Patients with newly diagnosed higher risk RCC of any histology including sarcomatoid or (if preoperative biopsy was uninformative) - unknown histology; RCC must have been confirmed by biopsy within months prior to randomization; if the biopsy clearly demonstrated a benign condition or a different type of cancer, the patient is not eligible to be randomized Patients can not have any neuroendocrine histology in pathology Patient must have epithelioid or biphasic histology (sarcomatoid histology is excluded); histologic diagnosis and typing of mesothelioma will require at least a core needle biopsy or surgical biopsy of the pleura via thoracoscopy and small thoracotomy; cytology only will not be regarded as sufficient for the diagnosis Patients with histology consistent with pure SCU must have positive INI/SMARCB staining For Phase , must have one of the following tumor types: recurrent or refractory NSCLC (any histology), or HCC with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ? nanogram/milliliter (ng/mL). Have documented histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced NSCLC with no small cell histology or neuroendocrine histology Histology other than adenocarcinoma Mucinous or tubal histology or other good prognosis histology Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed by histology. Mantle cell lymphoma Any histologies not specifically mentioned must be discussed with medical monitor.For subjects enrolled in the phase portion of study, pathologic samples will be submitted for central confirmation of disease histology. For phase , patients with multifocal low-grade Ta histology will be eligible for participation For phase , individuals with Ta disease only must have documentation of high-grade histology Patients may not have metastatic disease, unless aged - with embryonal histology Neuroendocrine carcinoma or sarcoma histology Pathologic confirmation of eligible histology Patients with carcinosarcoma, mucinous, low grade endometrioid, or low grade serous histology evident on pretreatment biopsy Pathological diagnosis of any solid tumor histology (from any site in the body) Able to understand their disease and the exploratory nature of combining surgery and HIPEC for this histology Patients with multiple primary lung tumors (defined below) are eligible:\r\n* Synchronous tumors (diagnosed within months [mo]),\r\n** Different histology, \r\n** Same histology,\r\n** Second tumor in different lobed or lung;\r\n* Metachronous tumors (diagnosed > mo apart),\r\n** Different histology,\r\n** Same histology,\r\n** Second tumor in different lobe or lung,\r\n** Tumor-free interval of at least years (y) Internal review of histology A pathologically confirmed (histology or cytology) malignant neoplasm that is determined to be well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (i.e. grade or grade ); the primary tumor location should be known or believed to be midgut Subject has predominant histologically or cytologically confirmed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (mixed histology is permissible, as is positivity of serum CgA and CEA) Patients with a histology of lymphoma and myeloma histologies Have unresectable malignant mesothelioma (any histology) Histologically confirmed mPAC (mixed histology is acceptable as long as the predominant histology is pancreatic adenocarcinoma) Known (histology/cytology proven) or evidenced by radiology of recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN not suited for local therapy Craniopharyngioma diagnosed by histology, cytology or neuroimaging or intra-operative assessment Histology showing mucinous or low grade epithelial carcinoma Internal review of histology Biopsy confirmed CD+ CTCL histology Histology other than adenocarcinoma (neuroendocrine or acinar cell) Melanoma or renal histology Glandular abnormalities on cytology or histology Patients with gynecologic malignancy of low-grade serous or borderline histology Pancreatic adenocarcinoma proven either by histology (surgical biopsy) or cytology (CT- or endoscopic-guided) Lobular or mixed ductal and lobular histology Diagnosis of probable pancreatic cancer, distal common bile duct (CBD) cholangiocarcinoma and other periampullary cancers (histology not required) Histologic examination showing invasive lobular histology. Bulky celiac adenopathy (?. cm) or nonadenocarcinoma histology. Presence of measurable disease that has been confirmed by histology or cytology. Subjects with histology other than adenocarcinoma; examples include: neuroendocrine tumors, acinar cell cancer, sarcoma or lymphoma of the pancreas Participants must have classical histology posterior fossa medulloblastoma as determined by institutional neuro-pathological evaluation Epithelioid or biphasic histology subtype (Note: patients with biphasic histology can have < % sarcomatoid) > % Sarcomatoid or desmoplastic histology Radiation sensitive histology such as lymphoma, myeloma, or