A contrast enhancing brain tumor that is any of the following:
Patients unable to undergo gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or receive IV contrast for any reason (e.g., due to pacemaker, ferromagnetic implants, claustrophobia, extreme obesity, hypersensitivity)
Patients unable to undergo gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or receive IV contrast for any reason (e.g., due to pacemaker, ferromagnetic implants, claustrophobia, extreme obesity, hypersensitivity)
A history of a severe contrast allergy (i.e. anaphylaxis) not controlled with premedication
History of anaphylactic allergic reactions attributed to agents used in study (i.e. doxirubicin, epirubicin, MRI contrast agents or iodinated contrast agents)
Have a history of allergy to iodinated contrast media
Hypersensitivity to IV contrast; not suitable for pre-medication
A contrast-enhanced MRI must be obtained within  days of the first dose of study treatment
Subjects with an allergy to contrast agents may be enrolled at the treating physicians discretion with appropriate pre-treatment and symptom management
Patients with contraindications to intravenous (IV) contrast administration are still eligible for this study if the tumor can be delineated clearly without IV contrast (at the discretion of the treating radiation oncologist) but will not participate in the functional imaging studies
Has an allergy or hypersensitivity to chili peppers, capsaicin, or radiographic contrast agents.
Subjects must not have a tumor >  cm as measured on prone contrast-enhanced breast MRI
Contraindication to angiography/embolization including:\r\n* Patients cannot receive contrast:\r\n** Severe allergic reaction to contrast despite premedication\r\n** Poor renal function not on dialysis\r\n* Other, based on judgment of the investigator
Patients not eligible to obtain MRI with and without contrast
Contraindication to intravenous (IV) contrast
Multifocal disease (>  lobe of involvement) of discontiguous contrast enhancing disease as seen on conventional MRI
Allergy to X ray contrast agents.
Severe allergy to contrast agent.
Currently on dialysis (if receiving contrast for MRI)
History of allergic reaction to intravenous iodinated contrast media is not contraindication to the study; patients with history of mild allergic reaction to iodinated contrast media will be premedicated with  mg of prednisone orally (p.o.)  and  hours (hrs) before the transarterial chemoperfusion treatment to prevent allergic reaction; patients with history of moderate and severe allergic reaction to iodinated contrast media or patients with history of mild allergic reaction to iodinated contrast media despite adequate premedication will undergo angiogram using carbon dioxide or a gadolinium based contrast agent
Patients who cannot obtain a contrast-enhanced MRI or CT myelogram due to allergy, renal failure or other medical contraindication
Contraindication to MRI scans or intravenous contrast
Patients who received iodinated intravenous contrast as part of a radiographic procedure within  months of study registration; those that have had iodinated intravenous contrast within this time frame may still be eligible if a urinary iodine analysis reveals that the excess iodine has been cleared after the last intravenous contrast administration
Contrast-enhancing tumor which crosses the midline
Tumor(s) are clearly defined on pre-therapy contrast enhanced MRI scans.
More than four metastases by baseline post-contrast MRI
Serum creatinine > . mg/dl (unless using non iodinated contrast or on dialysis)
Serum creatinine >= . mg/dl (unless using non iodinated contrast or on dialysis)
Targeted (most painful) tumors clearly visible by non-contrast MRI, and ExAblate MRgFUS device accessible
NOT visible by non-contrast MRI, OR
Tumor(s) are clearly defined on pre-therapy contrast enhanced MRI scans.
Multifocal disease (>  lobe of involvement) of discontiguous, contrast enhancing disease as seen on conventional MRI.
