Tumor =< cm maximum diameter, including clinical stage IA and selected IB by positron emission therapy (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest and upper abdomen performed within days prior to randomization No lytic lesions on skeletal survey and whole body positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) other than a single lesion associated with solitary bone plasmacytoma Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup:\r\n* History/physical examination by a radiation oncologist (and a surgeon if surgery is planned) within days prior to registration\r\n* Imaging proof of limited metastatic disease and response to therapy/stable disease, by at least diagnostic quality computed tomography (CT) chest through the adrenals or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, within days prior to registration. Pathologic stage T- or N- or T-, N with a close (=< mm) or microscopically positive surgical margin (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], th edition); patients must be free of distant metastases based upon the following minimum diagnostic workup:\r\n* History/physical examination within weeks prior to registration\r\n* Radiologic confirmation of the absence of hematogenous metastasis within weeks prior to registration; at a minimum, contrast computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest is required; positron emission tomography (PET)/CT is acceptable Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup:\r\n* History/physical examination within days prior to registration\r\n* Clinical grade computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with radionuclide bone scan OR whole body positron emission tomography (PET)/CT within days prior to study registration Patient must have computed tomography (CT) chest/abdomen/pelvis with contrast or fludeoxyglucose F- (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan performed within days prior to step registration Measurable disease >= . cm seen on computed tomography (CT) scan and fludeoxyglucose F- (FDG) avid disease on positron emission tomography (PET) scan Patients must be clinically staged according to the th edition () of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system and must have either clinical T-a, or >= N disease; staging should include upper endoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound and a fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan (with diagnostic CT abdomen/pelvis preferred) No evidence of metastases based on radiological imaging (computed tomography [CT], MRI or positron emission tomography [PET]/CT including chest abdomen and pelvis) Measurable, F-deoxyglucose (FDG)-avid (Deauville score ? ) systemic disease (using Lugano Classification response criteria) by positron emission tomography (PET)-diagnostic computed tomography (CT). For subjects with treated central nervous system (CNS) disease, a head CT and/or brain/spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as clinically appropriate will be required to follow CNS disease response per Lugano Classification response criteria. A baseline computed tomography (CT) chest/abdomen/pelvis and bone scan or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT Subjects may have completed concurrent chemoradiation with a standard chemotherapy regimen (cisplatin/etoposide, carboplatin/paclitaxel or cisplatin/pemetrexed [non-squamous only]) and a dose of radiation ranging from .-. Gy; subjects must have stable disease or disease response as evidenced on computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET) scan evaluation; for those eligible, protocol therapy should begin a minimum of days and a maximum days following the completion of chemoradiation\r\nOR\r\nSubjects may have completed up to cycles of consolidation therapy started within weeks of completion of radiation; after completion of consolidation chemotherapy, subjects must have stable disease or disease response as evidenced by CT or PET scan evaluation; for those eligible, protocol therapy should begin - weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy Radiologic confirmation of the absence of hematogenous metastasis within weeks prior to treatment; at a minimum, chest x-ray is required; computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest or positron emission tomography (PET/CT) is acceptable Achieved at least stable disease to salvage treatment determined by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using Lugano Classification prior to ASCT Metastasis that is > mm in longest dimension or exhibits radiotracer uptake consistent with metastasis on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lymphoma (i.e., positron emission tomography (PET)-positive lymphoma) A baseline computed tomography (CT) chest/abdomen/pelvis and bone scan or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan including neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis within weeks of study enrollment documenting the absence of distant metastases Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of solid malignancy\r\n* NOTE: fludeoxyglucose F (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scans are required for full staging of metastatic disease prior to enrollment; if subject has had an FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) scan within the last weeks, it will not need to be repeated\r\n* NOTE: pathological confirmation is not required for all disease sites as long as the sites of metastatic disease are radiographically and clinically consistent with metastatic disease from a known (biopsy proven) primary\r\n* NOTE: biopsy does not have to be performed at the time of enrollment for patients with recurrent disease as long as biopsy was performed at time of initial diagnosis Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of solid malignancy within