--- a +++ b/clusters/3009knumclusters/clust_260.txt @@ -0,0 +1,853 @@ +Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma of the prostate) +Previous chemotherapy with at least 3 cycles of docetaxel for hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer +Pure small cell or other variant (non-adenocarcinoma) prostate cancer histology for which treatment with abiraterone would not be considered appropriate +Previous radical surgery (prostatectomy) or cryosurgery for prostate cancer +Pathologically (histologically) proven diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma; prostatectomy must have been performed within 10 years prior to Step 1 registration and any type of radical prostatectomy is permitted, including retropubic, perineal, laparoscopic or robotically assisted +Prior whole gland ablative therapy (i.e. cryoablation or high intensity focused ultrasound [HIFU]) for prostate cancer is not allowed +International prostate symptom score (IPSS) of < 15 21 days prior to registration +Willingness and ability to complete the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) questionnaire +Histological or cytological proof of prostate cancer +Subjects on bisphosphonates for any cancer or on hormone therapy for prostate cancer may continue this therapy. However, subjects with prostate cancer must have confirmed metastatic disease that has progressed despite hormonal therapy producing castrate levels of testosterone. +Second malignancy currently requiring active therapy (except for hormonal/antihormonal treatment, e.g. in prostate or breast cancer). +Treatment with any of the following for prostate cancer within 4 weeks prior to day 1 of treatment: +Saw palmetto or other therapies thought to have endocrine effects on prostate cancer +Localized prostate cancer that has been treated surgically with curative intent and presumed cured +Prostate cancer patients must have received and progressed on enzalutamide +Prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) +Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer, defined by progressive disease based on either rising PSA, new bone metastases, or progression of measurable disease on standard imaging, according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) guidelines, despite androgen deprivation therapy +Curatively treated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or prostate carcinoma with current prostate specific antigen < 0.01 ng/mL; or +Histological or cytological proof of prostate cancer +Previously identified small cell neuroendocrine tumours or pure small cell carcinoma of the prostate, based on a prior biopsy of the prostate. +Evidence of prostate cancer progression by any of the following criteria: radiographic or PSA criteria, or symptomatic progression related to prostate cancer +Histologic confirmation of original prostate cancer diagnosis per institutional standard; life expectancy of greater than 6 months +Subject is unwilling to stop using herbal supplements that can affect the PSA, such as saw palmetto or prostate cancer (PC)-SPES +Progressive prostate cancer by either serum PSA levels, soft tissue or bone disease as defined by the PCWG2 criteria. +Solid tumors measurable according to RECIST 1.1 or solid tumors not measurable according to RECIST 1.1, but which express tumor markers (e.g., prostate cancer with prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression or ovarian cancer with cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) expression) are eligible. +Concurrent malignancy requiring active therapy\r\n* Patients with localized prostate cancer having undergone surgery or radiation (field confined to =< 30% of marrow-bearing bone) at least 30 days prior to study treatment are eligible +Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma; variants of prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine features and small cell carcinoma of the prostate, are not permitted +Other malignancy, unless the patient has been disease-free for at least 3 years following the completion of curative intent therapy, with the following exceptions:\r\n* Treated non-melanoma skin cancer, any in situ carcinoma, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, regardless of the disease-free duration, are eligible for this study if definitive treatment for the condition has been completed\r\n* Organ-confined prostate cancer with no evidence of recurrent or progressive disease based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values are also eligible for this study if hormonal therapy has been initiated, or radical prostatectomy or definitive prostate irradiation has been performed +Previous prostate cancer surgery to include: prostatectomy, hyperthermia and cryosurgery. +Prior systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer. +Prior use of ketoconazole for the purposes of prostate cancer therapy +No other concurrent invasive malignancies treated for the past year (localized prostate cancer or early stage skin cancer are not exclusion criteria) +pure small cell, neuroendocrine or other variant (non-adenocarcinoma) prostate cancer histology +use of opiate analgesics for prostate cancer pain within 4 week of treatment start +Castration-resistant prostate cancer requires the following criteria:\r\n* A castrate level of testosterone (< 50 ng/dL)\r\n* Prostate cancer progression on or since last treatment as documented by PSA rise or bone progression according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) or soft tissue radiographic progression according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria version 1.1\r\n* If on anti-androgen, will need to show no PSA decline after at least a 6 week withdrawal period from the last dose of bicalutamide or nilutamide or 4 weeks from last flutamide dose\r\n* Will require a 2 week washout period from last dose of ketoconazole, abiraterone acetate or radiation +Treatment with abiraterone acetate for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in the past is required; it does not need to be the last treatment prior to enrollment +Pathology consistent with majority of specimen having small cell carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer with neuroendocrine features is acceptable) +Symptomatic prostate cancer as determined by cancer-related pain requiring narcotic pain medication or any other clear and unequivocal symptoms related to prostate cancer +Histologic or cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features +Must have received at least 1 line of AR-targeted therapy or androgen bio-synthesis inhibitor (e.g., abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide) for prostate cancer (PCa) +Histological or cytological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Patients receiving denosumab or bisphosphonates for any cancer, or undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer, are eligible for this therapy +Pain due to metastatic prostate cancer requiring treatment intervention +Prior treatment with docetaxel or cabazitaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is prohibited +Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic form of prostate cancer +Confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate that is documented by one of the following: pathology report or clinic note with documented history of prostate cancer +Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer; prior treatment with genomically-targeted agents, or Provenge is allowed +Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia without evidence of prostate cancer +Histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate within 6 months of study enrollment +Patients must have metastatic prostate cancer with histological or cytological confirmation. +Patients must have documented histological or cytological evidence of tumor(s) of the prostate. +Organ confined clinical T1C or clinical T2a prostate cancer that is visualized on MR imaging +Prostate cancer is diagnosed by MR image guided biopsies +Gleason Score ? 7; and 2 or less positive lesions on prior MR US fusion guided prostate biopsy. +History of prior treatment for prostate cancer. +Lower urinary tract symptoms defined by International Prostate symptom score (IPSS) > 20 +Subject has received prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Histologically documented adenocarcinoma prostate cancer confirmed by a pathology report from prostate biopsy or a radical prostatectomy specimen; if prostatic tumor is of mixed histology, > 50% of the tumor must be adenocarcinoma +No other concurrent anticancer therapy or prior prostate cancer vaccines expressing TARP +Previous treatment with docetaxel for metastatic prostate cancer +Have minimally symptomatic metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer with bone lesions; this patient population is defined as having failed hormone treatment and has insurance approval for PROVENGE therapy +Prostate cancer pain requiring regularly scheduled narcotics +Low-grade prostate cancer +Decision to manage prostate cancer with active surveillance +For brachytherapy, prostate volume must be less than 55cc prior to AS. +Previous prostate cancer surgery to include: prostatectomy, hyperthermia and cryosurgery. +Previous androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer. +Prior systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer. +Prostate cancer\r\n* Patients with localized prostate cancer (T1b-T3b) in whom brachytherapy will be integrated as a boost to external beam radiation or used as monotherapy for definitive management +Histological or cytological proof of prostate cancer +Prior androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer for more than 6 months +Prior systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer confirmed by either the Laboratory of Pathology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center or Walter Reed National Military Medical Center at Bethesda prior to starting this study. If no pathological specimen is available, patients may enroll with a pathologist’s report showing a histological diagnosis of prostate cancer and clinical course consistent with the disease. +Prior ADT with GnRH analogue for prostate cancer for more than 2 weeks +Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic form prostate cancer; no use of regularly scheduled opiate analgesics for prostate cancer-related pain; (patients with a malignancy other than prostate cancer are excluded from this criterion) +Cytologically or histologically confirmed prostate cancer for which no curative standard approved therapy is available by either the laboratory of pathology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center or Walter Reed National Military Medical Center at Bethesda prior to starting this study; if no pathologic specimen is available, patients may enroll with a pathologist’s report showing a histological diagnosis of prostate cancer and a clinical course consistent with the disease +No previous local therapy for prostate cancer +Prostate deemed resectable by surgeon +Previous local therapy for prostate cancer +Previous chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Cohort B2\r\n* Rising PSA after RP with:\r\n** Extrapelvic metastases as documented by choline, fluciclovine F18 (FACBC) or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET which are:\r\n*** Amenable to treatment with a maximum of 3 radiation isocenters*\r\nAnd/Or\r\n*** Retroperitoneal nodes up to the level of the renal hilum with/without pelvic nodal metastasis\r\n** No evidence of local recurrence on MRI scan of the prostate bed\r\n** Prior salvage radiotherapy is permitted\r\n*Multiple lesions within one isocenter may be permitted upon review by the sponsor’s radiation oncologist +Prior treatment for prostate cancer including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] and patients with rising PSA after RP), pelvic lymph node dissection, radiation therapy unless the patient is eligible for cohort B2 +Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or biologic therapy for prostate cancer +Prior radiation therapy to the prostate or lower pelvis encompassing the prostate +History of second malignancy within 2 years prior to study day 1 (except for excised and cured non-melanoma skin cancer, carcinoma in situ of breast or cervix, superficial bladder cancer, stage I differentiated thyroid cancer that is resected or observed, or pT1a /pT1b prostate cancer comprising < 5% of resected tissue with normal prostate specific antigen (PSA) since resection, or cT1a/cT1b prostate cancer treated with brachytherapy or external beam radiation therapy with normal PSA since radiation) +Radically treated prostate cancer (prostatectomy or radiotherapy) with normal prostate-specific antigen, and not requiring ongoing antiandrogen hormonal therapy. +Subject has been on abiraterone for castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) or castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Subjects who have received abiraterone for CSPC must have had a response to hormonal therapy, as defined by any decline in PSA, radiographic response and/or clinical benefit after starting hormonal therapy. Subjects who have received abiraterone for CRPC must have responded to abiraterone, defined by any decline in PSA, radiographic response, and/or clinical benefit after starting abiraterone. +Measurable disease, with the exception of prostate cancer +Subjects on bisphosphonates/denosumab for any cancer or on hormone therapy for prostate cancer may continue this therapy; however, subjects with prostate cancer must have confirmed metastatic disease that has progressed despite hormonal therapy or refused or is intolerant of hormonal therapy +History of radiation that would overlap with the intended treatment to the prostate bed +At least 1 line of taxane-based chemotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer with documented evidence of disease progression while on therapy or within 3 months after discontinuation of therapy in the castrate-resistant setting +Progression of metastatic prostate cancer in the setting of castrate levels of testosterone or history of bilateral orchiectomy at study entry +Prior treatment with: LHRH agonist/antagonists; second generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors such as enzalutamide, ARN-509, darolutamide (ODM-201); other investigational AR inhibitors; CYP17 enzyme inhibitor such as abiraterone acetate or oral ketoconazole as antineoplastic treatment for prostate cancer, chemotherapy or immunotherapy for prostate cancer prior to randomization. +If have untreated primary prostate cancer: must undergo debulking prostatectomy +If had prior definitive radiation therapy to the prostate: no evidence of locally persistent or recurrent prostate cancer on digital rectal exam (DRE) and imaging studies (CT or MRI) +Concomitant radiation treatment to primary prostate site +Prior treatment for prostate cancer, including ADT, orchiectomy, antiandrogens, ketoconazole, abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide +Prior radiation to the prostate +Use of other investigational agent for prostate cancer +Histologic confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Histopathological documentation of prostate cancer confirmed in either the Laboratory of Pathology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, or Walter Reed National Military Medical Center prior to enrollment; if no pathologic specimen is available, patients may enroll with a pathologist’s report showing a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer and a clinical course consistent with the disease +Histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer identifying Gleason score of 3+4 on one half of the