Treatment with any of the following for prostate cancer within weeks prior to day of treatment: Prior systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer. Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer; prior treatment with genomically-targeted agents, or Provenge is allowed History of prior treatment for prostate cancer. Subject has received prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer. Prior systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer Previous chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or biologic therapy for prostate cancer Prior radiation to the prostate Previous or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer Patients who have had any prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. No treatment with any of the following for prostate cancer within weeks prior to enrollment: No prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior immunotherapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior immunotherapy/vaccine therapy for prostate cancer Patients who have had prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior history of treated prostate cancer Previous or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer Patients who have had prior chemotherapy, experimental agents for prostate cancer, or patients receiving more than weeks of prior hormone therapy will be excluded Prior or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer; prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is permitted Prior systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior or current therapy for prostate cancer No prior treatment for prostate cancer Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior systemic biologic therapy, including immunotherapy, for prostate cancer; Prior definitive treatment of prostate cancer Prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Prior use of immunotherapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior radiation therapy for prostate cancer Prior investigational therapy for prostate cancer Prior or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer; prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is permitted No prior systemic therapy for metastatic prostate cancer Prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy for prostate cancer Treatment with more than one chemotherapy agent for prostate cancer Treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer within the previous weeks prior to randomization, or planned treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy agents for prostate cancer during the treatment period or follow-up COHORT A: Current or prior investigational therapies for prostate cancer, or chemotherapy administered with the intention to treat prostate cancer COHORT B: Current or prior investigational therapies for prostate cancer, or chemotherapy administered with the intention to treat prostate cancer More than prior courses of chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer Patients with prior chemotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer within a year are excluded No prior radiation or chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatment Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or biologic therapy for prostate cancer Patients must not have been treated with a prior vaccine therapy for prostate cancer E . Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer, Previous or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer Have had prior or current prostate cancer therapies: Chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer Prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer, or immunotherapy for prostate cancer Any prior or concurrent treatment for prostate cancer Prior surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancer Prior history of prostate cancer SUB-STUDY I: Chemotherapy for prostate cancer SUB-STUDY II: Chemotherapy for prostate cancer Patient must not have had any prior treatment for prostate cancer Patients who have received any prior therapy for prostate cancer with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy Chemotherapy for prostate cancer Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within months of the study for other diagnoses not related to prostate cancer No prior treatment for prostate cancer Prior treatment for prostate cancer Patients who have received systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer will not be eligible Any prior treatment for prostate cancer Concurrent immunotherapy for prostate cancer