Must be in first or second recurrence (including this recurrence)
Must have had progression or recurrence of urothelial cancer during or following receipt of most recent therapy.
In both the above cases, the lesion considered at highest risk for recurrence based on the investigator's discretion will be used for eligibility determination
Patients who received chemotherapy directed at the present recurrence
If primary disease in the thoracic cavity was previously treated with local therapy in the form of surgery, any local/regional disease recurrence should be technically treatable with SBRT or hypofractionated radiation after induction systemic therapy.
The primary tumor site must be controlled prior to registration\r\n* For those who present with synchronous primary and oligometastatic disease, primary must be controlled prior to registration\r\n* The definition of control is definitive surgery by excision or mastectomy (+/- radiotherapy) per institution preference\r\nFor those who present with local recurrence and oligometastatic disease, local recurrence must be controlled prior to registration\r\n* The definition of control is definitive surgery by excision or mastectomy (+/- radiotherapy) per institution preference
Pathologic evidence of active primary disease or local/regional breast tumor recurrence at the time of registration;
Patient must either have recurrence of CNS GCT or should be refractory to initial therapy
Patient has had more than one recurrence or progression of their tumors.
Patients must have measurable or non-measurable (evaluable) disease recurrence\r\n* Recurrence must be documented based on a combination of clinical and imaging parameters, consistent with routine clinical practice, with or without histologic confirmation\r\n* Patients may have had any number of relapses and be eligible for the study
Has documented disease-free interval (DFI) >  weeks after completion of initial therapy; DFI is from the time of completion of initial treatment (from date last known disease-free at end of initial treatment) to the diagnosis of local or loco-regional recurrence
Subjects with any recurrence (first, second, third, etc recurrence) will be able to be enrolled
Patients who have PSA recurrence after local salvage therapy may participate in this study
Patients may not have therapy for this recurrence (including radiation)
Participants must be in first recurrence or have disease that is primarily refractory to conventional therapy
Endometrial cancer\r\n* Patients at a higher risk of recurrence (because of either grade, myometrial invasion, lymphatic vascular space invasion, tumor size, lymph node status, tumor extension, presence or absence of surgical staging)\r\n* Patients who have suffered a recurrence at the vaginal cuff\r\n* Patients who are unable to undergo surgery and must have treatment for an inoperable primary endometrial cancer
Second primary malignancy within the last  years, unless treated definitively and with low risk of recurrence in the judgment of the treating investigator
Has current or a history of any distant metastatic disease (including brain); an isolated or oligo-metastatic regional recurrence may be allowed if all other criteria are met, curative attempt is being pursued and if PI approval is granted
Patients with persistent disease and local recurrence must not be amenable to local treatment.
Patients with concurrent second malignancy. Persons with previous malignancies effectively treated and not requiring treatment for > months are eligible, provided there is unambiguous documentation that current local recurrence or metastatic site represents recurrence of the primary breast malignancy.
BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE COHORT
Biochemical recurrence within one year of completion of radiotherapy
Histologic or cytologic diagnosis of NSCLC who have received previous intrathoracic radiation therapy with definitive intent and have a tumor recurrence in or near the prior irradiation fields; re-biopsy of the recurrence is not required and is left to the discretion of the treating physician, although every effort should be made to confirm recurrence pathologically
Patients with concurrent second malignancy. Persons with previous malignancies effectively treated and not requiring treatment for > months are eligible, provided there is unambiguous documentation that current local recurrence or metastatic site represents recurrence of the primary breast malignancy.
Patients must have local or metastatic recurrence of IBC after prior surgery
Prior therapy with gamma knife or other focal high-dose radiotherapy is allowed, but the patient must have subsequent histologic documentation of recurrence, unless the recurrence occurs remote from the treated site
Prior therapy with gamma knife or other focal high-dose radiation is allowed, but at least  weeks must have elapsed from the time of treatment, and the patient must have subsequent histologic documentation of recurrence, unless the recurrence is a new lesion outside the irradiated field.
Patient must have imaging findings within the last  months consistent with recurrent disease in the brain; pathologic diagnosis of recurrence is not required
Recurrence of glioblastoma (GBM) since completion of most recent therapy; recurrence must be documented by diagnostic biopsy or contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed within  days prior to entering the study per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria
Patients with GBM or anaplastic astrocytoma must be at first or second recurrence (including this recurrence) or have progressed following initial definitive multimodal therapy with surgery, temozolomide, and radiation (confirmed by diagnostic biopsy with local pathology review or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). If first recurrence is documented by MRI, an interval of at least  weeks after the end of prior radiation therapy is required, unless there is either histopathologic confirmation of recurrent tumor or new enhancement on MRI outside the radiotherapy treatment field.