weeks of registration\r\n* NOTE: fludeoxyglucose F (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans are required for full staging of metastatic disease; if subject has had an FDG-PET/CT scan within the last weeks, it will not need to be repeated\r\n* NOTE: pathological confirmation is not required for all disease sites as long as the sites of metastatic disease are radiographically and clinically consistent with metastatic disease from a known (biopsy proven) primary\r\n* NOTE: the primary site does not have to be the site of pathological confirmation; for example, in a patient with a radiographic lung lesion with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and a liver lesion, a liver biopsy which is constant with lung primary would preclude the necessity for further pathologic diagnosis Measurable disease (at least lesion of >= . cm in one diameter) as detected by computed tomography (CT) or the CT images of the positron emission tomography (PET)/CT (PET/CT fusion); skins lesions can be used if the area is greater than or equal to cm in at least one diameter and photographed with a ruler Patients must have measurable disease by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET) scan, with one or more sites of disease >= . cm in longest dimension Measurable disease of at least . cm on computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan Must have at least one lesion that is > mm (. cm) in the longest diameter and avid by Fluoro Deoxy Glucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan Absence of distant metastases on standard diagnostic work-up =< weeks prior to registration; (chest computed tomography [CT], chest x-ray [CXR], or positron emission tomography [PET]/CT) Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid disease by positron emission tomography (PET) and measurable disease of at least . cm in minimum dimension by computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast, as assessed by the site radiologist Non-secretors must have measurable disease such as plasmacytomas, or positron emission tomography (PET) avid lytic lesions or bone marrow plasmacytosis >= % at the time of relapse to be eligible Positron emission tomography (PET) scan is suggested for a PSA >= . ngs/ml No clinical evidence of metastatic spread; staging should include endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) as recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines; PET/CT should be performed within weeks of signing informed consent Have no evidence of distant metastases (as determined by endoscopic ultrasound [EUS], PET-computed tomography (CT) or staging laparoscopy Staged by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) OR CT without (w/) contrast and EGD to have stage II or III disease; endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is encouraged but not required Measurable disease, meaning at least lymph node or other lymphomatous lesion with a long axis of ? . cm by computed tomography (CT) imaging, and at least one fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lesion by FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) scan If solitary lesion, metastasis confirmed with either biopsy or two independent imaging modalities (i.e. CT and PET [positron emission tomography], bone scan and MRI, modality at the discretion of the treating physician) Metastatic prostate cancer (M) as documented by appropriate medical imaging (i.e. computed tomography [CT]-scan, positron emission tomography [PET] scan or bone scan) Patients must have measurable disease > . cm evidenced by computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck/chest/abdomen (abd)/pelvis or CT/positron emission tomography (PET) scans Positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) within the last days showing radiographic stage I to IIIa lung cancer (mediastinal staging biopsy is allowed but not required) Patients with systemic T cell lymphoma of any stage and any subtypes; patient must have had at least one standard chemotherapy and measurable disease at the time of enrollment; bidimensional measurable disease of at least . cm in the greatest transverse diameter as documented by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT Patients must have systemic cross-sectional imaging (positron emission tomography [PET]/computed tomography [CT] or CT of chest, abdomen, and pelvis) which shows no evidence of metastatic disease Staging positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) (invasive mediastinal staging strongly encouraged but not required) Patients must have a tissue diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, with a negative positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan performed within days of study enrollment, with one of the following clinical features: \r\n* High risk international prognostic index (IPI)\r\n* Activated B-celllike (ABC)-subtype DLBCL\r\n* Double hit/ triple hit DLBCL Patients who cannot undergo MRI or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) (preferred) or a CT of chest, abdomen, and pelvis within days of registration showing radiographic stage II to IVB nasopharyngeal cancer For Arm G, patients with disease beyond the pelvis, including but not limited to the para-aortic nodes as determined by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT will be excluded. Positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) within the last days showing radiographic stage I to IIIa lung cancer (mediastinal staging biopsy is allowed but not required) Surgically resectable (T- Nx by endoscopic ultrasound); excluded are:\r\n* Very early stage tumors (TN)\r\n* Cervical esophageal tumors\r\n* Tumors invading the tracheobronchial tree or associated with tracheoesophageal fistula\r\n* Any evidence of distant metastases (as determined by endoscopic ultrasound [EUS] or