Patients must not have received any prior radiation to the bladder for bladder cancer
Prior bladder-directed radiotherapy.
Histologic confirmation of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer of the transitional cell carcinoma high-grade subtype
Participant has a history of bladder cancer (including in situ bladder cancer)
Patients must have stage cT-Ta N M disease; clinical T stage is based on the transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) sample, exam under anesthesia and cross-sectional imaging studies; patients must undergo cystoscopy and TURBT as part of the staging procedure within  days prior to registration; to exclude non-bulky/low-risk tumors, subjects must have documented muscle invasion with at least one of the following:\r\n* Disease measuring at least  mm on cross-sectional imaging; bladder thickening on imaging, by itself, is not adequate\r\n* The presence of tumor-associated hydronephrosis
Diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Evidence of bladder perforation during diagnostic cystoscopy.
Prior therapeutic radiation to the bladder
Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology as high grade non-muscle invasive urothelial (transitional cell carcinoma) of the bladder as follows:\r\n* Carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors\r\n* High-grade Ta or T disease based on a biopsy/Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) performed within  weeks of the initial dose of study treatment; if multiple bladder biopsies/TURBTs are required to confirm eligibility, the timing of the last bladder biopsy to the initial dose of study treatment must be within  weeks\r\n* Patients with persistent T high grade disease on TURBT following a single induction course of BCG (at least  of  doses) may also be eligible for this trial provided that the patient is surgically unfit for cystectomy as deemed by the investigator or the patient declines cystectomy
Patient must have a clinical diagnosis of low- to intermediate-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer according to the  American Urological Association (AUA) Guidelines, except for strongly-suspected PUNLMP.
Patient with a history of previous bladder cancer:
Patient has a tumor in the bladder diverticulum
Diffuse bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS) that was not able to be encompassed in a boost radiotherapy volume
Patient must undergo TraceIT hydrogel placement within  weeks prior to starting radiation therapy for bladder cancer
Treatment for metastatic bladder cancer
Has a diagnosis of low grade (G or G), uni- or multifocal papillary appearing bladder tumor, stage Ta.
Has a tumor in a bladder diverticulum
Patients must have a histologically documented recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (THG, THG after repeat transurethral resection [reTUR]) or BCG refractory; if patient has received BCG they can be Ta, Tis, or T)\r\n* Note: Gross disease is not allowed, however positive urine cytology and carcinoma in situ is permitted
Cohort A  T, Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) muscle invasive bladder cancer, (patients who are cisplatin ineligible, decline neoadjuvant and/or ineligible for neoadjuvant chemotherapy); must have histological proof of T, muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with no evidence of metastatic; patient with any degree of fixation of the pelvic sidewall are not eligible
Pathologically (histologically) proven diagnosis of non-muscle invasive (Ta, Tis or T) bladder cancer
Not have a prior history of non-bladder cancer unless the cancer is clinically stable
Have muscle-invasive (>= T) bladder cancer
History of bladder cancer
Recurrent high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after prior intravesical BCG therapy meeting all of the following criteria: \r\n* Histologically documented diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma confirmed by the Department of Pathology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)\r\n* Documentation of activating FGFR mutation or gene fusion on an assay performed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)-certified laboratory\r\n* History of high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)\r\n* Clinical evidence of high-grade, stage pTa NMIBC\r\n* Prior intravesical therapy with at least one induction course of BCG\r\n* Multiple papillary lesions with at least one amenable to marker tumor study (=<  cm, non-invasive; or could be partially resected to leave a non-invasive lesion =<  cm) OR solitary papillary lesion amenable to marker tumor study (=<  cm, non-invasive)
Evidence of >  tumors present in the bladder
BCG-unresponsive high risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after treatment with adequate BCG therapy
Received intervening intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy from the time of most recent cystoscopy / Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) to starting study treatment
Have suspected or known invasive (>= T) bladder cancer
Have non-invasive (< T) bladder cancer
History of, or active bladder cancer
History of diagnosis of neurogenic bladder requiring intermittent catheterization.