prostate gland in no more than 2 sextants of the prostate gland and not present in more than 50% of any one core taken systematically. The involvement criterion does not apply to cores taken from MRI suspicious volumes. +Patients with concomitant Gleason score 3+3 prostate cancer in less than 50% of any core at any site will be considered eligible. +Prostate cancer stage up to cT2a - N0/Nx - M0/Mx. +Prostate volume ?25 mL and ?70 mL. +Any prior or current treatment for prostate cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy (external or brachytherapy) or chemotherapy; +Histologically-confirmed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma; variants of prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine features and small cell carcinoma of the prostate, are not permitted +Histologic confirmation of prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosis +Previous or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Subjects must have the diagnosis of prostate cancer and be on active surveillance (AS). For the purpose of this study, active surveillance implies prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 10 ng/mL, biopsy Gleason sum =< 6 with no pattern 4 or 5, cancer involvement of < 33% of biopsy cores, and clinical stage T1/T2a tumor. +Subjects must be willing to have prostate biopsies nine months after enrollment into the protocol. +Subjects receiving any treatment other than AS for prostate cancer. +Patients who have had any prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. +Patients with known metastatic prostate cancer. +Any prior treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with carboplatin, cisplatin, cabazitaxel or olaparib. +Gleason 7 – 10, cT2a – cT3b adenocarcinoma of the prostate with plans for radical prostatectomy +Subjects must have measurable disease (RECIST v 1.1) or patients may have bone metastatic disease evaluable by Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) for subjects with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) or according to tumor evaluation criteria best suitable and accepted for the tumor type evaluated. +Patients with a current diagnosis of prostate cancer will be excluded +Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients (do not require narcotics for prostate cancer-related pain). +Prior use of taxane-based chemotherapy for treatment of castrate resistant prostate cancer. +Prior use of abiraterone and other hormonal agents used to treat prostate cancer are permitted but abiraterone acetate should be stopped prior to study treatment initiation +Patients with high-risk prostate cancer (at least 1 core with Gleason sum >= 8) must have at least three core biopsies involved with cancer (a minimum of 6 core biopsies, must be obtained at baseline). A prostate biopsy within 3 months from screening is allowed for entry requirements. +No prior treatment for prostate cancer including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), cryoablation, pelvic lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. +Diagnosis of prostate cancer undergoing prostatectomy +Histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, >= Gleason 6, clinical stage T1a-T2c and planned for radical prostatectomy +Ongoing hormonal therapy administered for control of cancer (e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer), which may be continued throughout the study +Prior malignancy active within the previous 3 years except for locally curable cancers that have been apparently cured, such as basal or squamous cell skin cancer, prostate cancer without evidence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression or carcinoma in situ such as the following: gastric, prostate, cervix, colon, melanoma, or breast for example +Is a candidate for, in the opinion of the investigator, at least 1 year of continuous androgen deprivation therapy for the management of androgen-sensitive advanced prostate cancer with one of the following clinical disease state presentations: +Previous systemic cytotoxic treatment for prostate cancer (eg: taxane-based regimen); +For male subjects, the digital rectal examination must not be suspicious for carcinoma of the prostate. +Histopathologically proven adenocarcinoma, Gleason grade ? 7 of the prostate planned radical prostatectomy; appropriate for treatment with paclitaxel therapy +Prostate size ? 50 cc +Any previous local treatment of the prostate (i.e. radiation) +Histological proof of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (prostate cancer progressing despite castrate levels of testosterone [< 50 ng/dL]), using standard measures of progression defined by Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) +Prior local non-surgical therapy to treat prostate cancer (e.g. radiation therapy, brachytherapy) +Prostate cancer proven by histopathology +Progressive castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer with histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features +Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic from prostate cancer +No treatment with any of the following for prostate cancer within 4 weeks prior to enrollment: +Histological or cytological proof of prostate adenocarcinoma (Note: small-cell carcinoma of the prostate is not permitted) +No prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Patients who are not appropriate candidates for prostate SBRT +Prior immunotherapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Prior treatment with chemotherapy (docetaxel or cabazitaxel) for castration resistant prostate cancer +Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer; histologic variants of prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine features and small cell carcinoma of the prostate are included; if neuroendocrine prostate cancer is not biopsy proven, clinical evidence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer is acceptable for stratification into group A +Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia without evidence of prostate cancer. +Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate and: Gleason > 8 OR prostatic specific antigen (PSA) > 20 and more than 1 positive core +Metastatic prostate cancer +Patients on herbs or other alternative medicines for the treatment of prostate cancer, including but not limited to saw palmetto, PC-SPES +For the neoadjuvant cohort, patients must have histopathological documentation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate prior to starting this study and evaluable biopsy tissue (e.g., unstained slides or blocks) available for analysis; if evaluable tissue is not available, the patient must agree to undergo a pre-vaccination prostate biopsy on study; for the CRPC lead in cohort, if histopathological documentation is unavailable, a rising PSA and a clinical course consistent with prostate cancer would be acceptable +Patients must have chosen radical prostatectomy as their definitive treatment of choice for management of their prostate cancer +Progression of metastatic prostate cancer in the setting of castrate levels of testosterone or history of bilateral orchiectomy at study entry +Initial prostate biopsy is available for central pathologic review, and is confirmed to show at least 2 positive cores and a Gleason sum of >= 7 +Prior immunotherapy/vaccine therapy for prostate cancer +Prior use of experimental agents for prostate cancer +Patients with active 2nd malignancies other than myelofibrosis, AML, excised skin cancer, early stage cervical and prostate cancer +Prostate biopsy with Gleason score and TNM staging within 180 days prior to registration +Histologically proven persistent or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the prostate following prior external beam radiation therapy +Prior thermal ablative therapy for prostate cancer (e.g. high-intensity focused ultrasound [HIFU] or cryoablation) +Willing to undergo prostatectomy as primary treatment for localized prostate cancer +High risk prostate cancer (per National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN] criteria): Gleason score 8-10 or T3a or PSA > 20 ng/mL or very-high risk prostate cancer (per NCCN criteria): T3b-T4 +Prior local therapy to treat prostate cancer (e.g. radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, brachytherapy) +Histologic evidence of small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer +For confirmation of high risk local failure status, patients will have any one of the following:\r\n* Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) or extraprostatic extension (EPE) within 1 year of enrollment into the study\r\n* Pre-biopsy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >= 20\r\n* Gleason score 7-10 (Gleason 7 must be 4+3), presence of any Gleason 5 (even if a tertiary score) as determined at diagnostic biopsy\r\n* Gleason score 7 and > 50% of biopsy cores positive for prostate cancer\r\n* Clinical stage >= T3 (staging by imaging acceptable) +Patients on herbs or other alternative medicines for the treatment of prostate cancer, including but not limited to saw palmetto, PC-SPES +Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with histological or cytological confirmation without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell histology and with G 4+3 or higher, and PSA >= 10, and >= T2b, for whom radical prostatectomy has been recommended and who choose to undergo radical prostatectomy +mCRPC EXPANSION COHORT: Patients must have metastatic, progressive, castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) +mCRPC EXPANSION COHORT: Documented histopathological confirmation of prostate cancer from a CLIA- certified laboratory +Cohort B – Prostate cancer (Gleason 7 or less); must have histological proof of Gleason =< 7 with no evidence of metastatic disease (patient with any degree of extra-prostatic capsule extension are not eligible +Patients with other active cancers receiving anti-cancer agents, with exceptions being hormonal therapy for breast or prostate cancer and skin cancers treated with local therapies only +Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate as documented by a minimum 12 core prostate biopsy completed within 1-year of enrollment (note: most recent prostate biopsy must have demonstrated prostatic adenocarcinoma) +Prior local therapy to treat prostate cancer (e.g. radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, brachytherapy) +Prior local therapy to treat prostate cancer (e.g. radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, brachytherapy) +Ongoing systemic therapy for prostate cancer including, but not limited to:\r\n\t* Immunotherapy (e.g. sipuleucel-T, ipilimumab)\r\n\t* Non-protocol prescribed chemotherapy (e.g. cabazitaxel) +localized prostate cancer undergoing surveillance or surgery; +Patients who have had prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Very low risk and low risk groups will be confirmed by Oncotype DX prostate cancer test and provided a genomic prostate score (GPS) +Prior history of treated prostate cancer +Histologically-proven prostate adenocarcinoma\r\n* Gleason score 6-10 based on a review of the prostate core biopsies at Moffitt Cancer Center +No prior total prostatectomy or cryotherapy of the prostate\r\n* Prior transurethral resection or laser ablation is permitted +No prior radiotherapy to the prostate or lower pelvis +Does not have a diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma +Prostate volume greater than 80 cc on transrectal ultrasound +Prior total prostatectomy or cryotherapy of the prostate +Histological or cytological evidence of metastatic prostate cancer with progression defined in PCWG3; Scher HI 2015 and intolerance of standard chemotherapy +Biopsy positive for adenocarcinoma of the prostate containing any quantity of Gleason 3 component (e.g. Gleason score 3+3, 3+4, 4+3) +Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma of the prostate) +Small cell or other variant (non-adenocarcinoma) prostate cancer histology, unless there is evidence that the tumor expresses PAP +PHASE II STUDY METASTATIC CASTRATE-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER COHORT 4 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA (MEDI+O ONLY):\r\nMust have metastatic, progressive, castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) +PHASE II STUDY METASTATIC CASTRATE-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER COHORT 4 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA (MEDI+O ONLY):\r\nHistopathological confirmation of prostate cancer by the Laboratory of Pathology of the NCI or Pathology Department of the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center is required prior to entering this study; patients whose pathology specimens are no longer available may be enrolled if the patient has a clinical course that is consistent with prostate cancer and available documentation from an outside pathology laboratory of the diagnosis; all efforts should be made to have the material forwarded to the research team for use in correlative studies in cases where original tissue blocks or archival biopsy material is available +PHASE II STUDY METASTATIC CASTRATE-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER COHORT 4 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA (MEDI+O ONLY):\r\nPatients must have received prior treatment with enzalutamide and/or abiraterone with the exception of patients who were treated with docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer and progressed on docetaxel treatment or who progress within one month of the last docetaxel dose +PHASE II STUDY METASTATIC CASTRATE-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER COHORT 4 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA (MEDI+O ONLY):\r\nPatients who were treated for metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer with docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy who progress on docetaxel treatment or who progress within one month of the last docetaxel dose are eligible +=< 3 months from a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure +Previous radical surgery (prostatectomy) or cryosurgery for prostate cancer +Have a pathological diagnosis of prostate carcinoma +Prostate cancer with significant sarcomatoid or spindle cell or neuroendocrine small cell components +Participation in other clinical trials of investigational agents for the treatment of prostate cancer or other diseases. +Gross residual disease in the prostate fossa appreciated wither on digital rectal examination (DRE) or on imaging, unless biopsy proven not to contain cancer +Prior radiation of any kind to the prostate gland or pelvis\r\n* Prior brachytherapy is not allowed +History of other active malignancies < 3 years prior to screening except basal cell carcinoma, low grade Gleason score ? 