computed tomography/positron emission tomography [CT/PET])\r\n* Cervical, supraclavicular, or other nodal disease that is either not included in the radiation field or is not able to be resected at the time of esophagectomy The patient is staged with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)/esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan Have measurable disease by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET) scan, with one or more sites of disease >= . cm in longest dimension Disease evaluable by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging Staging computed tomography (CT) chest, abdomen, pelvis (CAP) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT shows no evidence of metastatic disease Patients are required to have computed tomography (CT) neck and chest or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and have no documented evidence of distant metastases Positive Ga-PSMA- PET/CT (positron emission computed tomography ) or diagnostic Lu-PSMA- scintigraphy Stage II-IV disease; participant will need measurable disease by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET) scans if enrolled in the dose-expansion cohort Patients must have measurable disease > . cm evidenced by computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck/chest/abdomen/pelvis or CT/positron emission tomography (PET) scans Patient must have measurable disease > . cm evidenced by computed tomography (CT) of the neck/chest/abdomen (abd)/pelvis or CT/positron emission tomography (PET) scans Pathologically confirmed diagnosis of relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with measurable bone marrow lymphoblasts or biopsy-proven extramedullary site measurable by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging; Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) B-ALL patients must have failed treatment with at least one second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor; prior allo-HCT is allowed MRI of the pelvis or positron emission tomography (PET)-CT within months before registration Evidence of progressive disease by imaging modalities or biopsy - persistent positron emission tomography (PET) activity, though possibly related to lymphoma, is not an exclusion criterion in the absence of computed tomography (CT) changes indicating progression Measurable disease that has not been previously irradiated on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), or computed tomography (CT), of at least . cm within the last days before the start of IP treatment. Patients must not have evidence of metastatic disease per positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) scan; mediastinal lymph node involvement is acceptable The treated lesion must be within cm of the abdominal gastrointestinal tract (abdominal esophagus to sigmoid colon) on the basis of cross sectional imaging study such as computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, or MRI Have undergone a second-look surgery by a MD Anderson Gynecologic Oncology faculty after having achieved a complete clinical response to frontline surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy as evidenced by\r\n* Normal physical exam,\r\n* Normal computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)-CT of abdomen and pelvis or other equivalent imaging, and\r\n* Normalization of CA (< U/mL) Metastatic breast cancer not amenable to potentially curative surgery; patients must have disease that is measurable and/or non-measurable as defined by RECIST . criteria (assessed by computed tomography [CT] scan chest/abdomen/pelvis with contrast or fludeoxyglucose [FDG] positron emission tomography [PET]-CT scan obtained within weeks of registration) Measurable disease that has not been previously irradiated on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) of at least . cm Subjects with more than one site of distant metastatic disease (beyond the head and neck) as evidenced by computed tomography (CT) scan or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or biopsy\r\n* A subject with a single lung nodule (deemed cancerous by PET/CT or biopsy) will not be excluded Patients must have measurable disease > . cm evidenced by computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck/chest/abdomen (abd)/pelvis or CT/positron emission tomography (PET) scans Low-volume lung metastases are defined as solid pulmonary nodules < cm with non-spiculated contours, no benign-appearing calcifications, and =< in number, diagnosed by computed tomography of the chest or positron emission tomography (PET) Baseline imaging with an fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scan negative for distant metastatic disease must be obtained =< days prior to registration Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid disease by positron emission tomography (PET) and dimensional measurable disease of at least . cm as documented by radiographic technique (spiral computed tomography [CT] preferred) Evidence of progressive disease by imaging modalities or biopsy - persistent positron emission tomography (PET) activity, though possibly related to lymphoma, is not an exclusion criterion in the absence of computed tomography (CT) changes indicating progression Detectable positron emission tomography (PET)-positive disease Any MPM histology (epithelial, mixed, sarcomatoid)\r\n* N or N nodal disease as present on preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) and/or positron emission tomography (PET)-CT\r\n* N nodule disease if no progression after cycles of standard chemotherapy; progression will be considered if additional N or N disease develop during chemotherapy Pathologic confirmation of NSCLC diagnosis is recommended whenever possible; this will generally be accomplished using computed tomography (CT) guided or bronchoscopic biopsies; if pathologic