Patients with known allergy to intravenous iodinated contrast agents
Patients with a contraindication to contrast-enhanced MRI
Presence of a medical device (pacemaker, stent) or allergy that precludes contrast enhanced MRI
Avoid IV contrast media, urinary acidifiers, phenytoin, and fosphenytoin on the day of methotrexate and until the methotrexate level is less than . micromolar ( x - M)
Allergy to or intolerance to iodinated contrast media despite standard of care pre-medication
Documented severe allergic reaction to intravenous (IV) iodinated contrast, specifically bronchospasm and anaphylaxis
Oral or intravenous iodinated contrast administration =<  weeks prior to registration
Patient is unable to receive IV contrast
Inability to get brain MRI +/- contrast
Patients who received iodinated intravenous contrast as part of a radiographic procedure within  months of study registration; those that have had iodinated intravenous contrast within this time frame may still be eligible if a urinary iodine analysis reveals that the excess iodine has been adequately cleared after the last intravenous contrast administration
Patients who have a history of allergy to iodides or iodinated contrast agents
Significant allergic reaction to iodinated contrast
Progressive disease on contrast-enhanced brain computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as defined by MacDonald Criteria, or have documented recurrent glioblastoma on diagnostic biopsy; patients who have been previously treated with bevacizumab therapy that have T-weighted or fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences considered to be progressive disease by the study investigator but have no contrast-enhancing areas of recurrent disease are eligible for Arm C; Arm A patients may continue treatment in the post-operative period even if there is no residual contrast-enhancing tumor after surgery
Targeted tumor is clearly visible by non-contrast MRI
Targeted tumors:\r\n* NOT visible by non-contrast MRI,\r\nOR\r\n* NOT accessible to ExAblate device
Subjects who have received iodinated contrast dye less than  hours prior to screening meet a temporary exclusion criteria to receive metformin; these patients cannot start investigational metformin until  hours have elapsed from contrast administration; subjects who are scheduled for iodinated contrast dye administration within  hours of definitive surgery are excluded
Patients must have abnormal enhancement on contrast enhanced MRI of the brain; they must be patients for whom bevacizumab is indicated and appropriate, as drug will be charged to insurance
Patient must have no contraindication for CT with iodinated contrast
Contrast-enhancing tumor that is any of the following:
Ability to receive intravenous contrast for the purpose of imaging
Measurable disease demonstrating intratumoral arterial enhancement by contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CT), with use of multislice scanners, or contrast enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with at least  tumor lesion that meets the following criteria: located in the liver; can be accurately measured in at least  dimension; well delineated area of viable, hypervascular (contrast enhancement in the arterial phase) tumor that is > centimeter (cm) in the axial plane; suitable for repeat measurement; OR not previously treated with locoregional or systemic treatment unless the lesion shows a well-delineated area of viable (contrast enhancement in the arterial phase) tumor that is > cm in the axial plane. (If the lesion is poorly demarcated or exhibits atypical enhancement as a result of the previous intervention, then it cannot be selected as a target lesion)
History of allergic reactions attributed to:\r\n* Study agent or its metabolites\r\n* Iodinated contrast media
Targeted (treated) tumor clearly visible by non-contrast MRI, and ExAblate MRgFUS device accessible
Targeted (most painful) tumor NOT visible by non-contrast MRI,
Subjects who have received iodinated contrast dye; metformin treatment can be started the day after subjects complete iodinated contrast treatment; if a computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast is scheduled after screening and consent, the metformin treatment should be stopped the day before iodinated contrast administration; metformin can be resumed on the day after last iodinated contrast was administered to the subject
Absolute contraindication to intravenous iodinated contrast (history [Hx] of significant previous contrast reaction, not mitigated by appropriate pre-medication)
Patients allergic to contrast dye used in MRIs or CT scans or who cannot be premedicated for the use of contrast dye
Known hypersensitivity to paclitaxel, Cremophor EL, or iodinated contrast media
Allergy or prior reaction to the fluorescent contrast agent proflavine
Allergy or prior reaction to the fluorescent contrast agent proflavine
Participants who have a known allergy to contrast media.
Participants who have a known allergy to contrast media
Patients with contraindication to the intravenous use of iodinated contrast agent (i.e. allergy to iodinated contrast or severely impaired renal function with a creatinine level >= .)
Previous reactions to iodinated contrast media
Patient must be able to undergo breast MRI with contrast enhancement; patients unable to undergo breast MRI with contrast enhancement for any reason are ineligible\r\n* No history of untreatable claustrophobia\r\n* No presence of non MR compatible metallic objects or metallic objects that, in the opinion of the radiologist, would make MRI a contraindication\r\n* No history of sickle cell disease\r\n* No contraindication to intravenous contrast administration\r\n* No known allergy-like reaction to gadolinium or moderate or severe allergic reactions to one or more allergens as defined by the American College of Radiology (ACR); patient may be eligible if willing to undergo pre-treatment as defined by the institution's policy and/or ACR guidance\r\n* No known or suspected renal impairment; requirements for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prior to MRI as determined by local site standard practice\r\n* Weight less than or equal to the MRI table limit\r\n* No women who have had prior contrast enhanced mammography (contrast enhanced spectral mammography [CESM] or contrast enhanced digital mammography [CEDM])\r\n* No women who have breast prosthetic implants (silicone or saline)
Women who have a contraindication to the intravenous use of iodinated contrast agent (i.e., allergy to iodinated contrast or severely impaired renal function with a creatinine level >= .)
