+4 or 4+3 and Oncotype DX genomic prostate score of > 40\r\n* With or without clinical N1 (size > 1.5cm in the short axis) OR Patients with concomitant Gleason score 3+3 prostate cancer in less than 50% of any core at any site will be considered eligible. Initial prostate biopsy is available for central pathologic review, and is confirmed to show at least 2 positive cores and a Gleason sum of >= 7 Prostate biopsy with Gleason score and TNM staging within 180 days prior to registration For confirmation of high risk local failure status, patients will have any one of the following:\r\n* Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) or extraprostatic extension (EPE) within 1 year of enrollment into the study\r\n* Pre-biopsy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >= 20\r\n* Gleason score 7-10 (Gleason 7 must be 4+3), presence of any Gleason 5 (even if a tertiary score) as determined at diagnostic biopsy\r\n* Gleason score 7 and > 50% of biopsy cores positive for prostate cancer\r\n* Clinical stage >= T3 (staging by imaging acceptable) Cohort B – Prostate cancer (Gleason 7 or less); must have histological proof of Gleason =< 7 with no evidence of metastatic disease (patient with any degree of extra-prostatic capsule extension are not eligible Biopsy positive for adenocarcinoma of the prostate containing any quantity of Gleason 3 component (e.g. Gleason score 3+3, 3+4, 4+3) Gleason score =< 7, no tertiary pattern >= 5 Gleason score 6-10 Patient must have a histological evaluation of the prostate biopsy with assignment of a Gleason score to the biopsy material; Gleason scores =< 7 (3+4) Histological evaluation of prostate biopsy with assignment of a Gleason score to the biopsy material demonstrating Gleason score 2-7 within 365 days of registration Histological evaluation of prostate biopsy with assignment of a Gleason score to the biopsy material; Gleason score must be in the range of 2-6; (the highest Gleason score in any core reported on the pathology report will be used for determining inclusion) Gleason score 8 or higher Gleason score of 3+4 or lower Gleason (4+3) or higher score Subjects with untreated organ confined prostate cancer (clinical stage =< T2b, Gleason =< 3 + 4 with no more than a 50% component of Gleason 4) Any significant cancer outside of MRI target (ROI) area, defined as Gleason score >= 3 + 4 Any Gleason score > 3 + 4 or Gleason score 3 + 4 with the secondary pattern exceeding 50% Gleason score 6 (3+3) and Gleason score ? 3 + 4 Gleason 8 or higher score Gleason score 7; Gleason score > 7 Gleason score 6 or 7 (no 5 grades), based on TRUS guided Transperineal Mapping Biopsy, as defined in the protocol. The Gleason score should be less than or equal to 7 Gleason score sum of less than or equal to 7 For men =< 70 years, biopsy Gleason score =< 6; for men > 70 years, biopsy Gleason score =< (3 + 4) = 7 Gleason score on diagnostic biopsy specimens of >= 6 Primary diagnosis of untreated with clinically localized prostate cancer with Gleason score of 6, 7,8 or 9 Gleason score equal to or less than 7 Has no Gleason grade 4 or 5, Gleason score of 6 - 10 Localized prostate cancer with Gleason score >= 8 As per medical record, early stage prostate cancer (pathologic stage 1-2 with Gleason score =< 8; or pathologic stage 3 with Gleason score =< 7) >= 10 core prostate biopsy completed prior to randomization with at least 2 mm of tumor and Gleason sum =< 6 with no pattern 4 or Gleason 3+4 in < 34% of all cores; AND residual tumor tissue from such biopsy is obtainable and donated for the research Gleason grade 3+4 or less Biopsies performed at outside institutions should have Gleason score confirmed at the study site by a genitourinary (GU) pathologist to ensure eligibility Gleason score 7 (4 + 3 or 3 + 4), based on mapping prostate biopsy, with no more than 15mm cancer in maximal linear dimension in any single core. Single hemilateral index Gleason 7 lesion, identified in the prostate based on biopsy mapping with supporting MRI; may have secondary Gleason 6 lesion on ipsilateral or contralateral side confirmed with biopsy and/or MRI. Gleason 7 tumors must be MRI visible: Patient is at low risk for metastasis with Gleason score at diagnosis < 8. Gleason score of >= 8 (4+4) Greater than 4 cores positive, of any Gleason score, on the University of Miami (UM) review Greater than 2 cores positive for Gleason 3+4 cancer Gleason 4+3 or higher cancer in any single biopsy core Gleason =< 3+3 No tertiary Gleason grade >= 4 PRE-ENROLLMENT BIOPSY PARAMETERS: Gleason 6 (3+3) or 7 (3+4) FINAL ENROLLMENT BIOPSY PARAMETERS: Gleason 6 (3+3) or 7 (3+4) Gleason score =< 6 Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland by needle core samples with assigned Gleason score Gleason score (GS): 8-10 Gleason score (GS) 4+3=7