Participants must have prior diagnosis of glioma (astrocytoma, malignant astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, mixed oligo-astrocytoma), exclusive of ependymoma, ganglioglioma, pylocytic/pylomyxoid astrocytoma as confirmed by a neuropathologist or by a previous local pathology report
Patients with newly diagnosed DIPGs, defined as tumors with a pontine epicenter and diffuse involvement of the pons, are eligible without histologic confirmation\r\n* Patients with brainstem tumors that do not meet these criteria or are not considered to be typical intrinsic pontine gliomas will only be eligible if the tumors are biopsied and proven to be an anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, gliosarcoma, diffuse midline glioma with histone H KM mutation, or anaplastic mixed glioma; patients with pilocytic astrocytoma, fibrillary astrocytoma, gangliogliomas, or other mixed gliomas without anaplasia are not eligible\r\n* Patients with disseminated disease are not eligible, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine must be performed if disseminated disease is suspected by the treating physician\r\n* Enrollment must be no later than  days after the date of radiographic diagnosis or surgery, whichever is the later date
Patients who are newly OR previously diagnosed with low grade glioma (LGG), who have not been treated with any modality besides surgery or corticosteroids; untreated astrocytomas or other eligible tumors (with the exception of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma) interpreted as low grade (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I and II), will be eligible for the study as below (th edition WHO classification of central nervous system [CNS] tumors); if it is clinically suspected that the previously untreated progressive low grade astrocytoma has evolved to a higher grade tumor, it is recommended a biopsy be performed; patients with metastatic disease are allowed on study
Glial tumors (including patients with leptomeningeal disease)\r\n* Astrocytic tumors \r\n** Low-grade astrocytoma (variants: fibrillary, protoplasmic gemistocytic, mixed, not otherwise specified [NOS])\r\n** Pilocytic astrocytoma\r\n** Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas \r\n** Infantile desmoplastic astrocytoma \r\n** Pilomyxoid astrocytoma\r\n* Low-grade oligodendroglioma\r\n* Low-grade oligoastrocytoma
Histologically confirmed malignant/anaplastic meningioma, WHO grade III with any prior surgery
Subjects must have pathologically confirmed low grade glioma with histologic subtypes interpreted as World Health Organization (WHO) grade I and II including:\r\n* Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) \r\n* Pleomorphic JPA \r\n* Diffuse astrocytoma (fibrillary, gemistocytic, giant cell, or pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma)\r\n* Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA)\r\n* Low grade oligoastrocytoma\r\n* Low grade oligodendroglioma\r\n* Pilomyxoid astrocytoma\r\n* Low grade glioma not otherwise specified (NOS)
ARM I: Patients must have histologically proven unmethylated MGMT supratentorial high-grade glioma (anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic mixed astro oligodendroglioma or glioblastoma)
ARM II: Patients must have histologically proven supratentorial methylated MGMT high-grade glioma (anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic mixed astro oligodendroglioma or glioblastoma)
Newly diagnosed oligodendroglioma (oligo) (low grade oligo, low grade mixed oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligo, anaplastic mixed oligo) by histology and or molecular classification
Historical pathological tissue evidence of high risk oligo (low grade oligo, low grade mixed oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligo, anaplastic mixed oligo) by histology and or molecular classification
Patients must have suspected recurrent malignant glioma (WHO grade III-IV), including recurrent glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and anaplastic ependymoma; stereotactic biopsies will be performed to confirm recurrent malignant glioma prior to initiating the treatment
Patients must have a recurrent supratentorial WHO grade III malignant glioma (anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ependymoma) or WHO grade IV malignant glioma (glioblastoma, gliosarcoma) based on imaging studies with measurable disease (>=  cm and =< . cm of contrast-enhancing tumor); the prior histopathology must be consistent with a World Health Organization (WHO) grade III or IV malignant glioma confirmed by the study pathologist, Roger McLendon, or his designee; there is no standard of care treatment for children with grade III/IV gliomas; patients must have completed first-line treatments including surgical procedure and a minimum of Gy of radiation prior to participating in this trial
Histologically confirmed high grade astrocytoma
Patients must have histologically-proven, recurrent supratentorial grade IV glioblastoma (or grade III IDH-wildtype anaplastic astrocytoma), for which a complete surgical resection is unsafe due to location, shape, or size of the tumor. Diagnosis of recurrence will be established by biopsy and frozen section immediately prior to initiating LITT procedure. If findings on frozen section are not consistent with recurrence (glioblastoma or recurrent IDH-wildtype anaplastic astrocytoma), decision to proceed with LITT procedure will be at the discretion of the neurosurgeon (only patients with histologically-proven recurrent tumor will be evaluable for efficacy).