There must be an interval of at least  weeks from the completion of radiotherapy to study registration except if there is unequivocal evidence for tumor recurrence per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria; when the interval is less than  weeks from the completion of radiotherapy, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) scan is allowed to differentiate between evidence of tumor recurrence and pseudoprogression
Documentation of recurrence/progression/residual disease following prior therapy
Progression or recurrence of breast cancer while on or after aromatase inhibitor treatment
Patient must either have recurrence of ICGCT or should be refractory to initial therapy
Patients with histologically confirmed, non-central nervous system (CNS) solid malignancies who have been previously radiated and have a tumor recurrence in or near prior radiation fields; re-biopsy of the recurrence is not required and left to the discretion of the treating physician, although every effort should be made to confirm recurrence
If subjects have not passed an interval of at least  months, they may still be eligible if they meet the following criteria: convincing histologic evidence of disease recurrence which is not thought to predominantly represent radionecrosis, standard focal external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) treatment with acceptable doses to tumor and normal tissue which suggest re-irradiation is feasible; these cases of early recurrence must be reviewed and approved by the study PI for enrollment into the trial
No prior malignancy is allowed except for cancers that have been definitively treated with a risk of recurrence of < % based on the treating oncologists assessment
Repeat surgery for recurrence of disease
Histological evidence of primary stage III or IV or recurrent endometrial carcinoma who have had definitive surgery for endometrial cancer (at least hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy); pathologic documentation of the recurrence (i.e., biopsy) is required if there is only a single site of disease on imaging and that site is less than  cm; if a subject with recurrence is undergoing a biopsy for clinical indications and is willing and able, an optional collection of  frozen tissue cores of the recurrence site is requested for correlative analysis
Subjects who have a solitary central pelvic recurrence which can be curatively resected
Patients with concurrent local and pulmonary recurrence at the time of enrollment; note: patients who had local recurrence previously that has been treated and now present with an isolated pulmonary recurrence and meet the surgical resection criteria stated above will be eligible
Patients with CNS disease or other sites of extra-pulmonary metastases at the time of most recent episode of disease recurrence preceding enrollment
Evidence of local recurrence in the prostate bed
Patients must have received prior trastuzumab for >  month period before disease recurrence or recurrence or progression while on trastuzumab-based therapy
Recurrence score (RS) by Oncotype DX must be =< 
For patients with Grade IV GBM, recurrent disease at the time of the first or second recurrence or progression. For patients with Grade III anaplastic gliomas, recurrent disease at the time of at least a first recurrence but no more than a fourth recurrence or progression
A cancer diagnosed and definitively treated ?  years before randomization with no subsequent evidence of recurrence
Patient has recurrence or progression of disease during or after AI therapy (i.e. letrozole, anastrozole, exemestane).
Clinical and radiologic assessments that are negative for local or regional recurrence of disease or metastatic disease at the time of study entry, including
Disease must be considered incurable; incurable is defined as metastatic disease or a local or regional recurrence in a previously irradiated site that is unresectable (or patient declines resection)
Prior therapy with gamma knife or other focal high-dose radiotherapy is allowed, but the patient must have subsequent histologic documentation of recurrence, unless the recurrence is a new lesion outside the irradiated field.
Surgery must have confirmed the recurrence
Experienced progression/recurrence of disease during or subsequent to the most recent anti-cancer regimen.
Patient may have been operated for recurrence. If operated: residual and measurable disease after surgery is required;
Recurrence while on, or within  months of end of adjuvant treatment with letrozole or anastrozole, or
disease recurrence within  months of BCG maintenance OR
History of local and/or regional and/or distant melanoma recurrence
Prior therapy with gamma knife or other focal high-dose radiation is allowed, but at least  weeks must have elapsed from the time of treatment, and the patient must have subsequent post-radiotherapy histologic documentation of recurrence in the irradiated field, unless the recurrence is a new lesion outside the irradiated field.
Patients with previous solid and hematologic tumors, that have been treated with no evidence of recurrence within the last  years, are permitted.
History of other carcinoma =<  years; exception: if risk of recurrence is known to be under % at time of randomization
Patients may sign screening consent during recurrence or at time of remission if they can start vaccine therapy within  months of completing chemotherapy
Recurrence may occur after any treatment: recurrence after whole-brain radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy are all acceptable
Progression or recurrence after treatment
There has been no evidence of recurrence of any prior malignancies for at least FIVE years (except for successfully treated cervical or non-melanoma skin cancer with no evidence of recurrence), and
Histologically or cytologically confirmed non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that has recurred at locoregional and/or distant sites; NOTE: patients with local recurrence at the bony skull-base as the only site of index disease are excluded; patients with locoregional recurrence without distant metastases must have undergone radical radiotherapy previously
Baseline Oncotype Dx recurrence score =< 
Subject has refractory disease or developed recurrence after therapy with a BCR PI
Stratum : patients must have received radiation therapy, which may include gamma knife or phosphorus- (P)\r\n* More than  months from the time of enrollment if the recurrence is predominantly solid\r\n* More than  months from the time of enrollment if the recurrence is predominantly cystic
There must be an interval of at least  weeks from the completion of radiotherapy to study registration except if there is unequivocal evidence for tumor recurrence per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria; when the interval is less than  weeks from the completion of radiotherapy, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) scan is allowed to differentiate between unequivocal evidence of tumor recurrence and pseudo progression
Patients must have measurable or non-measurable (evaluable) disease recurrence\r\n* Recurrence must be documented based on a combination of clinical and imaging parameters, consistent with routine clinical practice, with or without histologic confirmation\r\n* Patients may have had any number of relapses and be eligible for the study
Positive clinical and radiologic assessments for local or regional recurrence of disease at the time of study entry.
