For patients who undergo mastectomy, the margins must be histologically free of residual (microscopic or gross) tumor Per the operative report, the gross total resection of the primary tumor with curative intent was completed within weeks prior to randomization Patients with gross total resection of the primary tumor prior to enrollment on ARST are NOT eligible; patients who have experienced tumor recurrence after a gross total tumor resection are NOT eligible Primary surgical debulking before protocol therapy is permissible; this would include removal of gross symptomatic disease in the pelvis and/or vagina\r\n* Exenterative surgery is not permissible; patients with complete resection of gross recurrent disease are eligible Patients who have gross residual disease or distant metastatic disease Gross total resection (GTR) will be interpreted as modified Simpson grade - without gross residual dural-based or extradural tumor; GTR must be confirmed both by modified Simpson grade and by post-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings Status post gross total resection with curative intent Any evidence of hematemesis, melena, hematochezia, ? grade hemoptysis, or gross hematuria Surgery achieves either no gross residual disease (R) or optimal cytoreductive status defined as no single lesion measuring more than . mm in its greatest diameter Patients who undergo surgical resection will be allowed regardless of human papilloma virus (HPV) status provided they have one of the following criteria: \r\n* Positive margins on pathology\r\n* Evidence of extracapsular spread on nodal pathology\r\n* Gross residual disease on postoperative or simulation imaging\r\n* N/ disease\r\n* T/ disease\r\n* Multifocal perineural invasion and/or lymphovascular space invasion The only surgical consideration is biopsy. Subjects who had gross total resection, partial resection and/or debulking are excluded. Subjects who had gross total tumor resection, partial resection, and/or debulking surgery. Participant has symptoms of gross hematuria or gross hemoptysis Patients must have received no previous therapy for the tumor with the exception of corticosteroids and surgery; patients with a gross total resection will not be eligible Gross total surgical resection with curative intent of the primary tumor and at least unilateral neck dissection within weeks of registration Have evidence of active clinically significant bleed (e.g., gastrointestinal bleed, hemoptysis, or gross hematuria) at screening Uncontrolled cystitis, significant bladder pain or spasms, or gross hematuria that in the opinion of the treating investigator, should preclude study entry Patients who have undergone a gross total resection for recurrence will be eligible, and MLA will be directed at treating a peritumoral margin of .- cm surrounding the resection cavity to disrupt the blood brain barrier (BBB) and potentially increase access of MK- to the peritumoral infiltrating glioma cells Must have undergone gross total resection of the primary tumor with curative intent within the past weeks with surgical pathology demonstrating >= of the following criteria for \intermediate\ risk of recurrence:\r\n* Perineural invasion\r\n* Lymphovascular invasion\r\n* Single lymph node > cm or at least nodes without evidence of extracapsular extension\r\n* Close margins defined as < mm but not frankly positive (in the case of ambiguous, controversial, or superseded margins, final clinical assessment regarding margin status will prevail)\r\n* Pathologically confirmed T or T primary tumor. The primary tumor must be considered resectable by RP with gross negative margins as determined by a urologist. (Applicable to cohorts A and B only) On-going gross hematuria associated with clots Gross total excision of both the primary and nodal disease The patient must be a candidate for surgical debulking (either subtotal or gross total resection); biopsy-only candidates will not be eligible Patients must have undergone gross total surgical resection within days prior to registration and beginning of therapy under the clinical trial. Note: Patients may have biopsy under general anesthesia in an operating room followed by definitive ablative cancer surgery representing gross total resection. Presence of metastatic disease or gross orbital involvement No evidence of gross hematuria Gross (visible) hematuria Gross disease within the breast must be unifocal; (patients with microscopic multifocality are eligible as long as the total extent of tumor, gross and microscopic, occupies a volume with greatest dimension cm or less) Macroscopic complete salvage surgery with curative intent (surgery was not performed only for biopsy or palliation); final pathology and imaging must indicate a R or R resection (no gross disease remaining) Any patient with gross residual disease following salvage surgery Patients with gross residual tumor after surgical resection COHORT II: Gross disease must be unifocal on Mammo/ MRI imaging Current evidence of hematemesis, melena or gross hematuria No gross vascular invasion or regional nodal or distant metastases Presence of metastatic disease or gross (residual) orbital involvement Patients will have no evidence of gross vascular invasion The presence of gross skin invasion/ulceration by the breast cancer, or inflammatory changes with skin edema AND erythema; Note: Pagets disease is permitted Patients who had craniotomy with biopsy, subtotal resection, total gross resection, or re-resection will be permitted. Prior craniotomy and gross total or sub-total resection of tumor at this recurrence Gross total or partial tumor resection is not possible or not planned Patients with gross total resection of the primary tumor prior to enrollment are not eligible; patients who have experienced tumor recurrence after gross total tumor resection are not eligible Patients must have undergone gross total surgical resection of high-risk oral cavity, oropharynx (p