6 prostate cancer that has been removed with undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and in situ cervical carcinoma. +Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic (not requiring opioids for cancer related pain) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients on abiraterone as standard of care and achieved at least 50% decline of their pre-treatment PSA +Except GnRH analogue therapy, any other therapies for prostate cancer (excluding bisphosphonate and denosumab) must be discontinued 3 weeks before the first dose of study drugs +Histologic confirmation of diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate will be required by biopsy +Patients should not have undergone previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) within 1 year +Documented pathologic confirmation of prostate adenocarcinoma +No prior transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) +History of radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), or BT for prostate cancer +Prior cabazitaxel or radium 233 for prostate cancer +Prior cryosurgery, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or brachytherapy of the prostate +Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate from a prostate biopsy or prostatectomy specimen (primary site), or histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma/carcinoma in a metastatic site of disease in the setting of elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) and imaging consistent with metastatic prostate cancer, or history of prostate cancer with documented metastasis, or histologically confirmed other solid tumor malignancy, multiple myeloma, or plasmacytoma with pathological confirmation of metastasis +Patient must have a histological evaluation of the prostate biopsy with assignment of a Gleason score to the biopsy material; Gleason scores =< 7 (3+4) +Patient willing and able to complete the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire (baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months post end of radiation therapy) +Previous radical surgery (prostatectomy), cryosurgery, or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for prostate cancer +Previous or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Pain due to metastatic prostate cancer requiring opioid analgesics +Prior treatment with docetaxel or cabazitaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is prohibited +Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate obtained within 6 months of screening; patients in whom a diagnosis of high-risk localized or locally-advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma is suspected based on a serum PSA > 20 ng/mL or clinical T3 disease by digital rectal examination, but who have not yet undergone diagnostic prostate biopsy, will be eligible for screening and initial MRI and targeted prostate cancer biopsies which will be obtained at the same time as diagnostic biopsies; those patients in whom the diagnostic biopsies confirm prostatic adenocarcinoma will be permitted to continue with study treatment if they meet all additional eligibility criteria +Concomitant treatment with agents thought to have endocrine effects on prostate cancer: PC-SPES, saw palmetto +Previous radical surgery (prostatectomy) or cryosurgery for prostate cancer +Prior pharmacologic androgen ablation for prostate cancer is allowed only if the onset of androgen ablation is =< 60 days prior to the date of registration +Histological evaluation of prostate biopsy with assignment of a Gleason score to the biopsy material demonstrating Gleason score 2-7 within 365 days of registration +Previous prostatectomy, cryosurgery, or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for prostate cancer +Any concurrent active malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancers or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix; patients with previous malignancies but without evidence of disease for > 3 years will be allowed to enter the trial; patients with a history of a T1a or b prostate cancer (detected incidentally at transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] and comprising less than 5% of resected tissue) may participate if the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remained within normal limits since TURP removal +Prior radical prostate surgery, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), or prostate cryotherapy +Pre-SBRT prostate volume > 120 cc as estimated by trans-rectal ultrasound at time of prostate biopsy (TRUS biopsy) +Biopsy proven prostate cancer +Histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate; histologic variants of prostate cancer comprising of > 50% of the tumor including neuroendocrine features and small cell carcinoma of the prostate are excluded +Radiographic evidence of metastatic disease based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria OR by prostate cancer-specific positron emission tomography (PET) imaging; evaluable non-target lesions and/or bone only metastasis are permitted per RECIST 1.1 and Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG3) guidelines; non-target, pathological lymph nodes >= 10 mm and less than 15 mm in the short axis are permitted +Previously treated with ketoconazole for prostate cancer for greater than 7 days +Documented evidence of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). +Second malignancy currently requiring active therapy, except breast or prostate cancer stable on or responding to endocrine therapy. +Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed (with ?10 core biopsy) within 6 months of screening. The biopsy that was used for this diagnosis must be submitted for central pathology review. +Prior radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy for prostate cancer +Prior transurethral resection of the prostate or prior transurethral microwave thermotherapy of the prostate +Noninvasive basal cell and squamous cell skin carcinoma Radically treated prostate cancer (prostatectomy or radiotherapy) with normal prostate-specific antigen, and not requiring ongoing antiandrogen hormonal therapy +Patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate that in the opinion of the urologist could be resected after response to systemic therapy; ductal adenocarcinoma is permitted +Patients who have had prior chemotherapy, experimental agents for prostate cancer, or patients receiving more than 8 weeks of prior hormone therapy will be excluded +Age >= 70 years AND/OR Charlson comorbidity index score >= 2 (prostate cancer diagnosis does not contribute to total score) +Prior radical surgery (prostatectomy), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or cryosurgery for prostate cancer +Patients who have had any form of prior prostate treatment (radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, high intensity focused ultrasound) will not be eligible +Previous prostate cancer surgery to include: prostatectomy, hyperthermia and cryosurgery +Prior systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Histologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma:\r\n* Gleason score 2-7 \r\n* Biopsy within one year of date of registration +No prior prostatectomy or cryotherapy of the prostate +No prior radiotherapy to the prostate or lower pelvis +Any patient with clinically localized, histologically proven adenocarcinoma of prostate who has not received any treatment for prostate cancer ever and has chosen active surveillance; treatment for prostate cancer is defined as prostatectomy, androgen deprivation, brachytherapy or a full course of external beam irradiation +Prior or current therapy for prostate cancer +The patient has decided to undergo external beam radiation as treatment choice for his prostate cancer +Radical surgery for carcinoma of the prostate +Status post definitive local therapy (radical prostatectomy) for pathological proven prostate cancer +Asymptomatic patients with non-metastatic, biochemical progression of prostate cancer +Diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma as confirmed by the investigator +Curatively treated incidental prostate cancer (T1/T2a) +mCRPC that has progressed on at least 1 therapy progression (defined as Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 [PCWG2] or at investigators’ discretion) approved for treatment of mCRPC, one of which must include abiraterone acetate and/or enzalutamide +Advanced prostate cancer +Previous or current hormonal management of prostate cancer (unless terminated at least 12 months prior to trial) +Prostate cancer +Standard of care medical management of current prostate cancer disease status by the patient’s local oncologist, e.g. androgen deprivation therapy is allowed +Patients who have known additional malignancies other than UBC within 2 years before initiation of study treatment; exceptions include malignancies with a negligible risk of metastasis or death and treated with expected curative outcome (e.g., non–melanomatous skin cancers), or localized prostate cancer treated with curative intent and absence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse or incidental prostate cancer +Patient must have evidence of castration resistant prostate cancer as evidenced by PSA progression (per Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 [PCWG3] criteria) and a castrate serum testosterone level (i.e., ? 50 mg/dL) +No prior chemotherapy for the treatment of mCRPC; patients may have received docetaxel for the treatment of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer +Patients with pain attributable to their prostate cancer +Patients with pathologically?confirmed N1 prostate cancer +Prior cryosurgery, high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU) or brachytherapy of the prostate +Male having a diagnosis of clinically-significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) made within the past 12 months (Gleason 7-9) with no evidence of metastatic disease; all outside pathology will be re-reviewed at University of Southern California (USC) to verify diagnosis +Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents or have received any definitive prostate cancer (PCa)-specific treatment (en-bloc resection of bladder tumors [EBRT], Brachytherapy etc) prior +No prior abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide or apalutamide or other novel AR or CYP17 antagonist, or docetaxel for castration resistant prostate cancer; if used for hormone naïve disease, last dose was at least 12 months prior to randomization +Have progressive advanced prostate cancer based on at least one of the following criteria:\r\n* Gleason score of ? 7\r\n* Any PSA\r\n* TNM clinical stage T3-T4, N1 +Men with metastatic, castration resistant prostate cancer involving the bone, which is symptomatic or asymptomatic +Patients taking herbal or other alternative medicines for the treatment of prostate cancer, including but not limited to saw palmetto, prostate cancer (PC)-SPES +Progression on a prior regimen/line of an androgen synthesis inhibitor for prostate cancer +Second malignancy currently requiring active therapy, except breast or prostate cancer stable on or responding to endocrine therapy. +Histological or cytologic evidence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate confirmed at local institution +IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) =< 20 +Prior treatment for prostate cancer; this includes any prior surgery (including transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), chemotherapy, radiation, or anti-androgen therapy +Subjects must have biopsy-confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Pathologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma +No prior radical prostate surgery +Castration-resistant prostate cancer requires the following 3 criteria:\r\n* Progression after surgical castration or on gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonist\r\n* A castrate level of testosterone (< 50 ng/dL)\r\n* Prostate cancer progression documented by PSA rise or bone progression according to Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG2) +Pathology consistent with majority of specimen having small cell carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer with other neuroendocrine features is acceptable) +If present, primary disease in the prostate must be stable for > 6 months (defined as no growth > 5 mm) +Evidence of local recurrence in the prostate bed +Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) +Prior chemotherapy for castration resistant prostate cancer; neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemotherapy given for hormone sensitive prostate cancer are allowed +Prostate cancer pain requiring regularly scheduled narcotics +Subjects with untreated organ confined prostate cancer (clinical stage =< T2b, Gleason =< 3 + 4 with no more than a 50% component of Gleason 4) +Prostate abscess, chronic or acute prostatitis, or neurogenic bladder +Prostate cysts or prostate calcifications > 1 cm on ultrasound +Diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, confirmed by H. Lee (L.) Moffitt Cancer Center review +No prior treatment for prostate cancer +Prostate cancer clinical stage T2a and below +Prostate size < 60 cc on transrectal ultrasound +Patients with other active malignancies (besides AML, ALL, MDS) requiring treatment or where there is concern of progression are ineligible for this study; however, patients with previously treated skin cancer, early stage cervical or prostate cancer may be eligible if there is no evidence of residual disease +Prior radiation therapy to prostate or prostate bed is allowed provided it occurred > 3 months before enrollment to the study +History of prior malignancy within the past 5 years, except for curatively treated basal cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, or localized prostate cancer with a current prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of < 1.0 mg/dL on 2 successive evaluations, at least 3 months apart, with the most recent evaluation no more than 4 weeks prior to entry +Patients with histopathologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Patients with prior chemotherapy given for castrate-resistant prostate cancer +Known active invasive malignancy (except for non-melanomatous skin cancer or anaplastic thyroid cancer; the presence of prostate cancer confined to the prostate with a prostate-specific antigen [PSA] =< 1 ng/mL for more than 6 months also is allowed) +Patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance at low risk for progression, defined as Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) < 10 ng/dL, Gleason score 6 and clinical stage tumor-1 (cT1) are permitted to be in the study at the discretion of the investigator (see exclusion criterion 10). +Disease progression according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria during or following treatment with an androgen pathway inhibitor (that is, enzalutamide, abiraterone) for metastatic CRPC +Prior chemotherapy (for example, docetaxel, cabazitaxel) for treatment of CRPC, except when docetaxel has been given for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer +Subjects must have documented histological or cytological evidence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. +Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Has had a prior radium treatment or treatment with other therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer +For Cohort B: Has received prior treatment with docetaxel or another chemotherapy agent for metastatic prostate cancer +For Cohort C: Has received prior chemotherapy for mCRPC. Prior docetaxel for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is allowed if ?4 weeks elapsed from last dose of docetaxel +For Cohort C: Has a history of prostate cancer progression on ketoconazole +A history of prostate cancer that was identified incidentally following cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer is acceptable, provided that the following criteria are met: Stage T2N0M0 or lower; Gleason score ?6; Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) level undetectable. +Prostate cancer initially treated by radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy (including brachytherapy) or both, with curative intent; +Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, aminoglutethimide, ketoconazole, abiraterone acetate, or enzalutamide for prostate cancer; +Prior systemic biologic therapy, including immunotherapy, for prostate cancer; +Biopsy-confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Biopsy (minimum 10 cores) obtained ? 6 weeks and ? 