Patients must have shown unequivocal evidence for tumor recurrence or progression by MRI scan and should have failed radiation therapy. The scan done prior to study entry documenting progression will be reviewed by the treating physician to document changes in tumor dimension to confirm recurrence. Patients with prior therapy that included interstitial brachytherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery must have confirmation of true progressive disease rather than radiation necrosis.
Patients who have had a previous malignancy unless they are deemed by their treating physicians to be at low risk for recurrence
Have received at least one any prior treatment for local recurrence or metastatic disease and have relapsed
Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed locally advanced breast cancer that is refractory to chemotherapy or other therapeutic agents or with a history of breast cancer with new evidence of a local recurrence (defined as a chest wall or breast recurrence and/or nodal recurrence); the diagnosis will be made based on clinical and pathologic features
First recurrence (based on radiological or histological evidence of recurrence)
Second or subsequent recurrence
Patients with: a) active infection, b) disease that will obscure toxicity or dangerously alter drug metabolism, c) serious intercurrent medical illness, d) prior documented recurrence with temozolomide
History of cancer (other than GBM) within the past  years that has metastatic or local recurrence potential and could negatively impact survival and/or potentially confound tumor response assessments within this study.
Subjects that have had more than one disease recurrence
more than  recurrences including present recurrence
The recurrence to be treated needs to be the st or nd recurrence of the AG or GBM
Patients may have had treatment (including radiotherapy) for any number of relapses prior to this recurrence
Other than surgery, patients may not have therapy for this recurrence (including radiation); supportive care such as steroids or anti-epileptics does not constitute treatment of recurrence
Patient had recurrence of osteosarcoma, localized to the lungs, had complete surgical removal of all lung nodules are eligible for enrollment.
Patient had recurrence of osteosarcoma in the lung following standard therapy including: adriamycin, cisplatin, ifosfamide and methotrexate.
Within - years post-active treatment for initial diagnosis or recurrence
Evidence of breast cancer recurrence or metastasis
Current recurrence of their breast cancer (BC) (local or distant)
Have not had recurrence
Recurrence of breast cancer
Have not had a cancer recurrence
Malignant tumors other than HNC within the last  years, unless treated definitively and with low risk of recurrence in the judgment of the treating investigator
No local or distant recurrence of their breast cancer
Evidence of active progression of disease or recurrence
Have not experienced a cancer recurrence, and
Additionally, at time of enrollment, participants must be post-treatment (with the exception of adjuvant therapy) for their primary cancer and not actively undergoing treatment for a secondary, metastatic, or recurrence of cancer (local or distant)
No evidence of recurrence
Patients with local disease recurrence would be excluded from the trial
May be receiving maintenance therapy that has a goal of prevention of recurrence but there should be no expectations for further active treatment
Evidence of biochemical recurrence
Evidence of tumor recurrence/progression by MRI (RANO criteria) post standard initial therapy.
Other completely resected stage  solid tumor with low risk for recurrence
Known recurrence of breast cancer (local, regional or distant) at any time prior to study entry.
Patient must not have planned treatment with immunotherapies (vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, T-cells); if the patients most recent recurrence occurs while on immunotherapy, this must be judged as true recurrence using Immunotherapy Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (iRANO) criteria
Sufficient tumor specimen thought to be available to meet the minimum requirements for profiling from diagnosis or progression/recurrence; OR
If prior treatment with radiation or ablative therapy, evidence of recurrence outside the confines of prior treated site(s) is needed.
Patients presenting with a CNS tumor presumed to be resectable and are at risk for local recurrence on pre-operative assessment
Evidence of prostate cancer recurrence (biochemical relapse by the Phoenix definition, enlarging palpable prostatic abnormality, imaging evidence strongly suggestive of local failure)
Patients who initiated androgen deprivation therapy or other systemic therapy (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy) for PSA recurrence; nutritional supplements used for treatment of PSA recurrence will be allowed
Participants will be excluded if they have a recurrence that requires anti-cancer treatment
Evidence of biochemical recurrence
The patient must be at low- or low-intermediate risk for disease recurrence and progression according to the EAU guidelines
Patients with local regional recurrence only or brain only metastasis.