Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD)
A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the sphenoid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)
Non-dysplastic or indefinite for dysplasia BE, confirmed by histopathological analysis
Patients must have positive genetic testing for NF in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory or a diagnosis of NF based on clinical National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria of at least one other diagnostic criterion in addition to the presence of a PN; NF mutation analysis will be performed on germline deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as described by Messiaen & Wimmer; histologic confirmation of tumor is not necessary in the presence of consistent clinical and imaging findings, but should be considered if malignant transformation of a PN is clinically suspected; additional criteria are as follows:\r\n* Six or more cafe-au-lait macules (>= . cm in prepubertal subjects or >= . cm in post pubertal subjects)\r\n* Freckling in axilla or groin\r\n* Optic glioma\r\n* Two or more Lisch nodules\r\n* A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the sphenoid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)\r\n* A first-degree relative with NF
Patients with cytologic evidence of glandular dysplasia
Known bone marrow dysplasia
Bone marrow dysplasia
Bone marrow dysplasia
For a clinical diagnosis of NF patients must have at least two of the diagnostic criteria for NF listed below:\r\n* Six or more cafe-au-lait macules (>= . cm in prepubertal subjects or >= . cm in post pubertal subjects)\r\n* Freckling in axilla or groin\r\n* A neurofibroma or plexiform neurofibroma\r\n* Optic glioma\r\n* Two or more Lisch nodules\r\n* A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the sphenoid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)\r\n* A first-degree relative with NF
All subjects must have an identified pathogenetic constitutional NF mutation OR the clinical diagnosis of NF using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus conference criteria; in addition to a plexiform neurofibroma, one or more of the following diagnostic criteria for NF must be present:\r\n* Six or more Cafe Au Lait spots (>= . centimeter [cm] in prepubertal subjects or >= . cm in post pubertal subjects)\r\n* Freckling in the axilla or groin\r\n* Optic glioma\r\n* Two or more Lisch nodules\r\n* A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the spheroid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)\r\n* A first-degree relative with NF
Patients must have a documented germline neurofibromatosis  (NF) mutation in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) certified laboratory or a diagnosis of NF based on clinical National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria; in addition to substantial cutaneous neurofibroma burden, at least one of the criteria below have to be present:\r\n* Six or more cafe-au-lait macules (>= . cm in prepubertal subjects or >= . cm in post pubertal subjects)\r\n* Freckling in axilla or groin\r\n* Optic glioma\r\n* Two or more Lisch nodules\r\n* A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the sphenoid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)\r\n* A first-degree relative with NF
Patients with cytologic evidence of glandular dysplasia
Myelodysplastic syndrome with multi-lineage dysplasia with or without chromosomal abnormalities
Bone marrow dysplasia
Hereditary metabolic bone disease or skeletal dysplasia (e.g., osteopetrosis or osteogenesis imperfecta [OI]) or primary hyperparathyroidism
Diagnosis of NF through germline mutation OR clinical diagnosis; for the clinical diagnosis of NF all study subjects must have two or more diagnostic criteria for NF listed below (National Institutes of Health [NIH] Consensus Conference):\r\n* Six or more cafe-au-lait spots (>= . cm in prepubertal subjects or >= . cm in postpubertal subjects)\r\n* >=  neurofibromas or  plexiform neurofibroma\r\n* Freckling in the axilla or groin\r\n* Optic glioma\r\n* Two or more Lisch nodules\r\n* A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the sphenoid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)\r\n* A first-degree relative with NF
Tibial fracture without evidence of pseudarthrosis or tibial dysplasia
Tibial dysplasia/bowing without fracture or pseudarthrosis
Bilateral tibial dysplasia
All consecutive outpatients with >  cm biopsy-proven Barretts esophagus who are undergoing standard of care endoscopic surveillance for metaplasia, dysplasia, or neoplasia
Patients diagnosed with any level of dysplasia on previous esophageal biopsies
History of esophageal dysplasia or cancer
Received treatment of cervical dysplasia with LEEP, cone biopsy, laser procedure or cryotherapy within THREE years
Histologically-confirmed high grade dysplasia (HGD), cancer, or polyp burden that is not quantifiable
Patients may have untreated OPLs (i.e., hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ) at the time of study entry, provided the index OPL or HNSCC was definitively treated
Participants must have either sputum cytologic atypia of mild dysplasia or greater or a history of bronchial biopsy with mild or greater dysplasia within the past  months
Participants with dysplasia-associated mass or lesion (DALM) due to longstanding idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease will be excluded
Participants with oral leukoplakia or erythroplakia with mild, moderate, or severe histologic dysplasia, or hyperplasia not associated with mechanical factors such as ill-fitted dentures
Biopsy-proven Barretts esophagus that is non-dysplastic or with low grade dysplasia
VITAMIN D/METFORMIN SUBARM OF LOW GRADE DYSPLASIA/NO DYSPLASIA ARM:
VITAMIN D/METFORMIN SUBARM OF THE DYSPLASIA/NO DYSPLASIA ARM:
Participants with premalignant lesions (mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, or carcinoma in situ) of the head and neck, as confirmed by biopsy within the  months prior to study entry or a treated primary TN or TN squamous cell carcinoma will be eligible
Participants with hyperplasia, in absence of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, will be excluded
Age >=  years, with histologically confirmed diagnosis of Barrett's Esophagus without dysplasia
Histologically confirmed BE with high grade dysplasia, invasive carcinoma of the esophagus, low grade dysplasia
Must have pathologically confirmed squamous metaplasia or squamous dysplasia documented by autofluorescence bronchoscopy within the preceding  months
Must be patients undergoing standard of care EGD for the confirmation of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE) or endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for dysplasia in BE
Subjects with a history of low or high grade dysplasia
For the clinical diagnosis of NF all study subjects must have at least two or more diagnostic criteria for NF listed below (NIH Consensus Conference):\r\n* Six or more cafe-au-lait spots (>= . cm in prepubertal subjects or >= . cm in postpubertal subjects)\r\n* >=  neurofibromas or  plexiform neurofibroma\r\n* Freckling in the axilla or groin\r\n* Optic glioma\r\n* Two or more Lisch nodules\r\n* A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the sphenoid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)\r\n* A first-degree relative with NF
Patients undergoing an upper endoscopy for BE surveillance with prior biopsy-confirmed BE with dysplasia (at least LGD).
prior malignancy with the exception of basal cell carcinoma or cervical dysplasia