Patients must have pathologic diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma (defined as WHO grade III, or glioblastoma/gliosarcoma, WHO grade IV, which are confirmed by National Cancer Institute (NCI) laboratory of pathology; if the pathology diagnosis is anaplastic glioma or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, evidence of either intact p/q chromosomes or molecular features suggesting astrocytic tumor must be present; (including, but not limited to ATRX, p)
Histologically-confirmed diagnosis of a grade III or IV glioma (including glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, gliosarcoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma), or has a prior, histologically-confirmed, diagnosis of a grade II glioma and now has radiographic findings consistent with a high-grade glioma (grade III or IV)
Patients must have histologically proven supratentorial low-grade glioma at initial diagnosis; pathology must have been reviewed by University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) neuropathology; eligible low-grade gliomas include: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and mixed oligoastrocytoma; pilocytic astrocytomas are excluded
Patients with radiographically proven recurrent, intracranial high grade glioma will be eligible for this protocol; patients must have evidence of tumor progression as determined by RANO criteria following standard therapy\r\n* High grade glioma includes glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), gliosarcoma (GS), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma (AMO), or malignant astrocytoma NOS (not otherwise specified)\r\n* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) must be performed within  days prior to enrollment, and patients who are receiving steroids must be on a stable or decreasing dose for at least  days prior to imaging; if the steroid dose is increased between the date of imaging and enrollment, a new baseline MRI is required\r\n* Patients must have completed only  prior course of radiation therapy and must have experienced an interval of greater than  weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to study entry
Newly diagnosed supratentorial brain lesion compatible with a high grade glioma (WHO III or IV) by magnetic resonance (MR) with no prior treatment with either gene therapy, chemotherapy or radiation treatments that is amenable to attempted gross total resection (GTR); high grade glioma can include: glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV); anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III); anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade III); and anaplastic ependymoma (WHO grade III)
The diagnosis of GBM or anaplastic astrocytoma must be histologically confirmed
The most recent brain tumor pathology obtained for the patient must be glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma
Patients with histologically proven recurrent intracranial malignant glioma will be eligible for the phase I/II component of this protocol; malignant glioma includes glioblastoma (GBM), gliosarcoma (GS), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma (AMO), or malignant astrocytoma NOS (not otherwise specified); patients will be eligible if the original histology was low-grade glioma and a subsequent histological diagnosis of a malignant glioma is made
Patients must have eligibility confirmed by rapid central pathology and central molecular screening reviews performed on APECB:\r\n* Newly-diagnosed high-grade glioma such as anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma\r\n* Negative results for H KM by immunohistochemistry (IHC)\r\n* Negative results for BRAFVE mutation by next-generation sequencing (NGS)
Patients with the following histologies: \r\n* Diffuse astrocytoma (grade )\r\n* Oligodendrogliomas (any grade)\r\n* Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA, any grade)
First or second recurrence of previously histologically confirmed glioblastoma (grade  astrocytoma)\r\n* NOTE: gliosarcomas and other grade  astrocytoma variants (e.g., giant cell) may be included, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) variants are excluded; grade  oligodendrogliomas or oligoastrocytomas are specifically excluded