Participants planning to undergo elective radiologic studies involving intravascular administration of iodinated contrast materials
Subjects administered any high energy (> KeV) gamma-emitting radioisotope within five physical half-lives, or any IV iodinated contrast medium within  hours, or any high density oral contrast medium (oral water contrast is acceptable) within  days, prior to study drug injection.
Women who have a contraindication to the intravenous use of iodinated contrast agent (i.e., allergy to iodinated contrast or severely impaired renal function with a creatinine level > . or estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] >= )
Patient must not have contraindication to iodinated contrast
Participants who have documented contra-indications for contrast-enhanced MRI, including but not limited to renal failure
No intravenous (IV) or oral contrast medium within the week prior to enrollment
History of hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast agent
Patients who received iodinated intravenous contrast as part of a radiographic procedure within  months of study registration; those that have had iodinated intravenous contrast for CT imaging within this time frame may still be eligible if a urinary iodine analysis reveals that the excess iodine has been adequately cleared after the last intravenous contrast administration
Subject has an allergy against iodinated contrast agents and cannot be premedicated
For patients with known history of allergic reaction to MR contrast material or abnormal kidney function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <  mL/min), a contrast enhanced exam will not be performed; however, a non-contrast exam may be performed in these patients
History of anaphylactoid reaction to iodinated contrast material
History of iodinated contrast allergy
Any other contraindication to CT with iodinated contrast, as CT with contrast will be used in the study
Intravenous (IV) contrast exposure in the past  month
Patient who require reduced intravenous contrast dose based on the Department of Radiology contrast policy
Patients with a known allergy against any component of the contrast enhancing MR agent will not receive MR contrast agents; (exclusion criterion only for contrast enhanced MRI)
Patients with a contraindication to contrast-enhanced MRI
Patients with a known allergy to MR contrast agents
Known or suspected diagnosis of intracranial glioma with substantial non-enhancing regions as assessed by contrast enhanced MRI; for the purposes of this study, gliomas with substantial non-enhancing regions are defined as having contrast-enhancing volumes of less than % of the total estimated tumor volume; gliomas that do not have any contrast-enhancing regions are eligible for this study
Participants who have a known allergy to contrast media
Previously known allergies against MRI contrast agents (exclusion criterion only for contrast enhanced MRI)
Previous intravenous (IV) contrast allergy
Hypersensitivity to the contrast agent 'Definity'
Patient with allergy to contrast agent
have been allergic to contrast agents;
Patients with allergies to iodinated contrast not amenable to pre-medication
Patients with allergy to iodinated contrast
If agreeing to MRI contrast, participant must not be on dialysis
Allergy to CT contrast media requiring the administration of steroid prophylaxis
Known allergy-like reaction to contrast media (iodinated or extracellular gadolinium that does not have dominant hepatobiliary excretion) or moderate or severe allergic reactions to one or more allergens as defined by the ACR, and unwillingness to undergo pre-treatment as defined by the institutions policy and/or ACR guidance
Subjects with a known contraindication to the standard MRI contrast agent (Gadavist, a gadolinium-based contrast agent) and/or a recent estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of  or less will be excluded from all DCE-MRIs, and will instead receive non-contrast MRIs at the DCE-MRI time points.
Allergy to intravenous CT contrast media
Subjects who have experienced allergic or other adverse reactions in response to intravenous injection of fluorinated radiotracers and other contrast media used in PET/CT
Patient having received any contrast agent within  hours prior to first study contrast agent injection scheduled for the study and patient expected to receive any other contrast agent within  hours of the last study contrast agent injection
Documented or reported contrast allergy
Have a known allergy to iodinated contrast agent
NORMAL VOLUNTEERS: Have a known allergy to iodinated contrast agent
History of anaphylactic reaction attributed to any contrast agent or drugs containing polyethylene glycol (PEG).
History of severe allergic-like reaction to iodinated contrast media
History of anaphylactic reaction attributed to any contrast agent or drugs containing polyethylene glycol (PEG).
History of anaphylactic reaction attributed to any contrast agent or drugs containing polyethylene glycol (PEG).