No diabetes mellitus currently treated with insulin or sulfonylureas Patients with diabetes mellitus requiring concurrent treatment with insulin or thiazolidinedione (TZD) oral agents are not eligible Patients who have insulin dependent diabetes are not eligible Non-malignant medical illnesses that are uncontrolled or whose control may be jeopardized by study treatment, such as severe hereditary coagulation disorders or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that is not optimally controlled with medical management (example, presence of ketoacidosis) Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Co-morbidities that would influence wound healing including diabetes (insulin dependent) or smoking (current ongoing use) Insulin-dependent diabetes; patients with type II diabetes must meet the inclusion criteria outlined above Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (patients with type diabetes controlled with oral glucose lowering agents and the occasional use of insulin are permitted in the study) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Persistently uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, oxygen-dependent lung disease, chronic liver disease, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection Part E: Have insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes or a history of gestational diabetes Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Patients with diabetes mellitus are eligible if they require oral agents only and have a fasting blood glucose =< mg/dL; patients with a history of diabetes mellitus who require daily long-acting or mealtime insulin are not eligible; patients who have previously required treatment for hyperglycemia due to steroids or other medications are eligible as long as they have not required insulin or any other oral agent within months prior to study enrollment Diabetes mellitus currently requiring insulin; subjects with a history of steroid-induced hyperglycemia may be enrolled provided that HbAC at screening visit is =< % Patients who are taking other insulin secretagogues and/or insulin Have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Participants with type diabetes mellitus are eligible if adequate control of blood glucose level is obtained by oral anti-diabetics as documented by hemoglobin Ac (HbAc) <%. Patients with diabetes mellitus requiring concurrent treatment with insulin or thiazolidinedione (TZD) oral agents are not eligible Have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is not exclusionary provided the patient is not maintained with either oral medications or insulin History of insulin-dependent or uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus Subjects with diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment or subjects with a HbAC > Have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Participants with a type diabetes mellitus are eligible if adequate control of blood glucose level is obtained by oral anti-diabetics. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes or insulin resistance Patients with diabetes requiring insulin or requiring more than one non-insulin hypoglycemia agents Have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Participants with a type diabetes mellitus are eligible if adequate control of blood glucose level is obtained by oral anti-diabetics as documented by hemoglobin Ac <%. Diabetes is not exclusionary provided the patient is not maintained with either oral medications or insulin Diabetes mellitus is not exclusionary provided the patient is not maintained with either oral medications or insulin Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus uncontrolled with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or metformin use Diabetes (defined by being on oral hypoglycemics or insulin) Endocrine disorders such as primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, hyper- or hypothyroidism not controlled with medication, or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Diabetics requiring insulin treatment Participant has known diabetes mellitus - insulin treated Previous or current treatment with any insulin regimen other than basal insulin, e.g. prandial or pre-mixed insulin (short term treatment due to intercurrent illness including gestational is allowed at the discretion for the investigator). Uncontrolled medical condition (e.g., uncontrolled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus). Patients with diabetes mellitus requiring insulin secretagogues and/or insulin Patients with diabetes who are taking insulin or oral agents Insulin requiring diabetes (telephone directed diet and physical activity changes would be difficult in this population without close coordination with the treating physician). Non-insulin requiring diabetics are eligible for the study. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes Insulin?dependent diabetes (contraindication for glucagon IV, required for endorectal MRI only) Subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.