negative), larynx, or hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) within days prior to registration; note: patients may have a biopsy under general anesthesia in an operating room followed by definitive ablative cancer surgery representing gross total resection; the gross total resection has to be done within days prior to registration; if, however, patients have ablative resection but demonstrate rapid gross recurrence or are determined to have gross persisting disease requiring re-resection to achieve gross total resection, then the patient is not eligible Patients must have undergone gross total surgical resection of high-risk oral cavity, oropharynx (p negative), larynx, or hypopharynx within days prior to registration; Note: patients may have biopsy under general anesthesia in an operating room followed by definitive ablative cancer surgery representing gross total resection; the gross total resection has to be done within days prior to registration; if, however, patients have ablative resection but shortly recur or are determined to have persisting disease requiring re-resection to achieve gross total resection, then the patient is not eligible Candidate for gross total or subtotal resection Gross total excision of both primary and nodal disease with curative intent; this includes tonsillectomy, local excision of primary site, and nodal excision that removes all clinically and radiographically evident disease; in other words, to participate in this protocol, the patient must have clinically or radiographically evident gross disease for which disease response can be assessed Previous radiosurgery to any currently progressive gross metastatic disease Patients with multiple regional nodal basin involvement are eligible; gross or microscopic extracapsular nodal extension is permitted Positive surgical margins are permitted if the surgeon confirms complete resection of gross metastatic disease, and post-operative scans are negative Total (aggregate) gross tumor volume > cm^ ( ccs or . liters) Active untreated gross hematuria for any cause Patients with gross residual or metastatic tumor findings following complete surgical treatment for uterine LMS Histologic proof of primary head of pancreas invasive adenocarcinoma managed with a potentially curative resection (i.e., removal of all gross tumor) involving a classic pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) or a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; patients with invasive adenocarcinoma that also contains a component of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) are eligible\r\n* The operating surgeon must document in the operative note that a complete gross excision of the primary tumor was achieved; the pathology report must include documentation of the margin status and the size of the tumor; the pathology report must also include the status of the three major marginsbile duct, pancreatic parenchyma, and retroperitoneal (uncinate) Resected tumor: No evidence of gross tumor at the surgical resection margin noted in the final surgery report. No evidence of gross residual adenopathy Patients who have had gross total excision of the primary tumor. Patients who had craniotomy with biopsy, subtotal resection, total gross resection, or re-resection will be permitted The tumor must be unifocal, confined to the supratentorial compartment and have undergone a gross total or near gross total resection; this will increase the likelihood that the patient will not require corticosteroids or develop pseudoprogression Patients must have had all gross disease resected (R or R resection) Not undergoing surgical resection or for whom gross total resection is not possible Patient should have surgery (biopsy, partial resection or gross total resection) and no additional anti-cancer therapy except the chemoradiation as specified in the protocol Achieved a gross total or sub-total resection at time of surgery Gross residual tumor or positive margins after surgery that is un-excised, as radiation dose in the study will be limited to Gy. Gross total surgical resection with curative intent of the primary tumor and at least unilateral neck dissection within weeks of registration Evidence of clinically evident gross residual or recurrent disease following preoperative therapy and surgery The patient must have undergone surgical resection (gross total, subtotal, or biopsy) of the spinal lesion(s) no more than weeks prior to SRS treatment Patient must not have gross residual and/or microscopic disease present after surgery including re-resection(s), per the operative and pathology report Participants with gross hematuria are not eligible; patients with microscopic hematuria are eligible Participants with gross hematuria are ineligible Patients with more than (i.e., or greater) uncontrolled or untreated extracranial sites of gross disease Gross extension of tumor into the lumen of the duodenum Subjects must have undergone primary gross total resection (no re-resected patients are allowed) with fulfillment of at least of the following histologic criteria for high-risk disease: Close (= N, M) The presence of gross skin invasion/ulceration by the breast cancer, or inflammatory changes with skin edema AND erythema; Note: Paget's disease is permitted Patients with gross tumor involvement of the oral cavity or oral mucosa Breast-conserving surgery with surgical excision of all gross disease with negative surgical margins (with the exception of a positive margin at skin and/or fascia where no more breast tissue can be removed) or mastectomy surgery with no gross residual disease No gross disease visible on imaging at the start of radiotherapy Definitive/gross total lesion resection No gross disease visible on imaging at the start of radiotherapy Subtotal, gross total or biopsy patients will be eligible Gross tumor volume (GTV) or resection cavity must be visible on CT such that it can be delineated as a target for radiotherapy