confirmation is not possible, a target lesion must be a non calcified pulmonary nodule that is present on at least imaging studies (can include simulation scan); the nodule must have increased in size or proportion of solid component on CT and/or show increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) over at least imaging studies Have measurable nodal disease, including at least disease site measuring . cm in longest dimension on computed tomography (CT) or fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) Patients must have metabolically active (positron emission tomography [PET] scan positive) measurable disease (defined as lesions greater than . cm long axis that can be accurately measured in two dimensions by computed tomography [CT]) Patients must have a positron emission tomography (PET) scan within days of enrollment No distant metastasis by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT); PET/CT will be done at time of simulation in the treatment position The subject has had an assessment of all extracranial disease sites (e.g., by computerized tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography-CT, and bone scan as appropriate) within days before the first dose of cabozantinib Patients with prior therapy that included interstitial brachytherapy, or Gliadel wafers must have confirmation of true progressive disease rather than radiation necrosis based upon either positron emission tomography (PET) or thallium scanning, MR spectroscopy or surgical documentation of disease Patients must have measurable disease; baseline measurements and evaluations must be obtained within weeks of registration to the study; abnormal positron emission tomography (PET) scans will not constitute evaluable disease unless verified by a diagnostic quality computed tomography (CT) scan; patients must use the same imaging modality (CT or PET/CT) throughout the study Subjects must be diagnosed with either oropharyngeal or supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma\r\n* Primary tumor staging at T, T, or T based on contrasted neck computed tomography (CT), complete physical exam, and direct laryngoscopy; if possible, a positron emission tomography (PET) CT should also be collected; regardless of size, primary tumors must be mobile on physical exam and must not exhibit invasion of parapharyngeal fat on CT\r\n* Regional nodal metastases stages as N, N, or N without extracapsular spread (ECS)\r\n** Na immediately eligible\r\n** Nb and Nc eligible when nodes are isolated (i.e., no conglomerate nodal masses)\r\n* No evidence of distant metastatic disease Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or ampulla of Vater; at least the majority of the histopathologic specimen must be identified as adenocarcinoma as opposed to another histologic subtype\r\n* If histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma cannot be obtained by biopsy, the following procedures may be employed:\r\n** Attempt a repeat biopsy to obtain a diagnosis\r\n** Present the case at John Hopkins University (JHU) tumor board and if the candidate has one of the following: a rising cancer antigen (CA) - or radiographic evidence of recurrence on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and/or positron emission tomography (PET) scan then the patient can be considered for treatment on protocol\r\n* However, if these objectives cannot be met, the patient will not be a candidate Participants must have no clinical, radiographic, or laboratory evidence of cancer dissemination to the peritoneal cavity, chest cavity, or spread via hematogenous dissemination; computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis must have been obtained within weeks of study entry; there must be no measurable (macroscopic) disease within the radiation target volume following hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy Locally advanced high-risk carcinoma of the uterine cervix, i.e.: intact cervix (i.e. non-operative) with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage at least IB OR post-hysterectomy with either: residual gross disease or para-aortic nodal involvement (either resected or unresected) based upon standard diagnostic workup, including:\r\n* History/physical examination \r\n* Examination under anesthesia (if indicated)\r\n* Biopsy \r\n* Intravenous pyelogram and/or cystoscopy (if indicated)\r\n* Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or rigid proctoscopy (if indicated)\r\n* Posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest x-ray or chest computed tomography (CT)\r\n* CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis\r\n* Positron emission tomography (PET), PET/CT, or PET/CT simulation (encouraged) Relapse/persistent disease evidenced by a computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET), or bone marrow biopsy Patients with prior therapy that included interstitial brachytherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery must have confirmation of true progressive disease rather than radiation necrosis based upon either positron emission tomography (PET) or thallium scanning, MR spectroscopy or surgical/pathological documentation of disease Patients are eligible for transplantation if there is no evidence of progressive disease by imaging modalities or biopsy; persistent positron emission tomography (PET) activity, though possibly related to lymphoma, is not an exclusion criterion in the absence of computed tomography (CT) changes indicating progression Evidence of progressive disease by imaging modalities or biopsy-persistent positron emission tomography (PET) activity, though possibly related to lymphoma, is not an exclusion criterion in the absence of computed tomography (CT) changes indicating progression Staging evaluation within days of enrollment consisting of staging laparoscopy, computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis, and