Patients are eligible if they had a prior low grade astrocytoma that was not previously treated, and there is subsequent histological evidence of a diagnosis of grade III or IV astrocytoma
Stratum : Newly diagnosed DIPG patients (on-hold until pediatric recommended phase  dose [RPD] has been established in Stratum )\r\n* Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) will be eligible  to  weeks post-completion of radiation therapy if they do not have any evidence of progression; patients with newly diagnosed DIPGs, defined as tumors with a pontine epicenter and diffuse involvement of / or more of the pons, are eligible without histologic confirmation; patients with pontine tumors that do not meet these criteria or not considered to be typical intrinsic pontine gliomas will only be eligible if the tumors have been biopsied and () are proven to be an anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, gliosarcoma, anaplastic mixed glioma or fibrillary astrocytoma or () have a histone mutation typically seen in DIPG; patients with disseminated disease are not eligible, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine must be performed if disseminated disease is suspected by the treating physician
Patient has had a prior, histologically-confirmed, diagnosis of a grade III or IV glioma (including glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, gliosarcoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma), or has a prior, histologically-confirmed, diagnosis of a grade II glioma and now has radiographic findings consistent with a high-grade glioma (grade III or IV)
Patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent glioma of World Health Organization (WHO) grade III or IV (anaplastic astrocytoma [AA], anaplastic astro-oligodendroglioma [AO], or glioblastoma [GBM]) will be eligible for this protocol
Diagnosis of WHO Grade IV glioblastoma or WHO Grade III anaplastic gliomas
Note: Patients with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, pilomyxoid astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with or without anaplasia, gangliogliomas, or other mixed gliomas without anaplasia are not eligible.
Patients with a diagnosis of oligodendroglioma or oligoastrocytoma are not eligible.
Has anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Patients with newly diagnosed intrinsic brainstem gliomas, defined as tumors with a pontine epicenter and diffuse rather than focal involvement of the pons, with or without extension to adjacent medulla or midbrain, are eligible without histologic confirmation; patients with brainstem tumors that do not meet these criteria or not considered to be typical intrinsic pontine gliomas will only be eligible if the tumors are biopsied and proven to be a grade III or IV glioma (anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, gliosarcoma)
Histological confirmation of a high grade (grade  or ) primary brain tumor either classified as a glioma (including astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma multiforme), medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) or primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)\r\n* Note: Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) are exempt from this confirmation of tumor if characteristic radiologic findings are noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Histopathologically proven diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM) or gliosarcoma or anaplastic astrocytoma (AA)
Patients must have a histologically confirmed intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) (including any sub variants including but not limited to gliosarcoma [GS], glioblastoma with oligodendroglial features [GBM-O], and glioblastoma with primitive neuroectodermal tumor [PNET] features [GBM-PNET]); anaplastic astrocytoma (AA); anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO); anaplastic oligo-astrocytoma (AOA) also called anaplastic mixed gliomas; malignant glioma NOS (not otherwise specified); patients will be eligible if the original histology was low-grade glioma and a subsequent histological diagnosis of a high grade (malignant) glioma is made
Subjects with a history of Grade  astrocytoma.