6 months before treatment, or at the discretion of PI. +Prior definitive treatment of prostate cancer +Prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) +Prostate calcifications > 1 cm in largest diameter, on Baseline Ultrasound +Any prostate related investigational therapy within 6 months of Visit 1 +Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (T1a or T1b using the TNM [tumor, nodes, metastasis] clinical staging system) or prostate cancer that is curative +Histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer (individuals with primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate are excluded) +Must have documented progressive disease by meeting at least one of the Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 Criteria +adenocarcinoma of the prostate that has been surgically treated with a post-treatment PSA that is undetectable; +The patient has decided to undergo external beam radiation as treatment choice for his prostate cancer +International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) > 15 +Radical surgery for carcinoma of the prostate +Previous chemotherapy unless intervention was greater than 5 years from beginning treatment for prostate cancer +Subject has received any prior pharmacotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery for metastatic prostate cancer (the following exceptions are permitted): +Prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy for prostate cancer. +Asymptomatic prostate cancer; +Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia without evidence of prostate cancer +Prior use of immunotherapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Prior radiation therapy for prostate cancer +Prior investigational therapy for prostate cancer +Diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma as confirmed by the investigator +Incidental histological finding of prostate cancer (TNM stage of T1a or T1b) +Patients must have histological, pathological and/or cytological confirmation of prostate cancer. +Patients must have progressive, metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) as defined below: +Patients must have histological, pathological and/or cytological confirmation of prostate cancer +Willingness and ability to complete the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) questionnaire +Androgen suppression or anti-androgen therapy within the 12 months prior to dosing, for prostate cancer. +Any previous ablative procedures performed on the prostate, e.g., electroporation, radiofrequency ablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryosurgery, photochemical, thermal or microwave therapy to treat cancer of the prostate. +Metastatic, castrate resistant prostate cancer (M1 by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria) +Histological or cytological evidence of prostate adenocarcinoma. +Histologic confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate by biopsy; +CT scan or Ultrasound-based volume estimation of prostate gland ? 100 grams; +Previous surgery for prostate cancer +Previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) +Ultrasound or CT estimate of prostate volume > 100 grams +Patients with a histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Patients must have metastatic prostate cancer (clinical stage D1 or D2 disease), with previously documented lymph node, soft tissue and/or bone metastases by radiographic imaging (including computed tomography [CT] [or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] of abdomen and pelvis and bone scintigraphy); patients in situations in which there is a reasonable clinical suspicion of a second primary tumor (or other non-prostate cancer reason for radiographic abnormalities) are not eligible unless metastatic disease is histologically confirmed to be prostate cancer +Small cell or other (non-adenocarcinoma) variant prostate cancer histology +Patients must not have plans to receive concomitant chemotherapy, other biological or immune therapies, or radiation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer during the period of study treatment +Have progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, on androgen deprivation therapy, based on as least one of the following criteria: +The patient has decided to undergo brachytherapy (or brachytherapy plus external beam radiation) as a treatment modality for his prostate cancer +Prostate volume by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) < 55 cc +International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) 20 or less +Patients who have received more than 2 prior non-docetaxel containing cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). +Have biopsy proven carcinoma of the prostate +Agree to have prostate biopsy blocks provided to the study for evaluation +Have an active malignancy other than prostate cancer that requires therapy +Prior radical prostatectomy or cryosurgery for prostate cancer or bilateral orchiectomy +Received prior treatment for prostatic adenocarcinoma including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), radiation therapy, or chemotherapy +Prostate biopsy within 180 days prior to registration +Prior radical prostatectomy or cryosurgery for prostate cancer +Biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate, performed up to 6 months prior to scheduled treatment. +Prostate gland volume should be no greater than 70 cc, volumetrically measured. +History of orchiectomy, PCa-specific chemotherapy, cryotherapy, Photodynamic therapy or radical prostatectomy for treatment of prostate cancer; any prior radiation therapy to the pelvis for prostate cancer or any other malignancy. +Prostate with multiple cystic lesions. +Implant near (<1 cm) the prostate +Prior radical surgery (prostatectomy), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or cryosurgery for prostate cancer +Prior RT, including brachytherapy, to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of RT fields\r\n* Any patient undergoing brachytherapy must have transrectal ultrasound confirmation of prostate volume < 60 cc, American Urological Association (AUA) score =< 15 within 60 days of registration, and no history of prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); prior TURP is permitted for patients who receive EBRT only +Histologically confirmed recurrent adenocarcinoma of the prostate =< 1 year prior to registration and >= 18 months following localized treatment of: \r\n* EBRT or\r\n* Permanent prostate brachytherapy or\r\n* High dose rate brachytherapy or\r\n* Any combination of the above radiotherapy treatments or\r\n* Prostatectomy; patients who have a localized recurrence following prostatectomy with a discernible mass identifiable on trans-rectal ultrasound that can be readily accessed as judged by the treating urologist or radiation oncologist +Evidence or history of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Prostate size > 140 cc or pubic arch interference study demonstrating unacceptable prostate access by the transperineal approach +Prior treatment with chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer +Patient may have had prior systemic therapy and/or ADT associated with treatment of their primary prostate cancer; patient may have had ADT associated with salvage radiation therapy (to the primary prostate cancer or pelvis is allowed) +Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) +Prior salvage treatment to the primary prostate cancer or pelvis is allowed +No prior systemic therapy for metastatic prostate cancer +Received prior therapeutic intervention for metastatic prostate cancer +Prostate cancer with significant sarcomatoid or spindle cell or neuroendocrine small cell components +Prior ADT for prostate cancer (including bilateral orchidectomy), except in the following settings: +Participation in other clinical trials of investigational agents for the treatment of prostate cancer or other diseases. +Patients with histologically proven prostate cancer treated with surgery, radiation, or the combination of surgery and radiation for prostate cancer (metastatic to regional lymph nodes) with resection of the nodes, who now has a rising PSA value after definitive local therapy, and no visible metastatic disease on conventional imaging studies +Concurrent active malignancy under treatment except prostate or breast cancer undergoing treatment with hormonal therapy +Prostate cancer < Gleason score 6 with stable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) over 12 months +Initiation of new treatment with denosumab, bisphosphonates, or systemic corticosteroids for treatment of prostate cancer within 4 weeks before enrollment; +Use of opiate analgesics for prostate cancer pain within 4 weeks before enrollment; +Patients must have documented histological or cytological evidence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. +Subjects who have undergone previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or cryotherapy to the prostate +ENTRY CRITERIA: Metastatic, castration resistant prostate cancer progressing on enzalutamide after initial response to enzalutamide +Malignancies other than UBC within 5 years prior to Cycle 1, Day 1, with the exception of those with a negligible risk of metastasis or death and treated with expected curative outcome, or localized prostate cancer treated with curative intent and absence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse or incidental prostate cancer +Intermediate risk prostate cancer patients will be eligible for this study; intermediate risk grouping will be assessed per National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines as: \r\n* Pathologically-proven diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma\r\n* PSA 10-20 ng/mL or\r\n* Gleason = 7 or\r\n* Clinical stage T2b/c +Additionally, patients will be required to meet the following criteria \r\n* Karnofsky performance status (KPS) >= 70\r\n* Prostate volume =< 60 cc (cytoreductive androgen deprivation therapy prior to brachytherapy of =< 6 months duration will be allowed to achieve this goal); for patients with a prostate volume between 50-60 ccs, hormone therapy will be at the discretion of the physician\r\n* International Prostate Symptom Score =< 15 +Prior prostate surgery (including transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]) +Must have 3 core biopsies involved with cancer (a minimum of 6 core biopsies must be obtained); prostate biopsy must be within seven months from screening; this includes prostate biopsy from men previously followed by active surveillance; less than 3 core biopsies is allowed if the patient has > 1 cm or T3 disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) +Prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy for prostate cancer +Adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Prostate cancer progression documented by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) according to the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG2) or radiographic progression of soft tissue according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST) modified based on PCWG2, or radiographic progression of bone according to PCWG2 +Previously treated with ketoconazole for prostate cancer for greater than 7 days +Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer that elect to undergo primary cryotherapy of the prostate +Patients who are diagnosed with clinical stage T1a -T2c prostate cancer +Prior transurethral resection of the prostate with a large tissue defect (at the discretion of the investigator) +The patient has pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Prostate cancer progression since last prior therapy documented by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) or radiographic progression according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria version 1.1 +Patients must have chosen radical prostatectomy as their definitive treatment of choice for management of their prostate cancer +Prostate cancer progression +Chemotherapy, or immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer within 4 weeks of Treatment Cycle 1, Day 1 +Subjects must have metastatic prostate cancer mass tissue collection within 3 months of study entry +Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features with progressive metastatic disease based on any of the following:\r\n* Rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA): minimum of 3 rising levels, with an interval of at least 1 week between each determination; the last determination must have a value >= 2 ng/mL, obtained within 4 weeks of starting study drug, or\r\n* Measurable disease: new or progressive soft tissue disease on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, or\r\n* Radionuclide bone scan: at least 2 new bone lesions, as defined by the Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria1 +Have pathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer +History of prostate cancer progression of ketoconazole +Prostate cancer progression documented by prostate specific antigen according to the Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria or radiological progression according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1. +Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic prostate cancer. +Treatment with more than one chemotherapy agent for prostate cancer +Stage T4 prostate cancer by clinical examination or radiologic evaluation +Prior androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation for prostate cancer +Radiographic evidence of disease progression in bone (according to Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 2 [PCWG2] criteria) with or without PSA progression +Treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer within the previous 4 weeks prior to randomization, or planned treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy agents for prostate cancer during the treatment period or follow-up +COHORT A: Prior ketoconazole, abiraterone acetate, or enzalutamide for the treatment of prostate cancer +COHORT A: Current or prior investigational therapies for prostate cancer, or chemotherapy administered with the intention to treat prostate cancer +COHORT B: Current or prior investigational therapies for prostate cancer, or chemotherapy administered with the intention to treat prostate cancer +Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (TNM stage of T1a or T1b) +Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer +Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, aminoglutethimide, ketoconazole, abiraterone, or enzalutamide for the treatment of prostate cancer +presence of Alzheimer's disease, meningioma, leptomeningeal disease from prostate cancer. +Candidate for abiraterone therapy with documented evidence of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Metastatic status is defined as at least one documented metastatic lesion on either bone scan or CT/MRI scan. Castration resistant prostate cancer is defined as rising PSA or other signs of disease progression despite treatment with androgen deprivation therapy and the presence of a castrate level of testosterone (?50 ng/dL). +More than 2 prior courses of chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer +Previous use of immunotherapy or radium-223 for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer +Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic from prostate cancer +Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or biologic therapy for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) +Previous treatment with ketoconazole for prostate cancer for greater than 7 days +Diagnosed with prostate cancer, T1-T2bN0M0 Gleason score (GS) 6-7; prostate specific antigen (PSA) < 20 +Progressive castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer with histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features +Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features with high risk for development of metastases, defined as prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) less than or equal to (<=) 10 months. PSADT is calculated using at least 3 prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values obtained during continuous ADT (androgen deprivation therapy) +Prior treatment with radiopharmaceutical agents, or any other investigational agent for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer +At least a 4 week interval from previous prostate cancer treatment other than LHRH agonist/antagonist therapy, bisphosphonates, or denosumab to enrollment +Histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate; histologic variants of prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine features and small cell carcinoma of the prostate are excluded +Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or biologic therapy for the treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) +Previously treated with ketoconazole for prostate cancer for greater than 7 days +Prior radiotherapy to the prostate or pelvis (related to prostate cancer); concurrent adjuvant radiation therapy is permitted once patient has been enrolled on trial +Prior use of abiraterone acetate or cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer +History of diagnosis of prostate cancer after undergoing prostatectomy +Participants must have radiographic evidence of metastatic prostate cancer +Participants must have progressive disease despite ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and castrate levels of testosterone, defined as castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) +Histopathological documentation of prostate cancer confirmed in the Laboratory of Pathology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, or Walter Reed National Military Medical Center prior to enrollment; if no pathologic specimen is available, patients may enroll with a pathologist's report showing a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer and a clinical course consistent with the disease +Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer confirmed by either the Laboratory of Pathology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center at Bethesda prior to starting this study; if no pathologic specimen is available, patients may enroll with a pathologist's report showing a histological diagnosis of prostate cancer and a clinical course consistent with the disease +Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic from prostate cancer; no use of regularly scheduled opiate analgesics for prostate cancer-related pain +Patients with prior chemotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer within a year are excluded +Patients who have had chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; (patients who have had docetaxel for metastatic castration sensitive disease per ChemoHormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer [CHAARTED] Data may enroll as long as they did not have progressive disease while on docetaxel and are 6 months removed from treatment, will all treatment related toxicities resolving to at least grade 1) +Histological documentation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with available biopsy pathology; biopsy material must be available for pathologic review +No prior radiation or chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatment +Clinical evidence of metastatic prostate cancer +Prostate cancer pain requiring regularly scheduled narcotics. +Diagnosis of prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation +Histologically documented diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (PCa) with no histologic variants +Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or biologic therapy for prostate cancer +Prior ketoconazole, abiraterone acetate, or enzalutamide for the treatment of prostate cancer +Second malignancy currently requiring active therapy (except for hormonal/anti-hormonal treatment e.g. in prostate or breast cancer). +Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma of the prostate) +Small cell or other variant prostate cancer histology +Progressive disease at study entry defined by PSA and/or radiographic criteria according to the Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) +History of progression of prostate cancer while receiving ketoconazole +The subject has had progression of prostate cancer during 6 cycles of prior docetaxel treatment for castrate sensitive disease +The subject has received chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer +Histologic proof of prostate adenocarcinoma +Have a histologic or cytologic diagnosis of prostate cancer +Patient must have a history of prostatectomy (Open Radical or Robotic Assisted) with histopathologic documentation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Patient must be a candidate for salvage radiotherapy to the prostate bed +Histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Other malignancy, unless the patient has been disease-free for at least 3 years following the completion of curative intent therapy, with the following exceptions: treated non-melanoma skin cancer, any in situ carcinoma, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, regardless of the disease-free duration, are eligible for this study if definitive treatment for the condition has been completed; organ-confined prostate cancer with no evidence of recurrent or progressive disease based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values are also eligible for this study if hormonal therapy has been initiated, or radical prostatectomy or definitive prostate irradiation has been performed +Prior radical prostatectomy or cryosurgery for prostate cancer or bilateral orchiectomy +Patients with a histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Small cell or other variant prostate cancer histology +Patients must not have been treated with a prior vaccine therapy for prostate cancer +E 01. Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer, +Small cell prostate cancer +Histological or cytological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Biopsy-proven (consisting of >= 10 tissue cores) adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed within 24 months prior to pre-registration \r\n* < 25% of biopsy tissue cores positive for cancer\r\n* =< 50% of any one biopsy tissue core positive for cancer\r\n* Clinical stage =< T2a\r\n* Patients who have prostate cancer with distant metastases are not eligible\r\nNOTE: if a patient undergoes a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer is diagnosed incidentally from the TURP specimen, eligibility for CALGB 70807 cannot be determined from the TURP specimen; however, if the patient subsequently undergoes a minimum 10-core prostate biopsy within 2 years of prostate cancer diagnosis from the TURP, and prostate cancer is detected in the biopsy specimen and meets the requirements above, the patient is eligible for this study; if prostate cancer is not detected in the biopsy specimen, the patient is not eligible +Patients who have had prior treatment for prostate cancer by surgery, irradiation, local ablative (i.e., cryosurgery or high-intensity focused ultrasound), or androgen-deprivation therapy are not eligible +Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic from prostate cancer +“Currently active” second malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancers; patients are not considered to have a “currently active” malignancy if they have completed therapy more than 3 years ago and are considered to have a less than 30% risk of relapse based on the enrolling investigator’s assessment and documented in the medical record; a history of prostate cancer that was identified incidentally following cystoprostatectomy or cystectomy for bladder cancer is acceptable, provided that the following criteria are met: \r\n* Stage T2N0M0 or lower \r\n* Gleason score =< 7, negative margins at surgery, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) undetectable after surgery +Biopsy proven intermediate risk prostate cancer, which includes patients with any one of the following variables:\r\n* Gleason 7 disease\r\n* Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10-20 ng/ml\r\n* Clinical T2b-T2c disease\r\n* Note: Patients who only have radiographic evidence of T3 disease (i.e. extracapsular extension, or seminal vesical invasion radiographically) will not be excluded +Prior treatment for prostate cancer, including history of chemotherapy, hormonal therapy within 30 days of enrollment or surgery for prostate cancer (except for prior transurethral prostatic resection [TURP] or greenlight photoselective vaporization of the prostate [PVP] which would be allowed) +No other malignancy except for non-melanomatous skin cancer, early stage prostate cancer (T < 2a and prostate specific antigen [PSA] < 10 and glucosinolates [GLS] < 7) or a carcinoma not of head and neck origin disease free for > 5 yrs +Any concurrent anti-cancer therapy, excluding hormonal therapy for prostate or breast cancer +Patients with histologically proven prostate cancer and tumors limited to the prostate (including seminal vesicle involvement, provided all visible disease was surgically removed) that have completed local therapy and have an elevated PSA after surgery or rising PSA after radiation therapy +Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (TNM stage of T1a or T1b) +Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (TNM stage of T1a or T1b) +prostate biopsy with ?10 core biopsies demonstrating 1 or more cores positive for cancer cells, within 6 months prior to treatment; +prostate volume ? 40 gms(cc) (HIFU subject prostate volume will be initially calculated utilizing TRUS measurements during screening and verified with the use of the Sonablate before initiating the HIFU procedure. Patients with prostate volumes greater than 40 gm(cc) as determined by either measurement will not be enrolled in the study); +AP diameter of the prostate must be ?4.0cm; +a debulking transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is not acceptable once the screening biopsy for patient selection has been conducted; +prior treatment for prostate cancer, other than EBRT or hormone therapy; +prostate seroma/abscess; +Low-risk prostate cancer with Gleason score <7 and prostate-specific antigen <10 mg/mL +Second malignancy currently requiring active therapy (except for hormonal/anti-hormonal treatment, eg, prostate or breast cancer). +Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate +Inadequate washout of prohibited hormonally active agents or other prior treatments for prostate cancer (PCa) +Previous radical surgery (prostatectomy) or cryosurgery for prostate cancer +Previous or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure +Treatment with abiraterone acetate prior to enzalutamide for metastatic castration - resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the prechemotherapy setting. (Note: Patients who have received concomitant enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate therapies are not excluded). +Have abnormal digital rectal examination, or abnormal prostate specific antigen (> 4.0 ng/ml), or obstructing prostate, or biopsy proven prostate cancer +Scheduled for prostate surgery, i.e. transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or prostatectomy +Metastatic asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients who are eligible for sipuleucel-T +Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), with accessible metastatic soft-tissue lesions for tumor biopsy +asymptomatic prostate cancer without known metastatic disease and with no current requirement for therapy or requiring only hormonal therapy and with normal prostate specific antigen for ? 1 year prior to enrollment, or +If < 3 cores then at least one prostate core must contain >= 30% prostate cancer +Patients must be males with histologically confirmed and clinically localized low-grade and low-volume prostate cancer demonstrated at the time of initial diagnosis +Have a confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer +Other primary solid tumor with no known active disease presents that in the opinion of the investigator that will not affect patient outcome in the setting of current prostate cancer diagnosis. +The subject has a proven histologic diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma, but may have undergone prior surgery and/or radiation +localized prostate cancer +Had a second malignancy within the previous 5 years, except for basal cell carcinoma, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia or treated prostate cancer with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of <2.0 ng/mL; +Prostate cancer progression documented by PSA and/or radiographic progression according to prostate cancer working group 2 (PCWG2). +Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (TNM stage of T1a or T1b). +Patient must have evidence of castrate resistant prostate cancer as evidenced by a confirmed rising PSA (per Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 [PCWG2] criteria) and a castrate serum testosterone level (i.e. =< 50 mg/dL) +No other systemic therapies for prostate cancer within 28 days prior to initiation of this protocol +No history of radiopharmaceuticals (strontium, samarium) for prostate cancer treatment +Subjects who are currently receiving or have had previous hormonal, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer +Histologic proof of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with clinical evidence of metastatic disease to the bone +Metastatic, castrate resistant, histologically confirmed prostate cancer; surgically castrated or continuous medical castration for ? 