positron emission tomography (PET) scan will be acquired; also endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) tumor and nodal staging will be required Positron emission tomography (PET)-positive disease Staging computed tomography (CT) scans done prior to enrollment If remission status < year for NHL, complete remission documented by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan within months of study entry Patients must demonstrate >= % disease reduction on computed tomography (CT) scan (confirmed by positron emission tomography [PET] scan) after the third cycle of R-EPOCH relative to baseline, with no evidence of disease progression after the fifth cycle Patients with AST or alkaline phosphatase > ULN are eligible for inclusion in the study if liver imaging (computed tomography [CT], MRI, positron emission tomography [PET]-CT, or PET scan) performed within weeks prior to randomization does not demonstrate metastatic disease and the requirements are met Disease evaluable by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging Patients must undergo pre-treatment endoscopic tumor staging and positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) scanning All responses are to be determined using the response criteria for non-hodgkins lymphoma and will include PET/computed tomography (CT) prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid disease by positive emission tomography (PET), and measurable disease greater than . cm in diameter Patients must have measurable disease (at least lesion of >= . cm in one diameter) as detected by computed tomography (CT) or the CT images of the positron emission tomography (PET)/CT Fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease by positron emission tomography and measurable disease greater than .cm diameter Bidimensional measurable disease of at least . cm in the greatest transverse diameter as documented by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT Patients must be in complete remission at D- after AHCT as evidenced by computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck/chest/abdomen (abd)/pelvis or CT/positron emission tomography (PET) scans pathologically confirmed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), with (a) measurable nodal disease on positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) per Lugano classification. Prior to enrollment, pathology must be reviewed and confirmed at the investigational site where the participant is entered Subjects with HL with no available curative treatment options (such as autologous stem cell transplant [SCT]) who have a limited prognosis (several months to < year survival) with currently available therapies will be enrolled\r\n* HL with biopsy-proven relapse or refractory disease who are unresponsive to or intolerant of at least one line of standard salvage therapy\r\n* Patients must have evaluable disease by radiologic imaging (fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG] positron emission tomography [PET]/computed tomography [CT] or PET/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) within days of enrollment; evaluable includes both assessable and/or measurable disease as defined by Cheson et al., The following imaging workup to document metastases within days prior to study registration: \r\n* Computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis with radionuclide bone scan OR whole body positron emission tomography (PET)/CT Metastatic lesions identifiable only by positron emission tomography (PET) Participants must have had PET-computed tomography (CT) for restaging after salvage therapy and before ASCT Presence of evaluable disease by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging per the Lugano classification Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate with progressive metastatic disease which, in the opinion of the investigator, requires initiation of new treatment. The assessment of disease progression can be based on either PSA rise, new or progressive soft tissue disease (based on computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scans), or new or progressive bony disease based on radionuclide bone scan or F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography [NaF PET/CT] scans). Participants being considered for Cohort B must, in addition, have primary or metastatic lesions amenable to tumor biopsies Patients with measurable disease; patients with non-measurable but evaluable disease may be eligible after discussion with the principal investigator (PI); baseline measurements and evaluations must be obtained within weeks of registration to the study; abnormal positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans will not constitute evaluable disease, unless verified by CT scan or other appropriate imaging Bone lesions: one or more osteolytic lesions on skeletal radiography, computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) OR Evidence of metastatic disease\r\n* NOTE: patients will not require baseline staging positron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography (CT) chest, abdomen, pelvis or bone scan to rule out metastatic disease prior to enrollment; any staging scans will be ordered at the treating providers discretion; if metastatic disease is found on any staging studies done, patients will not be eligible for enrollment clinical and laboratory signs: rapid disease progression, high standardized uptake value (SUV) (> ) by positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline if PET scans are performed (optional). Measurable disease for phase IIa portion only \r\n* Lymphoma (includes CTCL patients who are without evidence of the disease in the skin): computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT by modified Cheson criteria with incorporation of PET\r\n* CTCL: modified severity