Histologically confirmed GBM (grade  astrocytoma) NOTE: gliosarcomas and other grade  astrocytoma variants (e.g., giant cell) may be included, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) variants are excluded; grade  oligodendrogliomas or oligoastrocytomas are specifically excluded
For Cohort  and , participants must have documented pathological diagnosis of a WHO grade II astrocytoma or oligoastrocytoma
For Cohort , participants must have WHO grade II astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma or oligodendroglioma that is histologically confirmed either by the previous biopsy or resection, or at the time of re-operation (re-operation before entry to the current study is allowed; however participants must be off post-surgery dexamethasone for at least  weeks before administration of the first vaccine)
Histologically or radiologically confirmed diagnosis of brain cancer:\r\n* Glioblastoma (GBM), \r\n* Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), \r\n* Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), \r\n* Anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma (AMO), \r\n* Low grade gliomas, \r\n* Brain metastases, \r\n* Meningiomas, or\r\n* Leptomeningeal metastases
Patients with histologically confirmed grade III or IV astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma who are at first or second recurrence
Diagnosis of HGG or DIPG; if histologic confirmation was obtained, diagnosis must be one of the following: anaplastic astrocytoma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade ), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade ), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (WHO grade ), anaplastic ganglioglioma (WHO grade ), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with anaplastic features (WHO grade ), malignant glioneuronal tumor, glioblastoma, or gliosarcoma (WHO grade )
Patients must have EITHER histologically confirmed intracranial malignant glioma of the following types: glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), anaplastic oligo-astrocytoma (AOA) also called anaplastic mixed gliomas, malignant glioma NOS (not otherwise specified); patients will be eligible if the original histology was low-grade glioma and a subsequent histological diagnosis of a high grade (malignant) glioma is made; OR histologically confirmed low grade (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II) gliomas (such as low grade astrocytoma, low grade oligodendroglioma, low grade oligo-astrocytoma [mixed gliomas], or low grade glioma NOS) IF there is radiographic evidence by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of malignant transformation but histologic confirmation of high grade (malignant) transformation would not be otherwise undertaken for routine clinical care; inclusion of patients in this group will allow increased accrual rapidity by enrolling patients who are otherwise ineligible for almost all malignant glioma trials yet whom are treated presumptively for malignant glioma; the primary aim of the phase I study is not determination of efficacy; therefore, inclusion of such patients will not affect efficacy analyses (Participating site confirmation is adequate; MSKCC central review is not required)
Patients must have a histologic diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM), gliosarcoma, anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), or anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma (AOA); patients are eligible if the original histology was lower-grade glioma
Histologically confirmed diagnosis of a recurrent primary World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV malignant glioma (glioblastoma); patients with recurrent disease whose diagnostic pathology confirmed glioblastoma will not need re-biopsy; patients with prior low-grade glioma or anaplastic glioma (anaplastic astrocytoma or anaplastic oligodendroglioma) are eligible if histologic assessment demonstrates transformation to GBM
Pathological diagnosis of astrocytoma grade , oligodendroglioma grade , or oligoastrocytoma grade  (mixed glioma containing astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma); pilocytic astrocytoma, ganglioglioma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors are not eligible\r\n* NOTE: if the pathology from multiple procedures supports the diagnosis of a brain tumor, the qualifying pathology of grade  astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, or oligoastrocytoma must be the most recent pathological diagnosis, and a pathological diagnosis of a grade  or grade  glioma must not have been made at any time
Histologically confirmed diagnosis of  of the following:\r\n* Anaplastic oligodendroglioma\r\n* Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma\r\n* Anaplastic astrocytoma
Newly diagnosed tumor of the CNS, to include patients with:\r\n* Medulloblastoma (all histologic subtypes)\r\n* Supratentorial primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors (PNET) (including CNS neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma, medulloepithelioma, and ependymoblastoma)\r\n* Pineoblastoma\r\n* Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT)\r\n* Choroid plexus carcinoma \r\n* High-grade glioma, including anaplastic astrocytoma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade III), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade III), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (WHO grade III), anaplastic ganglioglioma (WHO grade III), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with anaplastic features (WHO grade III), high-grade astroblastoma, anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade III), malignant glioneuronal tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV) or gliosarcoma (WHO grade IV)\r\n* Patients with ependymoma (including all ependymoma histological variants)
Histologic diagnosis of high-grade glioma, including anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade III), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (WHO grade III), anaplastic ganglioglioma (WHO grade III), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with anaplastic features (WHO grade III), high grade astroblastoma (WHO grade III), anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade III), malignant glioneuronal tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV) or gliosarcoma (WHO grade IV)