8 weeks prior to screening +Patient must have evidence of castration resistant prostate cancer as evidenced by a confirmed rising PSA (per Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 [PCWG2] criteria) and a castrate serum testosterone level (i.e. =< 50 mg/dL) +Men aged 18 to 90 years with a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer; +Scheduled TRUS-guided biopsy because of clinically suspected prostate cancer (abnormal serum prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level and/or abnormal digital rectal examination) +No treatment for prostate cancer has been administered or will be administered before TRUS guided biopsy +Appearance of 2 or more new bone lesions according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2). +Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate\r\n* In situations where pathology reports documenting prostate cancer are no longer available such as when the initial biopsy or prostatectomy was performed in the remote past, a documented history of prior prostate cancer and prostate cancer treatment in prior medical records will be sufficient +Prior docetaxel or other chemotherapy for mCRPC; patients who have received docetaxel for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer are eligible +Pure small cell carcinoma of the prostate or any mixed histology cancer of the prostate (eg: neuroendocrine) that contains < 50% adenocarcinoma, as observed on biopsy obtained at the time of diagnosis or on any subsequent biopsies +Metastatic prostate carcinoma and at least one of the following: +Histologic diagnosis of small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer +Histologic diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma plus > 50% immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin or neuron specific enolase) +Histologic confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Primary prostate cancer tissue available for analysis is not required for inclusion onto this study but is strongly encouraged +T1a or b prostate carcinoma involving < 5% of resected tissue and PSA within normal limits (WNL) since resection +Patients with known evidence of active cancers, or other cancer under active treatment; exceptions include patients with no evidence of disease receiving adjuvant hormone-based therapy or either breast or prostate cancer +Patients may not have received any prior pharmacologic therapy or RT for prostate cancer +Prostate cancer with the following pathological characteristics:\r\n* Gleason sum >= 8 AND at least 2 discrete core biopsies containing a minimum of 20% cancer OR\r\n* Gleason pattern 4 + 3 = 7 AND greater than 50% of biopsies positive for prostate cancer +Adequate diagnostic prostate core biopsy specimen for pharmacodynamics evaluation (tissue block, or at least 15 unstained sections), or willingness to consent to and undergo a pretreatment ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate +Prior androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer +Prior history of transurethral resection of the prostate +Men with metastatic prostate cancer that require castration therapy with either using an luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue or surgical castration are eligible; complete androgen blockade using anti-androgen therapy prior to castration or up to approximately 4-6 weeks following castration therapy is permitted to prevent disease flare; thereafter anti-androgen therapy may continue or be discontinued based on treating physicians preference; or\r\n* Any men with prostate cancer who are candidates for castration therapy despite no evidence of definite metastatic disease including patient with biochemical failure or rising PSA are also permitted to enter study provided castration therapy is planned for a minimum of a year; patients with biochemical failure prior to enrollment should have also have already received appropriate salvage therapy; men with prostate cancer who have already started castration therapy are also permitted to enter study provided castration therapy was initiated within one month of study entry; or\r\n* Men with prostate cancer previously treated with castration therapy for management of localized prostate cancer in the adjuvant setting or in combination with radiation therapy are permitted to enter study provided they currently have known metastatic disease and have non-castrate testosterone levels (testosterone > 50 ng/dL) +Up to 6 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that was pathologically confirmed as adenocarcinoma of the prostate and with evidence of metastatic disease on bone scan or other imaging. Patient must have progressive disease after at least one hormonal treatment and one cytotoxic therapy e.g. with docetaxel, mitoxantrone. +prostate cancer < Gleason score 6 with stable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) over 12 months +Patients who have had chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer +Have had treatment with docetaxel for the treatment of metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer within 6 months before the first dose of study enrollment +Have had progression of prostate cancer on prior docetaxel treatment for castrate sensitive disease +Adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Prostate cancer progression documented by 1 of the following: PSA progression according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria, radiographic progression by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or bone scan +Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer +Prior therapy with other CYP17 inhibitor(s) or investigational agent(s) targeting the androgen receptor for metastatic prostate cancer +Prior ketoconazole for prostate cancer +Inclusion Criteria:\n\n Men, ?18years of age with documented asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic\n castration-resistant prostate cancer.\n\n Documented progressive disease post surgical castration or during androgen suppression\n therapy, or during complete androgen blockade therapy and withdrawal. Documented by either\n criterion a (Radiological progression), OR criterion b (PSA progression).\n\n 1. Radiological progression defined as any new/enlarging bone metastases or new/enlarging\n lymph node disease, consistent with prostate cancer.\n\n OR\n\n 2. PSA progression defined by sequence of rising values separated by > 1 week (2 separate\n increasing values) over a threshold minimum of 2.0 ng/ml. (PCWG2 PSA eligibility\n criteria).\n\n Chemotherapy naïve and Vaccinia-experienced (previous smallpox vaccination). Currently\n using a GnRH agonist or antagonist (unless surgically castrated).\n\n Exclusion Criteria:\n\n Cancer-related pain requiring scheduled opioid narcotics for control (as needed, ? 2x per\n week is allowed).\n\n Metastasis to organ systems other than lymph nodes and/or bone. Estimated PSA doubling time\n of <1 month as established within 6 months of the anticipated first dose of vaccine or\n placebo.\n\n Concurrent or prior Provenge (sipuleucel-T) immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Receipt of\n an investigational agent within 30 days (or 60 days for an antibody-based therapy) of the\n first planned dose of PROSTVAC-V/F.\n\n History of prior malignancies other than prostate cancer within the past 3 years, excluding\n successfully resected basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.\n\n Congestive heart failure (NYHA Class II, III, or IV), unstable angina, ventricular or\n hemodynamically significant atrial arrhythmia, or cardiovascular disease such as stroke or\n myocardial infarction (current or within the past 6 months) Confirmed positive for HIV,\n hepatitis B, and /or hepatitis C. Immunodeficiency or splenectomy. History of or active\n autoimmune disease, persons with vitiligo are not excluded. Diabetics are not excluded if\n the condition is well controlled.\n\n History of atopic dermatitis or active skin condition (acute, chronic, exfoliative) that\n disrupts the epidermis. +Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone metastasis: --Progressive Disease in the setting of castrate level of testosterone +Neuroendocrine prostate cancer. +Histologic documentation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate that is unresponsive or refractory to hormonal therapy +Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) +Prior ketoconazole for prostate cancer +DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Histologically confirmed, locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the\n prostate, including: Bulky primary tumors confined to the prostate (clinical Stage T2c)\n Primary tumors extending beyond the capsule (clinical Stage T3-4) No common iliac or\n para-aortic nodal involvement Regional lymph node involvement below the common iliac level\n allowed Positive nodes on imaging studies must be biopsied by FNA or surgical sampling PSA\n no more than 150 (mandatory) No distant metastases\n\n PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: At least 50 Performance status: Karnofsky 70-100%\n Hematopoietic: Not specified Hepatic: Not specified Renal: Not specified Other: No prior or\n concurrent second cancer except basal cell skin cancer No major medical or psychiatric\n illness that would prevent completion of treatment or interfere with follow-up\n\n PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: Not specified Chemotherapy: No prior\n chemotherapy Endocrine therapy: No prior hormonal therapy Radiotherapy: No prior\n radiotherapy Surgery: No prior radical surgery for carcinoma of the prostate +Incidental histological finding of prostate cancer (TNM stage of T1a or T1b) +Patients must have at least three core biopsies involved with cancer (a minimum of 6 core biopsies must be obtained at baseline); at least 1 core with Gleason sum >= 8; a prostate biopsy within 3 months from screening is allowed for entry requirements +No prior treatment for prostate cancer including prior surgery (excluding transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]), cryoablation, pelvic lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy or chemotherapy +Patient must have evidence of castration resistant prostate cancer as evidenced by a confirmed rising PSA (per Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 [PCWG3] criteria) and a castrate serum testosterone level (i.e. =< 50 mg/dL); if a subject also received an anti-androgen, he must first progress through antiandrogen withdrawal prior to being eligible; the minimum timeframe to document failure of anti-androgen withdrawal will be four weeks +Patients must have received at least one of the approved products known to improve the overall survival of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (i.e. abiraterone, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-t, radium-223, docetaxel or cabazitaxel) +Primary diagnosis of prostate cancer selected for surgical intervention by one of the six protocol surgeons (Chapin, Davis, Matin, Pettaway, Pisters, Ward) +Primary diagnosis of untreated with clinically localized prostate cancer with Gleason score of 6, 7,8 or 9 +Prostate size on trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) measurement less than 50 grams +Have histologically confirmed organ-confined prostate cancer - Clinical Stage T1 or T2a, +Able to visualize prostate gland adequately on transrectal ultrasound imaging during enrollment evaluation, +Has no prostate calcification greater than 5 mm in the treatment zone, as noted by TRUS, +Have had prior or current prostate cancer therapies: +Biologic therapy for prostate cancer +Chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer within three months of procedure, +Radiotherapy for prostate cancer, +The study population will consist of patients who have undergone primary therapy (prostatectomy or primary radiation) for biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate and now have biochemical-only recurrence +Prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Past history of prostate cancer or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with only active surveillance (i.e., no surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy) +Patient has a primary diagnosis of localized prostate cancer (T1; T2, N=0 M=0; T3, N=0, M=0) +Patient has had previous definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer +Patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who are about to receive definitive treatment with either radiation with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or prostatectomy AND who also have a spouse or been in a committed relationship with their partner for at least 6 months who is willing to participate in the study +Must be diagnosed with prostate cancer and on active surveillance within the past 36 months (or the spouse or significant other of someone with prostate cancer on active surveillance)\r\n* While AS criteria for each program varies slightly, all programs use the following clinical and pathological criteria:\r\n** Clinical stage T1c or T2a prostate cancer, verified by a participating urologist\r\n** Diagnosis of prostate cancer made on a 12 core needle biopsy (if any of this information was unavailable prior to consent or on the diagnostic biopsy report, the eligibility was contingent on either urologist review of the diagnostic biopsy or the pathological data from the confirmation biopsy)\r\n** Biopsy Gleason score =< 6 OR Gleason score 7 (3+4 ONLY), with =< 3 cores positive +Patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer with one of the consenting surgeons at MSKCC +Patients scheduled for minimally-invasive radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer with one of the consenting surgeons at MSKCC +Have pursued any active therapy for prostate cancer will be excluded. +Histological or cytological proof of prostate adenocarcinoma +Subjects may have received up to one or two doses of their planned chemotherapy prior to enrollment; otherwise the restrictions for prior therapy:\r\n* Breast cancer subjects may have received curative-intent chemotherapy for a separate malignancy more than 3 years ago\r\n* Prostate cancer subjects may have received prior treatment with metronomic cyclophosphamide as this is considered anti-angiogenic/immunomodulatory and not cytotoxic\r\n* Prostate cancer subjects may be receiving a 2nd course of docetaxel provided that \r\n** The first course resulted in a prostate specific antigen (PSA) response (> 30% reduction in PSA and/or improvement in radiographic findings or pain) and the last dose was >= 9 months ago +Men with a new histologic diagnosis of localized prostate cancer +Individuals with a medical condition that necessitates a specific prostate cancer treatment plan +Diagnosed with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer (stages I-III) +Histologically or cytologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate; if pathology is unavailable, the principal investigator (PI) may also make a determination of prostate cancer based on unequivocal clinic data +Use of herbal products that may have hormonal anti-prostate cancer activity and/or are known to decrease PSA values (e.g., saw palmetto) or systemic corticosteroids for prostate cancer within 4 weeks of day 29 visit (start of enzalutamide and ADT) +Subject must currently be receiving enzalutamide for prostate cancer in a study sponsored by Astellas or Medivation and, based on the investigator's assessment, benefit from continued treatment. Subjects participating in investigator-initiated trials are not eligible. +Must have 3 core biopsies involved with cancer; prostate biopsy must be within seven months from screening; less than 3 core biopsies is allowed if the patient has > 1 cm or T3 disease on MRI +Prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer, or immunotherapy for prostate cancer +Metastatic prostate cancer (hormone-sensitive, de novo, or castration resistant) +Localized prostate cancer with Gleason score >= 8 +Prostate cancer diagnosis and a family history potentially indicating a germline mutation (e.g. breast cancer diagnosed at age =< 50, ovarian, pancreatic, uterine, colorectal, prostate cancer or sarcoma, in one or more first or second degree relatives) +Localized prostate cancer previously treated and in remission for >= 2 years +PROSTATE CANCER COHORT: +Have been diagnosed with localized breast or prostate (stages 1-2) or colorectal cancer (stage 1-3) +Any active malignancies being treated other than bladder cancer (incidentally found prostate cancer at RC is acceptable). +Men who do not reside in one of the four neighborhoods, who self-report that they have previously been diagnosed with prostate cancer, or who have had prostate cancer screening (prostatic specific antigen [PSA] or digital rectal examination [DRE]) within the past 12 months +Subjects must have prostate cancer being treated via radical prostatectomy by a single surgeon (primary investigator) with planned intraoperative nerve sparing. +Patient with a diagnosis of advanced cancer (metastatic or recurrent incurable solid tumors excluding prostate cancer) +Patients with prostate cancer +Diagnosed with prostate cancer +Starting or have started androgen deprivation therapy (oral or injection) for prostate cancer treatment within the last 3 months +Not diagnosed with prostate cancer +Not receiving or planning to receive ADT for prostate cancer treatment within the last three months +Initiating ADT for prostate cancer prior to the previous 3 months or are not on ADT holiday +Diagnosis of prostate cancer +Diagnosis of prostate cancer +Has been diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (i.e. pathologically and/or radiographically confirmed) +Has no other active primary malignancy aside from prostate cancer +Has NOT been diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (i.e. pathologically and/or radiographically confirmed) +Has other active primary malignancy aside from prostate cancer +Any prior chemotherapy for castrate-resistant prostate cancer +Previous prostate surgery +PROSTATE CANCER: Histologically confirmed prostate cancer +Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate, clinically localized, low or low-intermediate risk disease (T1C/T2a, Gleason =< 7 [3+4], prostate-specific antigen [PSA] < 20) +NON-RANDOMIZED OBSERVATIONAL COMPONENT ELIGIBILITY:\r\nHistologically-documented localized (stage < T3) prostate adenocarcinoma +Any prior or concurrent treatment for prostate cancer +Patients with a primary diagnosis of either breast, lung, prostate, or colorectal cancer within the last two years +Asymptomatic, or minimally symptomatic from prostate cancer or prostate cancer related therapies\r\n* No opioid-requiring cancer related pain \r\n* Any therapy related genitourinary or gastrointestinal symptoms should be considered as mild (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] grade 1 or 2) and not interfering with activities of daily living +Have a diagnosis of prostate, breast, lung, lymphoma, or gynecological cancer +Are receiving active treatment (e.g., radiation, hormone, or chemotherapy) or have been receiving treatment in the past 6 months for prostate, breast, lung, lymphoma, or gynecological cancer +Subjects without a diagnosis of prostate cancer. +Have 2 or more family members on the same side of the family with breast, ovarian, pancreatic, or prostate cancer +Patient must have non-metastatic, biopsy proven prostate cancer +Prior surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancer +Men with prostate cancer managed at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) +Have non-metastatic prostate cancer and =< clinical T3a disease at diagnosis +Receiving hormonal therapy for prostate cancer +Histologic confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Metastatic, castrate resistant, histologically confirmed prostate cancer; surgically castrated or continuous medical castration for ? 