More than two prior lines (may be combination regimens) of chemotherapy for angiosarcoma (neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment does not count as a line of treatment) Completed at least cycles of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy containing anthracyclines, taxanes or the combination of both; prior platinum as potentially curative treatment for prior cancer (e.g. ovarian) or as adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment for breast cancer is allowed; (for neoadjuvant patients all chemotherapy should be delivered prior to surgery; no further cycles of chemotherapy post-surgery are allowed) First-line patients who have disease progression within months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy. RANDOMIZED PHASE II CLINICAL TRIAL: Patients may have received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without carboplatin or gemcitabine before randomization with an interval not less than months since completion of adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatment Unresolved toxicity from all radiation, adjuvant/ neoadjuvant chemotherapy, other targeted treatment including investigational treatment No limit on prior lines of therapy for metastatic disease; prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not count as a prior line of therapy as long as completion of the adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy was more than year prior to patient enrollment Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer except if administered in neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting Prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy is allowed provided administered in the curative setting in patients with localized disease Have received prior platinum therapy in the past months (Part ) or months in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting (Part ). Patients who have received a total of at least weeks of trastuzumab therapy (including neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings) There is no restriction on the use of fluoropyrimidine-containing regimen in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy delivered before radiation Disease recurrence less than months from the last dose of prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (including VEGF-R TKI) Patients should be chemotherapy naive in the stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) setting, with the exception of chemotherapy for neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment that completed at least months before the study treatment Patients may have received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab and pertuzumab with an interval greater than months since completion of adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatment Completion of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy Prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for localized or locally advanced RCC is allowed provided recurrence occurred = or > months after the last dose of the adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy Must have received at least prior systemic therapy for advanced disease (does not include adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy in a curative setting) Patients who received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (after surgery and/or radiation therapy) and developed recurrent or metastatic disease within months of completing therapy are eligible and the adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy will count as a line of therapy as above At least one prior line of systemic therapy for the sarcoma diagnosis (neoadjuvant, adjuvant or metastatic disease) Any neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy regimen is permitted; prior chemotherapy for the treatment of this breast cancer is not required Prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for RCC if disease progression or relapse has occurred during or within months after the last dose of treatment. Patients who have had surgery or radiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (the wash-out period will be at least month) No prior first line systemic treatment (prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment is permitted); subjects whose disease has progressed after months of last systemic chemotherapy or chemo-radiation in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting are eligible Stage I of the trial: newly diagnosed disease for which neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy is planned in the curative setting, or metastatic disease Treatment by imatinib as neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy within weeks prior baseline Subjects whose adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment for early stage breast cancer was completed within months prior to entry into the study. No prior systemic therapy for RCC with the following exception: i) One prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for completely resectable RCC if such therapy did not include an agent that targets VEGF or VEGF receptors and if recurrence occurred at least months after the last dose of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy Completed last cycle of chemotherapy (which can be given in the adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant setting) >= days but not >= days prior to randomization Patients who have not received prior neoadjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy must be ineligible for or refuse cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy Prior therapy:\r\n* At least prior chemotherapy regimen for treatment of metastatic breast cancer, and/or\r\n* Recurrence within months of completion of neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy, and/or\r\n* For patients with inflammatory breast cancer but no distant metastases, progression through standard (anthracycline- and taxane-based) neoadjuvant chemotherapy is required Prior treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy is not a requirement, but allowed only if used in neoadjuvant, adjuvant or for bladder preserving protocols, as long as was administered > months prior to starting study No prior neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy for DCIS diagnosis Patients must not have received any prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer; prior cytotoxic chemotherapy with curative intent in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting is allowed; at least years must have elapsed since completion of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant setting The participant has disease progression during or within months after last dose of first-line chemotherapy or during or within months after the last dose of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. Patient has completed multi-agent adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy of ? cycles or ? weeks which included taxanes prior to screening Regimens received in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting or for locally advanced breast cancer within the past months will also be considered toward the maximum of prior lines of therapy. Adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy for one cancer event will count as one prior line of therapy, if received within the past months. Prior systemic therapy for this type of sarcoma; neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy more than two years prior would not apply Prior neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or palliative chemotherapy for ATC is allowed. Participant has received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy (including chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy) for NSCLC, except for adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy accompanied by surgery with curative intent that was completed one year prior to Cycle Day -. Prior ADT given for < months in duration and > months before randomization as neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy. Patients must have had prior treatment with anthracyclines and/or taxanes (resistant) or platinum including adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy Individuals who have received only neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma Prior chemotherapy for advanced BC. Previous adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy is allowed (carboplatin, cisplatin or gemcitabine only if > months has passed since last administration). Patient has received prior treatment with chemotherapy (except for neoadjuvant/ adjuvant chemotherapy), fulvestrant or any CDK/ inhibitor. Prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with a non steroidal aromatase inhibitor (ie, anastrozole or letrozole) with disease recurrence while on or within months of completing treatment Prior therapy with interferon alfa (in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic settings) (Part A only) Must have completed preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy. NOTE: Acceptable preoperative regimens include an anthracycline or a taxane, or both. Patients may NOT have received cisplatin as part of their neoadjuvant therapy regimen. Patients who received preoperative therapy as part of a clinical trial may enroll. No adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery other than that specified in this protocol is allowed. Adjuvant bisphosphonate use is allowed. Did not receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both) for their disease within the last months Prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for RCC if