Patients must have a histologically-confirmed primary diagnosis of high-grade glioma (HGG) (such as glioblastoma multiforme, gliosarcoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic ganglioglioma, high grade astrocytoma, not otherwise specified [NOS]) that is recurrent or refractory to conventional therapy; patients with metastatic disease are not eligible; if there is evidence of the tumor arising from the ventricular system, patient is NOT eligible
Histological confirmation of grade  or  glioma, including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and mixed gliomas, as determined by pre-registration central pathology review (Phase I)
Patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), defined as tumors with a pontine epicenter and diffuse intrinsic involvement of the pons, are eligible without histologic confirmation; patients with brainstem tumors that do not meet these criteria or not considered to be typical intrinsic pontine gliomas will only be eligible if the tumors are biopsied and proven to be an anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, gliosarcoma, anaplastic mixed glioma, or fibrillary astrocytoma\r\n* Patients with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, pilomyxoid astrocytoma, fibrillary astrocytoma, gangliogliomas, or other mixed gliomas without anaplasia are not eligible;\r\n* Patients with disseminated disease are not eligible, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine must be performed if disseminated disease is suspected by the treating physician
All patients must have had prior pathologic confirmation of tumor histology, anaplastic glioma (AG) or glioblastoma (GBM) and have supratentorial gliomas
Patients must have histologically proven intracranial low-grade glioma at initial diagnosis; low-grade gliomas include: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and mixed oligoastrocytoma; pilocytic astrocytomas are excluded
Grade II and III gliomas IDH mutant gliomas including; diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma
Histologic diagnosis of glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) or pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I)
Patients must have histologically confirmed high grade astrocytoma, WHO grade III or IV, by pathology
Newly (within  month) diagnosed with a primary malignant brain tumor (PMBT) (tumor verified via pathology report to be a glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, medulloblastoma, or anaplastic ependymoma)
Patients must have histologically-confirmed, newly-diagnosed malignant glioma (glioblastoma, gliosarcoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, or anaplastic oligodendroglioma) and are scheduled to receive radiotherapy (for a total of - Gy) and concomitant daily temozolomide therapy (at a dose of  mg/m^ for one complete -week cycle)
Preoperative diagnosis of either presumed first-time low or high grade glioma or recurrent glioma (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, mixed oligo-astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme) or metastasis, or meningioma
Patients diagnosed with anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Patients must have a malignant brain tumor histologically confirmed as: glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, or anaplastic oligodendroglioma, either at initial diagnosis or at the time of tumor relapse (patients treated at relapse do not require re-confirmation of histopathology that was determined at initial diagnosis); or patients must have typical clinical and radiological (MRI) characteristics of a malignant glioma of the brain stem
Patient must have histological verification of one of the eligible diagnosis listed below; biopsy is required at time of diagnosis with the exception of optic pathway tumors and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG); patients with spinal cord disease are eligible if they have a lesion >  cm in  dimensions; the following histologies are eligible:\r\n* Astrocytoma variants: fibrillary, protoplasmic, mixed\r\n* Pilocytic astrocytoma, including pilomyxoid variants\r\n* Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma\r\n* Infantile desmoplastic astrocytoma\r\n* Ganglioneuroma\r\n* Oligodendroglial tumor\r\n* Mixed glioma (including oligoastrocytoma)\r\n* Anaplastic astrocytoma\r\n* Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma\r\n* Anaplastic oligodendroglioma\r\n* Anaplastic ganglioglioma\r\n* Glioblastoma multiforme (including giant cell and gliosarcoma types)\r\n* Medulloblastoma\r\n* Ependymoma\r\n* Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG)\r\n* Other rare malignant CNS tumors (i.e., pinealblastoma, small cell astrocytoma, etc.)
Patients entering into this study will have the presumptive diagnosis of high grade or low grade glioma based on imaging studies, or will have recurrent high-grade or low grade gliomas that have previously undergone diagnosis (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, mixed oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme); both of these groups will be undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection
Patients must have been diagnosed with high-grade glioma:\r\n* World Health Organization (WHO) grade III: anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, or oligoastrocytoma; OR\r\n* WHO grade IV: glioblastoma multiforme; or neuroepithelial tumors of uncertain origin (polar spongioblastoma, astroblastoma, or gliomatosis cerebri)
Subjects must have a clinically documented primary brain tumor for which resection is clinically indicated; individuals with suspected newly diagnosed or recurrent malignant gliomas will be considered eligible for the study; the anticipated histology at resection should include: anaplastic astrocytoma (), anaplastic ependymoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma malignant not otherwise specified (NOS) (), glioblastoma (), glioblastoma multiforme (), or gliosarcoma ()