8 weeks prior to screening +urothelial, SCHNN, prostate, soft tissue sarcoma, prostate cancer, TNBC, ccRCC, NSCLC: 1-5 prior treatments +Have metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (prostate cancer progressing despite castrate levels of testosterone [< 50 ng/dL] using standard measures of progression defined by Prostate Cancer Working Group 2), are chemo-naive for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); patients must have symptomatic disease or visceral metastases or otherwise be eligible for docetaxel treatment per investigator judgment (e.g. for progression on imaging or rapidly rising PSA despite 2nd line hormonal treatment);\r\n* Note: Six cycles of prior docetaxel are allowed in hormone-sensitive disease, per Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 3805 data and have been off of docetaxel for at least 12 months +Have a pathological diagnosis of prostate carcinoma +Patients with a history of other malignancies will not be excluded, as long as they are currently receiving treatment for lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, GYN, or other solid tumor cancer +Cancers not usually occurring in childhood/adolescent or young adult populations, such as lung or prostate cancer +Have a diagnosis of prostate cancer and are scheduled to receive radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy +Having completed definite treatment of localized prostate cancer (surgery or radiation) +Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis +Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and scheduled to undergo RALP at City of Hope National Medical Center +Prior radiotherapy to the pelvis or prostate +Participants recruited from the community must be scheduled for radical prostatectomy or have undergone RP within the past 12 months for clinically diagnosed prostate cancer +No restrictions on stage of cancer, Gleason score, and pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level +Patients with active 2nd malignancies other than myelofibrosis, AML, excised skin cancer, early stage cervical and prostate cancer +Elect to undergo transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy as part of routine clinical care +History of prior prostate biopsy in the last 5 years +Prior diagnosis of prostate cancer +Palpable nodule in both lobes of the prostate or evidence of extra-prostatic disease +Known personal history of prostate cancer +Arm 1 patients must have treatment-naive, Gleason >= 7 prostate cancer based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) or prostate mapping biopsy, have localized disease, and have decided to undergo radical prostatectomy (open or robotic) as definitive treatment for their prostate cancer +For Arm 1 patients, the time from the TRUS prostate biopsy to the planned first study PET scan must be >= 1 month; for patients who have undergone prior prostate mapping biopsy, the time from the mapping biopsy to the planned first study PET scan must be >= 2 months +Men who will be undergoing transrectal ultrasound of the prostate with biopsy for the evaluation of prostate cancer in the Division of Urology at City of Hope, or at participating urology clinics +Men with a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer +Men without a prior diagnosis of prostate cancer but who have previously undergone a biopsy for a suspicious DRE or PSA +Risk of prostate cancer 20-60% calculated with the on-line PCPT prostate cancer risk calculator; PSA value must be obtained within 3 months prior to study entry +Patient has been recommended to undergo and plans to have a prostate biopsy +Prior history of prostate cancer +Diagnosed with prostate cancer +Have a prostate cancer diagnosis +Patient had a prostate biopsy performed by Dr. Mark with the Artemis device and has adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Diagnostic prostate biopsy with only 1 core with cancer and < 5% of tissue from that core involved with cancer +Biopsy-proven (consisting of >= 10 tissue cores) adenocarcinoma of the prostate with cancer present in at least one biopsy core, either random or targeted, in the most recent biopsy\r\n* All prior biopsies must meet the following: =< 50% of the total number of random biopsy cores positive for cancer\r\n* Gleason score =< (3+4) +No planned prostate biopsies during the intervention until after the post-intervention biopsy +Have had prior treatment for prostate cancer by surgery, irradiation, local ablative (i.e., cryosurgery or high-intensity focused ultrasound), or androgen-deprivation therapy +Patients who have prostate cancer with distant metastases +Castration-resistant prostate cancer +No concurrent treatment (hormonal, radiation or systemic chemotherapy) for prostate cancer during study enrollment is planned (unless participants demonstrate clinical evidence of prostate cancer progression such as symptoms, physical exam findings, a rapidly increasing PSA, or radiologic findings which confirm disease progression) +The subject has a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Subjects scheduled for robotic assisted radical prostatectomy for removal of localized prostate cancer; +Subjects who have previously had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or cryotherapy; +Subjects with a prostate volume of >80mL +Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (T1a or T1b using the tumor, nodes, metastasis [TNM] clinical staging system) +Anticipate needing secondary prostate cancer therapy within the next 6 months (i.e. radiation, or hormonal therapy) +Biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate (using a IMAGE-guided 14+ core mapping biopsy), and targeted cores as needed obtained up to 6 months prior to scheduled treatment. +Gleason score 7 (4 + 3 or 3 + 4), based on mapping prostate biopsy, with no more than 15mm cancer in maximal linear dimension in any single core. +History of orchiectomy, PCa-specific chemotherapy, brachytherapy, cryotherapy, Photodynamic therapy or radical prostatectomy for treatment of prostate cancer; any prior radiation therapy to the pelvis for prostate cancer or any other malignancy. +Prostate with multiple cystic lesions. +Evidence of distant prostate cancer, i.e., including lymph nodes and/or metastasis of cancer on imaging +Implant near (<1 cm) the prostate +Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (T1a or T1b using the TNM [tumor, nodes, metastasis] clinical staging system) or prostate cancer that is curative. +Prior radiation or ablative therapy to intended site of biopsy, if within the prostate bed +COHORT I: Biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Adenocarcinoma of the prostate, post radical-prostatectomy +Histopathology proven prostate cancer. +Histopathologically proven prostate cancer (PCa) +Patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate carcinoma with skeletal, visceral and/or nodal involvement +Histopathological proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Current investigational therapy for prostate cancer +Diagnosis of prostate cancer per National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines (T1-T4 disease) +Patients who have received androgen deprivation therapy or prior surgery for prostate cancer +Pathologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Biopsy-proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Histopathologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma +SUB-STUDY I: Newly diagnosed prostate cancer pathologically proven by prostate biopsy +SUB-STUDY I: Prostate biopsy histology grade >= Gleason 6, positive biopsy > 2 cores +SUB-STUDY I: At least 7 days after most recent prostate biopsy +SUB-STUDY I: Chemotherapy for prostate cancer +SUB-STUDY I: Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer +SUB-STUDY II: Prostate cancer pathologically proven by prostate biopsy +SUB-STUDY II: Chemotherapy for prostate cancer +SUB-STUDY II: Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer +SUB-STUDY III: Prostate cancer pathologically proven by prostate biopsy +SUB-STUDY III: Investigational therapy for prostate cancer less than 28 days prior to study PET imaging +Men scheduled for transrectal prostate biopsy or radical prostatectomy at Columbia University Medical Center +Signing consent for study imaging procedure and analysis of prostate biopsy +Patients must have confirmation of prostate cancer with identifiable metastatic disease on at least 1 clinically indicated imaging modality; if there is only soft tissue metastasis, one lesion must measure at least 6 mm or greater +Histological confirmation of prostate cancer +With a suspicion (elevated prostate specific antigen [PSA] and/or abnormal digital rectal exam)/diagnosis of prostate cancer +Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Men with prostate cancer and known bone metastases planned for new systemic therapy and/or radiotherapy and who have a planned clinically indicated staging multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) +Histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate; small cell or neuroendocrine tumors of the prostate are also permitted +Histological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate OR has a clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer and on active therapy or has received treatment for prostate cancer +Histopathological proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Biopsy-proven prostate cancer +Suspected prostate cancer based on elevated PSA level (>= 4) and abnormal digital rectal examination with clinical decision to proceed to prostate biopsy +Prostate cancer patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy +Patients will have been originally diagnosed with prostate carcinoma and have undergone what was considered definitive non-prostatectomy therapy for localized disease +Not otherwise eligible for prostate biopsy +Have biopsy proven carcinoma of the prostate +Have an active malignancy other than prostate cancer that requires therapy +History of biopsy proven or clinically documented castrate resistant prostate cancer which is metastatic to bone as assessed by medical record review +Patient must not have had any prior treatment for prostate cancer +Subjects must have an International Prostate Symptom Score of =< 15 +Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate +Biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate; biopsy may be performed outside of University of California San Francisco (UCSF), if detailed results of sextant biopsy are available; a minimum of 20 patients out of a planned enrollment of 50 patients must have high-risk disease as defined by primary Gleason score of 4 or 5 on prior prostate biopsy +Cryosurgery, surgery for prostate cancer, prostatic or pelvic radiotherapy prior to study enrollment; no limit on number of prior prostate biopsies; prior transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) is not allowed +Patients who have received any prior therapy for prostate cancer with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy +Men undergoing a first-time prostate biopsy driven by PSA elevation to rule out cancer +Prostate volume 20 - 100 cc +Any prior needle biopsy of the prostate +Newly diagnosed high-risk, localized or locally advanced prostate cancer pathologically proven by prostate biopsy within the past 12 months:\r\n* Clinical T3 or greater, or\r\n* PSA > 20 ng/ml, or\r\n* Clinically N1, or\r\n* Prostate biopsy histology grade ? Gleason 8-10 +At least 4 weeks after most recent prostate biopsy +Chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Investigational therapy for prostate cancer +The patient must have either 1) an established diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by biopsy or 2) cancer involving the liver by biopsy or radiographic criteria, or 3) prostate cancer by biopsy, with the intent of undergoing definitive dose radiation therapy to targets within the pancreas, liver, or prostate; patients with prostatectomy receiving post-operative radiotherapy are also eligible +Biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate within 18 months prior to enrollment +Pre-enrollment prostate biopsy must consist of at least 8 cores +Histological confirmation of prostate cancer +INCLUSION CRITERIA (NEXT 60 PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER): Histological confirmation of prostate cancer +INCLUSION CRITERIA (NEXT 60 PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER): Pathologically confirmed clinically localized intermediate risk or higher prostate cancer (clinical stage >= T2b or Gleason sum >= 7 or PSA >= 10 ng/mL) +INCLUSION CRITERIA (NEXT 60 PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER): Scheduled to undergo surgical resection with radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy +Prior treatment of prostate cancer including brachytherapy, radiation therapy, cryosurgery, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), or vaccine therapy +No prior local therapy (prostatectomy, radiation, cryotherapy) or hormonal therapy for prostate cancer +Radiotherapy (external beam irradiation alone or in combination with hormonal therapy and/or brachytherapy) was delivered as definitive therapy for prostate cancer and documentation is available +Histological confirmation of prostate cancer +Patient cannot start a new therapy for prostate cancer prior to study radiopharmaceutical imaging +Males scheduled for prostate biopsy (for known or