weighted assessment (mSWAT) > , or absolute Sezary count >= cells/uL Staging studies with a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest and abdomen and bone scan, or a positron emission tomography (PET)/CT is required for clinical stage III, and are considered optional for stage II breast cancers Radiographic evidence (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance [MR], or positron emission tomography [PET] CT) consistent with osseous metastatic disease on CT, MR, or PET CT obtained within weeks of treatment will be used for pre-study treatment delivery; the gross tumor volume (GTV) of the target lesions will be determined from this radiographic study and must be =< cubic centimeters\r\n* NOTE: patient is still eligible if a diagnostic image set is not available within weeks of treatment if the patient will undergo a kilo voltage CT (kVCT) simulation in the Department of Radiation Oncology with contouring directly onto this image set Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, x-ray or CT-scan of chest showing no evidence of metastatic disease Patients must have non-metastatic (M) disease, as defined by a lack of metastases seen on computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest/abdomen/pelvis and whole-body radionuclide Tc (technetium-) bone scan, (or sodium fluoride positron emission tomography [PET] scan) taken within months of study entry Absence of distant metastases on standard diagnostic work-up =< weeks prior to registration; (chest computed tomography [CT], chest x-ray [CXR], positron emission tomography [PET]/CT, etc.) Patients with prior therapy that included interstitial brachytherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery must have confirmation of true progressive disease rather than radiation necrosis based upon either positron emission tomography (PET) or thallium scanning, MR spectroscopy or surgical/pathological documentation of disease Patients with DLBCL had a positive [F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan at baseline (Cheson response criteria) Chemosensitive disease as defined by at least a partial response to salvage therapy by PET/computed tomography (CT) criteria Systemic involvement (i.e., nodal, bone marrow or visceral organ involvement) will be evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) and bone marrow biopsy (if indicated on patients with blood involvement) in patients with pc-ALCL or MF at baseline Deauville score of - on post-chemotherapy (or interim) positron emission tomography (PET) scan All oncologists and radiologists will review positron emission tomography (PET) scans prior to therapy as standard practice to confirm eligibility Eligible patients will have biopsy (histology or cytology) proven non-squamous, NSCLC with stage IIIA or dry IIIB disease; patients with previously surgically resected NSCLC who have a locoregional recurrence that is clinically amenable to definitive treatment with chemoradiation are also eligible; previous diagnostic tissue may be accepted to confirm diagnosis and perform correlative studies; patients are still eligible if there is insufficient tissue for correlative studies; evidence of mediastinal nodal disease will be documented pathologically by pretreatment mediastinoscopy or EBUS/EUS, only if clinically indicated (i.e. if the staging computed tomography [CT] Scans and positron emission tomography [PET] Scans are equivocal) Female patients with inoperable tumors or women with stage disease diagnosed on computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), PET/CT or bone scan Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is required for all patients, unless contraindicated; this may be acquired prior to study entry or after enrollment prior to SBRT planning Metastatic disease beyond the neck or supraclavicular area as demonstrated by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or biopsy No evidence of disease outside the breast or chest wall, except ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes on staging scans (computed tomography [CT] chest/abdomen/pelvis and bone scan or positron emission tomography [PET] scan) Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid disease by positron emission tomography (PET). Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) avid disease on baseline scan For enrollment in part , patients must meet all of the following: Measurable disease by computed tomograph (CT)/ and/or positron-emission tomography CT (PET-CT) Patients must have pathologic diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), by either histologic biopsy, or cytologic evidence; highly suspicious cytology (i.e. abnormal cells suspicious for malignancy) is acceptable, in the setting of a strongly positive computed tomography (CT)/positron emission tomography (PET) (standardized uptake value [SUV] > .) Patients must have a diagnostic quality contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis OR baseline positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan performed within days prior to registration Measurable, F-deoxyglucose (FDG)-avid (Deauville score ? ) systemic disease (using Lugano Classification response criteria) by positron emission tomography (PET)-diagnostic computed tomography (CT). Baseline scans must be of acceptable quality to the central radiology laboratory prior to Cycle Day . Patients must have measurable disease > . cm evidenced by computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck/chest/abdomen(abd)/pelvis or CT/positron emission tomography (PET) scans Fluorodeoxyglucose-avid and measurable disease of at least . cm as documented by both positron emission tomography and spiral computed tomography. Patients must have failed prior external beam radiation therapy; a positron emission tomography (PET) or thallium single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), MR