plasmacytoma are not allowed Since small cell tumors of the bladder are often associated with other variant histology including TCC and adenocarcinoma, the presence of variant histology will be allowed Patients must have histologically confirmed disease that is unresectable and not amenable to curative intent therapy: \r\n* Cohort A: salivary gland cancers (mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoidcystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, or other histology) originating in salivary glands \r\n* Cohort B: thyroid cancer, radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory and after failure, intolerance to or refusal of anti-antiangiogenic therapy, or with evidence of dedifferentiated or anaplastic histology Histology other than astrocytoma grade IV For Stage only, mixed histology i.e. patients with >% non-endometrioid malignant cells in provided histopathology samples. Non-adenocarcinoma histology The invasive component of the tumor has a grade histology Patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) documented by histology or cytology from brushing, washing, or needle aspiration of a defined lesion, but not from sputum cytology alone Subjects with any kind of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) histology documented by histology or cytology from bronchial brushing or washing, or needle aspiration of a defined lesion but not from sputum cytology alone Histology other than adenocarcinoma Able to understand their disease and the exploratory nature of combining surgery and HIPEC for this histology Presence of lymphovascular invasion and/micropapillary disease as shown in the histology of the biopsy sample Subjects with a history of endometrial cancer are eligible only if they presented with a stage lower than A and if the histology was a subtype other than poorly differentiated Must have received at least prior lines of therapy for the treatment of current histology; there are no treatment options available known to provide clinical benefit. Refer to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines of each respective histology for guidance. Carcinomas of the nasopharynx, salivary gland, or nonsquamous cell histology are excluded. Evidence of signet ring involvement on histology Diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma with mucinous histology Diagnosis with confirmed histology of one or more of the following: Histologically-confirmed inoperable superior, medial, or distal third esophageal adenocarcinoma (Siewert type I classification may be included, provided there is no mixed histology) Unequivocally confirmed diagnosis of SCLC by histology or cytology, preferably including the presence of neuroendocrine features by immunohistochemistry Have mixed hepatocellular biliary tract cancer histology. Have unresectable malignant mesothelioma (any histology) Sarcomatoid malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) histology which is known in the literature to not express mesothelin; biphasic MPM is also excluded Unequivocally confirmed diagnosis of SCLC by histology or cytology, preferably including the presence of neuroendocrine features by immunohistochemistry Other pancreatic cancer histology (islet cell, acinar, neuroendocrine tumors) Have radiographic evidence of pulmonary intratumor cavitation, regardless of tumor histology. Any bladder tumor with histology other than TCC. Metastatic or recurrent merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) confirmed by histology Unequivocally confirmed diagnosis of SCLC by histology or cytology, preferably including the presence of neuroendocrine features by immunohistochemistry Evidence of histology of the tumor other than papillary serous adenocarcinoma or endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma or mixed histology of the tumor; Craniopharyngioma diagnosed by histology, cytology or neuroimaging Grade histology Has a documented new diagnosis of SCLC by histology or cytology from brushing, washing, or needle aspiration of a defined lesion. Participants who do not have histology samples (defined as core or excisional biopsy, or resections) will need to undergo a new biopsy to provide a tissue sample. Mucinous or tubal histology or other good prognosis histology Medulloblastoma patients who are >= and < years of age with no more than cm^ of residual tumor and with no evidence of CNS metastasis; medulloblastoma patients in the >= and < years old age group with anaplastic histology, large cell histology, melanotic differentiation, or myogenic differentiation or tumors with MYC or MYCN gain or amplification are excluded; pathology from collaborating institutions patients must be centrally reviewed prior to enrollment for confirmation Subject has histologically confirmed locally advanced, metastatic or unresectable Stage IIIB/IV adenocarcinoma NSCLC (newly diagnosed or recurrent). Subjects with mixed histology are