suspected prostate cancer) followed by planned prostatectomy (population group A), or +Males with known (biopsy?confirmed) primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate undergoing active surveillance scheduled for prostate biopsy (population group B) +Patients with known or suspected prostate disease based on clinical data will be included in the study; patients with intermediate to high grade prostate cancer (Gleason’s score >= 7 and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] of > 10ng/dl) will be referred from the outpatient clinics after evaluation by the treating physicians +Plan to undergo external radiation treatment of prostate cancer +Biopsy proven, clinical stage 1-3 prostate carcinomas +Previous prostate surgery for prostate carcinoma (including, transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] and cryosurgery), local or systemic treatment for prostate carcinoma (e.g. radiation, androgen deprivation), pelvic radiation (e.g. rectal cancer), rectal surgery, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for bladder cancer +Prostate biopsy-naive or a single negative biopsy +Patients must be willing to undergo a radiologic imaging before and after biopsy of the prostate +Patients must be willing to undergo a biopsy of the prostate +Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 12 months of the study for other diagnoses not related to prostate cancer +Patients who had any surgery of the prostate including TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) +Patients who had > 1 prior prostate biopsy +Abnormal uptake in prostate necessitating biopsy +Less than 2 months since any prior prostate biopsy (to decrease false positive uptake from inflammation) +Patient is unable to receive high dose rate prostate brachytherapy +Biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Investigational therapy for prostate cancer +Minimum 10 core prostate biopsy showing histologically-confirmed prostate cancer within 12 months of enrollment reviewed by a pathologist from one of the Dana Farber (DF)/Harvard Cancer Center (HCC) associated hospitals +First diagnosis of prostate cancer > 12 months prior to enrollment +Prior prostate cancer-directed therapy including:\r\n* Androgen deprivation therapy\r\n* Radiation therapy to the prostate (external beam or brachytherapy)\r\n* Cryotherapy\r\n* High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)\r\n* Chemotherapy for prostate cancer +Prior transurethral resection of prostate +Patient is diagnosed with >= stage 3 breast cancer or >= stage 2 prostate cancer (and/or prostate-specific antigen [PSA] > 10 micrograms/L), including patient with recurrent breast or prostate cancer +History of adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with radical prostatectomy +History of prior radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer +Patients will have been originally diagnosed with localized (stage T1c, T2, or T3) prostate carcinoma and have undergone what was considered definitive non-prostatectomy therapy for localized disease +Bone scan findings characteristic for metastatic prostate carcinoma +Subject must be scheduled for a clinically indicated needle biopsy of the prostate based upon an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA), abnormal digital rectal examination, or based upon active surveillance of prostate cancer +Previous treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) +Histopathological proven prostate adenocarcinoma +Investigational therapy for prostate cancer +Known prostate cancer with a clinical concern for the presence of metastatic disease as delineated below:\r\n* Population 1: treatment naive patients with one of the following risk factors: Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score >= 5, PSA >= 15 ng/mL and/or Gleason score >= 4+4\r\n* Population 2: patients with biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy or radiation therapy with a PSA doubling time less than 12 months\r\n**These patients may have received androgen deprivation therapy prior to imaging\r\n* Population 3: patients with castrate resistant prostate cancer with progressive disease as defined by Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria \r\n** Patients with castrate resistant prostate cancer can be either on treatment or off treatment +Prostate biopsy must be reviewed at Brigham and Women’s Hospital or the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and should support a diagnosis of stage I-III prostate adenocarcinoma +Candidates with prostate specific antigen (PSA) greater than 20, digital rectal exam consistent with disease outside the prostate (clinical T3/T4 disease), or Gleason score 8 or greater, should have a bone scan and diagnostic pelvic CT or MRI to exclude metastatic disease; these must be performed within 90 days of registration +Participants should not have had prior curative local treatment for prostate cancer, including no radiotherapy or prostatectomy; a maximum 90 days of systemic androgen deprivation therapy prior to registration is allowed +Known diagnosis of prostate cancer +Diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, confirmed by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy +No prior treatment for prostate cancer +Prostate cancer clinical stage T1c +Diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy between 28 to 90 days prior to enrollment +Minimal tumor burden as defined by at least one of the following criteria: \r\n* One single core with >= 50% cancer burden and >= 5 mm tumor length\r\n* Two or more cores in the same prostate region, each with >= 30% cancer burden\r\n* Three or more cores positive for prostate cancer (of any magnitude of cancer burden) in the same prostate region\r\n* Gleason score of 7 or higher cancer burden\r\n* Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >= 10 ng/mL +Prior external beam, proton, or brachytherapy to the prostate +Scheduled for a TRUS biopsy based on clinical suspicion for prostate cancer +Individuals who have previously undergone biopsy of the prostate for diagnosis of prostate cancer +Prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosed by biopsy within 12 months prior to study registration +A diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma on more than one set of prostate biopsies, on separate calendar dates +The subject has biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate with intermediate to high risk disease by University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) scoring and possesses a Gleason 4 component to the tumor; subjects will be enrolled either prior to radical prostatectomy (N=5) or prior to initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist +/- antiandrogen) followed by definitive radiation therapy as their primary treatment for prostate cancer (N=5) +Prostate biopsy within 4 weeks prior to study entry +INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n - Ability to provide informed consent and willingness to comply with protocol\n requirements\n\n - Life expectancy ? 6 months\n\n Cohort A only:\n\n - A diagnostic trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy within 12 months of\n enrollment showing adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland\n\n - Within 90 days of consent, serum PSA ? 15.0 ng/mL or ? 7.5 ng/mL if on 5 ?-reductase\n inhibitors.\n\n - Candidates for active surveillance and/or a Gleason score ?3+4\n\n - Scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) with or without pelvic lymph node\n dissection (PLND)\n\n Cohort B only:\n\n - Very low risk (VLR) prostate cancer defined by 2016 NCCN Guideline criteria:\n\n - T1c stage, and\n\n - PSA < 10 ng/mL, and\n\n - Gleason score ? 6 with < 3 biopsy cores cancer positive and ? 50% cancer in any core\n based on prior prostate biopsy within 24 months of enrollment, and\n\n - PSA density < 0.15 mg/mL/g\n\n - Scheduled to undergo a reassessment of prostate cancer staging that includes prostate\n biopsy as part of routine follow-up\n\n EXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\n 1. Subjects administered a radioisotope within 5 physical half-lives prior to study drug\n injection.\n\n 2. Previous treatment with hormonal therapy, surgery (except biopsy), radiation therapy,\n LHRH analogs, and non-steroidal anti-androgens, for the treatment of prostate cancer\n or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)\n\n 3. Planned androgen or anti-androgen therapy prior to RP surgery or biopsy\n\n 4. Subjects with any medical condition or other circumstances that, in the opinion of the\n investigator, would significantly interfere with obtaining reliable data, achieving\n study objectives, or completing the study\n\n 5. Malignancy (not including curatively treated basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the\n skin) within the previous 5 years. (Ta stage transitional cell carcinoma bladder\n cancer with negative surveillance cystoscopy within the past 2 years may be included). +ARM I ONLY: For patients with presumed localized disease (any T, N0, M0), a multiparametric MRI (standard of care at the National Institutes of Health [NIH] Clinical Center) must be performed within 4 months of the 18F-DCFBC injection with findings suggestive for prostate cancer and a prostate lesion at least 6 mm or greater; must have histopathologic confirmation of prostate cancer prior to 18F-DCFBC imaging +Diagnosis: patients must have a diagnosis of prostate cancer by histologic verification and a hypoechoic lesion seen on ultrasound +Disease status: unfavorable intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer, Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Score (CAPRA 5-10) +Men at least 18 years of age referred with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer who have been advised to have a prostate biopsy +Suspected stage ? T2 on rectal examination (organ-confined prostate cancer) within the previous 3 months +Prior prostate biopsy +Prior treatment for prostate cancer +Subjects with clinically localized prostate cancer (outside pathology is acceptable) must have image guided biopsy confirmed prostate cancer and sufficient tissue available (obtained before or after 20 weeks of Eovist® injection) for OATP1B3 expression +Biopsy confirmed prostate cancer with at least ten biopsies performed for diagnosis +Histologic evidence of small cell prostate cancer or neuroendocrine differentiation in > 50% of biopsy tissue +Suspicion of recurrent prostate carcinoma after previous presumed definitive therapy for organ confined disease defined as : +Ongoing treatment with any systemic therapy intended for the treatment of prostate cancer (e.g., antiandrogen or LHRH agonist or antagonist) +Known diagnosis of prostate cancer +Known prostate cancer +Received a prostate biopsy procedure within 30 days before admission into the study +Histological diagnosis of prostate, pancreatic or bladder cancer +For prostate cancer patients, prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 5 +Received any neo-adjuvant prostate cancer treatment before radical prostatectomy +Men who have elected to proceed with a diagnostic prostate biopsy +Any prostate size +History of prostate cancer +Patients preparing to receive systemic therapy to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer +Minimally-symptomatic or asymptomatic, castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer, as evidenced by all of the following:\r\n* Histologically-confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate\r\n* Evidence of adequate androgen deprivation, as evidence by one of the following:\r\n** Bilateral orchiectomy\r\n** Ongoing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist (e.g. leuprolide, goserelin) and serum testosterone =< 50 ng/dl\r\n** Ongoing LHRH antagonist (e.g. degarelix) and serum testosterone =< 50 ng/dl\r\n* Evidence of prostate cancer resistance to castration, as evidenced by at least one of the following:\r\n** 2 consecutive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels that are >= 50% above the PSA nadir achieved on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and obtained at least 1 week apart\r\n** Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based evidence of disease progression (soft tissue or nodal) according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria or Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria, or at least 1 new bone scan lesion as compared to the most immediate prior radiologic studies\r\n* Presence of non-visceral metastases on imaging\r\n* Absence of major symptoms directly attributable to prostate cancer, with the following permissible exceptions:\r\n** Ureteral obstruction secondary to pelvic or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy\r\n** Bladder outlet obstruction secondary to locally recurrent prostate cancer +History of neuroendocrine variants of prostate cancer, including small cell carcinoma of the prostate +Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) or Pathology Department at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) or, if slides are not available, pathologist’s report showing a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer and a clinical course consistent with the disease +Patients who have received systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer will not be eligible +Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with planned radical prostatectomy (RP) with curative intent as part of standard of care management plan +Any prior treatment for prostate cancer +Confirmed diagnosis of advanced, refractory breast or prostate cancer that is evaluable by radiologic testing. Participants must have experienced tumor progression on or treatment intolerance to at least one prior therapy. +For participants with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer only: +Patients must have prostate biopsy within 4 months prior to registration showing newly diagnosed prostate cancer, stage T1-3N0M0; in addition, patients must have: Gleason score 6-10 +Scheduled prostate cancer consultation to be the first consultation after diagnosis (i.e. not a second-opinion or a consultation following previous discussions of treatment options) +Patients who have undergone pathology review of their prostate biopsy at Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Saint Joseph’s Hospital, and Atlanta VA Medical Center with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical stage T1-T2 prostate cancer by physical exam. +Confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer +Treat patients diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer +Self-reported prostate cancer diagnosis +All men > 40 years age and <80 years of age with an indication for a prostate biopsy will be offered inclusion in the study. Typical indications for biopsy include abnormal PSA (prostate specific antigen) and/or abnormal DRE (digital rectal exam). +Men with a history of prostate cancer +Men undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy in the OR under anesthesia +Men with known prostate volume (from prior imaging) of > 60cc +Men with anorectal abnormalities preventing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy +Patients with known or suspected prostate cancer who have been referred to the Department of Radiology at the University of Chicago Medical Center for a diagnostic MRI exam of the prostate, to be followed by an MRI-guided fusion biopsy of the prostate +Prostate size volume ?90 cc +Brachytherapy with EBRT in subjects whose prostate volume is >60cc +Histological or cytological diagnosis of prostate cancer +Hormone sensitive relapsing prostate cancer after definitive local therapy (biochemical relapse) OR +Concurrent immunotherapy for prostate cancer