BLADDER: Histological documentation of urothelial cancer either on outside transurethral bladder biopsy or on initial transurethral bladder biopsy at MD Anderson under PA-
Non-muscle invasive, localized bladder cancer (Tis, Ta, T)
Prior systemic chemotherapy for bladder cancer; prior intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is allowed
Secondary Treatment (eg, adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for bladder cancer) following surgical removal of bladder cancer
Diagnosis of presumed non-muscle invasive bladder cancer based on office based cystoscopy (primary or recurrent), and planned transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)
Pathologically (histologically) proven diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the bladder (transitional cell cancer) within  weeks of registration; operable patients whose tumors are primary carcinomas of the bladder and exhibit histologic evidence of muscularis propria invasion and are American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical stages T-Ta, Nx or N, M
Patients must have an adequately functioning bladder after thorough evaluation by a urologist and have undergone as thorough a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor as is judged safely possible
Mental status changes or bladder control problems that make the patient unable to comply with bladder-filling instructions
Gall bladder disease or bile duct disease
Current systemic therapy for bladder cancer
Bladder Cancer
Prior radiation therapy to the bladder
Severe neurogenic bladder
Untreated bladder stones
Patients must have pathologically confirmed non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) high grade disease (HG), as defined by the  WHO classification system
Previous systemic chemotherapy or radiation for bladder cancer. Note: Prior immunotherapy or intravesical (administered within the bladder) chemotherapy for superficial disease is acceptable
Urinary tract infection, including particularly bladder infection, must be resolved prior to being placed on study
Histologically or cytologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma of the bladder or mixed histology bladder cancer
benign low grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Subjects with bladder inflammation and urinary outflow obstruction.
Bladder cancer
Prior radiation therapy to the bladder
Any invasive bladder tumor known to be other than tumor Ta, G-G.
Patient has a tumor in a bladder diverticulum.
Patient has carcinoma primary to the intra- or extra-hepatic biliary system or gall bladder.
Histologically or cytologically confirmed non-muscle invasive bladder cancer [Ta, T or Tis (CIS)] that has been removed by transurethral resection
Neo-adjuvant therapy prior to baseline staging procedures for the current occurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Prior radiation therapy to the bladder
Patients with cystoscopically detected bladder tumors requiring TURBT
Patients with hydronephrosis secondary to bladder cancer
Patients with diffuse tumor throughout bladder that is deemed unresectable by surgeon
Use of cidofovir for bladder instillation
functional bladder problems defined as IPSS > ;
After a restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), patients with histologically proven primary high grade and/or pT transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, with or without pTis and pTis alone are regarded as being at high risk for tumor recurrence and progression
Previous muscle-invasive (i.e., stage T or higher) transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder
Bladder capacity of less than  ml
Participants must have a confirmed or suspected invasive or non-invasive bladder tumor (initial or recurrent) discovered on cystoscopy or radiologic imaging performed within  days of randomization
Prior radiation therapy to the bladder
Carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
History of kidney, ureteral, or bladder stones within the last  years
Part B: Have a diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Have a history of muscle invasive bladder cancer
Participants who are clearly disease-free after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)
At least  months must have passed since last BCG therapy or intravesical treatment for bladder carcinoma.
Major surgery (requiring the use of a general anesthetic) within  weeks of study enrollment with the exception of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)
Presence of a muscle invasive bladder tumor(s) (T), specific for transitional cell carcinoma on pre-operative histology (i.e. biopsy or transurethral resection of bladder tumor [TURBT]).
Presence of a single bladder tumor lesion
Patients with presence of multiple bladder lesions
Have a history of bladder neck contracture,
Patients who present to the urology clinic for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer will be screened for participation in this pilot study (goal of  patients); patients who have completed transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and are candidates for intravesical therapy are eligible for inclusion
Diagnosis of bladder cancer
History of diagnosis of neurogenic bladder.
Prior open or laparoscopic/robotic bladder or prostate surgery
Grade G - G bladder cancer
Male and female patients who present to the urology clinic for recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) or muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and are candidates for radical cystectomy will be screened for participation
Subjects with current or suspected urinary tract or bladder infection(s);
Currently being treated or scheduled to have radiation treatment for bladder cancer during the study
Scheduled to have surgery for bladder cancer during the study
Bladder cancer
Clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer
Patient with known bladder cancer
Bladder cancer (current or prior)
Patients who have bladder tumors of stage >= T; or
Patients who have had cystectomies for bladder cancer; or
Have a history of invasive (>= T) bladder cancer
Bladder cancer (current or prior)
Patients must have biopsy-proven bladder cancer
Known bladder outlet obstruction.
Histologically confirmed muscle-invasive urothelial cancer of the bladder within  days of study enrollment\r\n* Patients must be willing to provide a TURBT specimen during screening and prior to enrollment if adequate specimen (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] tissue block or  unstained slides) from initial TURBT documenting muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer is not available