spectroscopy and MR perfusion, or surgical documentation may be done at the discretion of the treating physician if there is a question of radiation changes/necrosis versus progressive disease Have no evidence of distant metastases (as determined by endoscopic ultrasound [EUS], PET-computed tomography [CT] or staging laparoscopy) Positron emission tomography (PET) avid disease with standard uptake value (SUV) > Measurable disease (at least lesion of >= . cm in diameter) as detected by computed tomography (CT) or the CT images of the positron emission tomography (PET)/CT Computed tomography (CT) of the neck to confirm staging Patients must have cross-sectional body imaging (positron emission tomography [PET]-computed tomography [CT] or equivalent) performed within weeks of study enrollment and available for review Presence of cT renal mass by diagnostic computed tomography (CT) assessment Fludeoxyglucose F- (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) avid tumors The patient must have localized spine metastasis from the cervical (C) to lumbar (L) levels by a screening imaging study (bone scan, positron emission tomography [PET], computed tomography [CT], or MRI) (a solitary spine metastasis; two separate spine levels; or up to separate sites [e.g., C, thoracic (T)-, and T] are permitted;) each of the separate sites may have a maximal involvement of contiguous vertebral bodies; patients can have other visceral metastasis, and radioresistant tumors (including soft tissue sarcomas, melanomas, and renal cell carcinomas) are eligible The patient has received a clinical classification of stage I or II disease; \clinically classified\ means using all studies including computed tomography (CT) scans, positron emission tomography (PET) scans, bone scans, mediastinoscopy, and/or any study or procedure performed short of thoracotomy After completion of radiotherapy, within the last months, a positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) or contrast-enhanced CT scan must be performed within weeks of registration demonstrating no evidence of disease or loco-regional recurrence Referred for computed tomography (CT) guided biopsy of lung lesion Measurable disease >= . cm as measured on positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) scan Measurable disease (or nonmeasurable bone-only disease) assessed by computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, performed as part of standard of care, at the discretion of the attending oncologist No evidence of relapsed or residual malignancy within days of trial entry; all patients must undergo appropriate staging for their malignancy (i.e. bone marrow aspiration for the leukemias and positron emission tomography [PET]-computed tomography [CT] scanning for the lymphomas); evidence of a persistent cytogenetic abnormality will constitute evidence of residual or relapsed disease in the leukemias, where present; individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are eligible if there is no more than % residual leukemia in the bone marrow at the time of study entry NHL\r\n* No clinical evidence of disease or disease-related symptoms\r\n* Typically fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lymphomas: a post-treatment residual mass of any size is permitted as long as it is positron emission tomography (PET) negative\r\n* Variably FDG-avid lymphoma/FDG avidity unknown: all lymph nodes normal size by computed tomography (CT)\r\n* Spleen and liver non-palpable and without nodules\r\n* If pretreatment bone marrow biopsy was positive, repeat bone marrow biopsy must be negative; if morphologically indeterminate, immunohistochemistry should be negative Evidence of progressive disease by imaging modalities or biopsy - persistent positron emission tomography (PET) activity, though possibly related to lymphoma, is not an exclusion criterion in the absence of computed tomography (CT) changes indicating progression Subject must have positron emission tomography (PET)-positive disease as per Lugano Classification Bone lesions ( or more osteolytic lesions on low-dose whole body computed tomography [LDCT], positron-emission tomography with computed tomography [PET-CT] or CT) N lymph nodes negative on positron emission tomography (PET) scan or mediastinoscopy Participants must have no evidence of nodal involvement (N) or distant metastases (M) on staging studies, which may include positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and/or mediastinoscopy Subject must have been referred for a clinically indicated PET-computed tomography (CT) Patients who have a history of serious adverse events related to a previous MRI or PET/computed tomography (CT) No clinical evidence of nodal disease (N-N) as assessed by CT and/or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT Stage T-aN-, by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) th edition, based on the following minimum workup:\r\n* Computed tomography (CT) chest/abdomen with contrast \r\n* Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT of the whole-body or skull base to mid-thigh\r\n* Patients must have regional adenopathy and have undergone endoscopic biopsy with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-proven peri-esophageal nodal involvement Patients that have early stage non-small cell lung cancer or clinical suspicion of the same in cases where the lesion is not amenable to biopsy but is enlarging and positron emission tomography (PET)-positive; all patients are to be treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy as a monotherapy Negative pregnancy test within days of baseline positron emission tomography (PET) scan for pre-menopausal patients Radiographic evidence of lymphadenopathy, defined as a lymph node greater than cm in diameter on axial imaging (CT or MRI or positron emission tomography [PET]/CT)