eligible if adenocarcinoma is the predominant histology. Patient must have a histological diagnosis of neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma and be either newly diagnosed with high risk disease or have failed previous treatment:\r\n* Patients who have failed previous treatment may have had no more than one earlier autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant\r\n* High risk is defined as any of the following scenarios:\r\n** Stage A/B, any age , amplified myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived (avian) (MYCN) , any ploidy , any International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC) histology\r\n** Stage , any age , amplified MYCN , any ploidy, any INPA histology\r\n** Stage , age >= days , not amplified MYCN, any ploidy , unfavorable INPA histology\r\n** Stage , age < days , amplified MYCN, any ploidy, any INPA histology \r\n** Stage , age - < days , amplified MYCN, any ploidy , any INPA histology\r\n** Stage , age - < days , any MYCN , ploidy (DI) = , any INPA histology\r\n** Stage , age - < days , any MYCN, any ploidy, unfavorable INPA histology\r\n** Stage , age >= days , any MYCN, any ploidy, any INPA histology\r\n** Stage S , age < days , amplified MYCN, any ploidy, any INPA histology Histologically proven malignant pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma of epithelioid or biphasic histology Sarcomatoid histology Histology grades , or a Pancreatic tumor histology other than carcinoma (e.g. islet cell, lymphoma, etc.) The participant has radiographic evidence of intratumor cavitation, regardless of tumor histology Malignant germ cell tumors with mixed histology such as embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor or seminoma. Note - this refers to the histology at the time of enrollment, not the histolgy at the time of initial presentation. Subjects with NSCLC of predominantly squamous histology documented by histology or cytology from brushing, washing or needle aspiration of a defined lesion but not from sputum cytology alone Tumors with papillary histology: includes unclassified histology with papillary features and must be ENPP positive at pre-screening. This sub-group does not have any prior therapy requirement. Patients with one of the following diagnoses by histological diagnoses and by head and spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):\r\n* Classic histology metastatic medulloblastoma\r\n* Desmoplastic histology metastatic medulloblastoma\r\n* High-risk supratentorial, non-metastatic, PNET\r\n* Metastatic PNET Anaplastic histology will be excluded No collecting duct, medullary or sarcomatoid histology. Mixed histology of the tumor or evidence of tumor histology other than serous carcinoma or endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma; Documented pancreas cancer by cytology, or histology Radiosensitive histology with planned RT dose less than gray. Completely resected NSCLC with negative margins (R); cancers with a histology of adenosquamous are considered a type of adenocarcinoma and thus a nonsquamous histology; patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible only if the registering site has EA IRB approved Multiple prior breast biopsies regardless of histology Diagnosis must be documented by histology or cytology from brushings, washings, or needle aspiration of a defined lesion but not from sputum cytology Patient's malignancy is consistent with well differentiated neuroendocrine (carcinoid) histology Malignancy consistent with a neuroendocrine histology Those participants requiring surgical intervention for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes as necessary for their disease are eligible; the tissue may be assessed by histology and/or EM for iron particles; only clinically indicated biopsy and/or surgery will be done Histology other than adenocarcinoma Patients malignancy consistent with well differentiated (carcinoid) neuroendocrine histology Patient has two separate same histology lung tumors (where the question of two separate primaries or metastatic disease makes definitive clinical staging inaccurate) Patients with histology other than adenocarcinoma, e.g., neuroendocrine cancer or acinar cancers, are ineligible* Histological diagnosis other than PTC; patients with anaplastic tumors are not eligible; however, patients whose tumors contain areas of un-differentiated or dedifferentiated histology may enroll provided the original diagnosis was clearly PTC, and the tumor histology remains predominantly papillary at enrollment Has a metastatic neuroendocrine histology with MSKCC pathology confirmation as moderately or poorly differentiated or intermediate or high grade Participants must possess at least two of the following clinical characteristics which enrich for EGFR mutations:\r\n* Smoked less than pack years\r\n* Asian race\r\n* Adenocarcinoma (including adenosquamous carcinoma) on histology or cytology