disease progression or relapse has occurred during or within months after the last dose of treatment The participant has documented disease progression during or within months after the last dose of first-line chemotherapy for metastatic disease, or during or within months after the last dose of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer, except if administered in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting Prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy if disease progression or relapse has occurred during or within months after the last dose of treatment Participants who received prior adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy and progressed within months of treatment with a platinum-containing adjuvant/neoadjuvant regimen were considered as second-line participants. Have received prior treatment with chemotherapy (except for neoadjuvant/ adjuvant chemotherapy), fulvestrant, everolimus, or any CDK/ inhibitor Subject has received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy (including definitive chemoradiotherapy) for NSCLC, except for adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Progression after neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum based chemotherapy if the recurrence occurred while on neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy or within months since the last administration of such therapy. Patients may have received prior neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant hormonal therapy, for non-metastatic disease but it must not have lasted for more than months; at least months must have elapsed since completion of androgen deprivation therapy in the neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant setting Patients with a history of prior neoadjuvant/adjuvant hormone therapy are eligible provided they have received twenty four or less months of hormone treatment (single or combination treatment, excluding orchiectomy); neoadjuvant/adjuvant hormone therapy must have been discontinued at least months prior to registration; this is intended to exclude patients who might have been rendered indirectly androgen insensitive Prior platinum allowed as long as no breast cancer progression occurred on treatment or if given in adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting at least months from last dose to study entry elapsed. Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer except if administered in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting Active second cancer other than specified; active cancer refers to cancer that requires systemic chemotherapy or biological therapy within months of the study entry; patients who have received only hormonal therapy in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting in the past months may participate in this study PRE-REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA: Planning to receive best practice adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to institutional guidelines; adjuvant tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors treatment will be allowed for hormone receptor-positive patients; patients who have failed neoadjuvant endocrine therapy will also be eligible Evidence of disease progression documented within months after completion of prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy, or both, or radiotherapy for GEJ adenocarcinoma Patients receiving preoperative (Neoadjuvant) and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (within weeks of surgery) with the same agent(s) will be considered to have received a single chemotherapy regimen. Patients may have received prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant endocrine therapy. In the case of neoadjuvant or adjuvant NSAI (letrozole/anastrozole) therapy patients must have completed therapy at least year prior to study enrollment. One prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for localized or locally advanced RCC is allowed provided recurrence occurred ? months after the last dose of the adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy Prior neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer is allowed Patients who have progressed/recurred following neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy for earlier stage disease, if completed within the previous months, are eligible. Prior neoadjuvant/adjuvant hormonal or chemotherapy is allowed if it was last used > months prior to enrollment Progression/recurrence within months after completion of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy Neoadjuvant/adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy initiated < months prior to study randomization will be counted as one prior treatment Neoadjuvant/adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy initiated ? months prior to study randomization will not be counted as one prior chemotherapy treatment For subjects receiving adjuvant therapy only, subjects must not have received prior neoadjuvant treatment. Endocrine treatment for less than days prior to surgery is not considered prior neoadjuvant treatment Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma Prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant systemic therapy within months of randomization Adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for AGC is allowed. At least months since prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy The last course of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy must have ended > months prior to colorectal cancer recurrence Relapsed or refractory (lack of response) to ? course of systemic therapy regimen(s), excluding adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and is incurable by either surgery or radiation. Disease recurrence within one year after neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum-based systemic chemotherapy, measured from the date of last dose of chemotherapy or surgery until the day the informed consent is signed Disease progression while receiving trastuzumab and/or lapatinib in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting Disease-free interval from completion of adjuvant or neoadjuvant systemic non-hormonal treatment to recurrent disease of less than months If prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the last dose of adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment was administered at least months prior to randomization. Patients who had adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for non-metastatic disease given within the last months. Relapse or failure of one first line chemotherapy (in the case of recurrent disease one additional prior regimen is allowed for adjuvant, neoadjuvant or neoadjuvant plus adjuvant therapy). Prior taxanes (except for adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy more than months prior to treatment day ) (phase II) Scheduled to begin an appropriate adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen as defined by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines Cohort : First-line soft tissue sarcoma of intermediate or high grade. Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy allowed if no tumor recurrence for at least months since the last measurement, beginning or end of last chemotherapy. Scheduled to undergo neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant endocrine therapy Post neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, if prescribed Prior chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting Scheduled to receive chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting Currently receiving taxane-based chemotherapy (either adjuvant or neoadjuvant) Patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer scheduled to receive chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (adjuvant or neoadjuvant) Planning to undergo neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy with curative intent SCREENING PHASE: Plan to receive adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy that includes weekly paclitaxel INTERVENTION PHASE: Receiving adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy that includes a taxane Stage I-III female breast cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy (either neoadjuvant or adjuvant) - months prior to recruitment Received any prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for NSCLC. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy of any kind Prior therapy (at least one completed dose) with a taxane-containing regimen in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting Subjects who have received prior adjuvant therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma are eligible if neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy (including chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) was fully completed more than months before the start of study treatment. In this case, prior Gem and/or NP is allowable Gastric Carcinoma (including Gastro-Esophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma): progression following at least one prior line of standard therapy that contained a fluoropyrimidine and/or platinum and/or taxane agent; prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy is counted as one regimen, provided that disease progression occurs within months after the completion of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy; HER negative subjects (defined by HER ? + by IHC) by medical history; archival tissue or fresh tumor biopsy For the purposes of this study, neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy regimens do not count as a prior line of therapy.