The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages [goid 6954] [evidence IEA]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism or cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell [goid 6972] [pmid 12054664] [evidence NAS]; The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell [goid 7165] [pmid 9435236] [evidence TAS]; The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell [goid 7165] [pmid 10426995] [evidence TAS]; The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues [goid 7250] [pmid 12054664] [evidence NAS]; The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal [goid 9597] [pmid 12054664] [evidence NAS]; Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism [goid 42742] [pmid 10426995] [evidence TAS]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade [goid 43123] [evidence IEA]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus [goid 43330] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma [goid 45078] [pmid 16286015] [evidence IDA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines [goid 45080] [evidence IEA]; Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens [goid 45087] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha [goid 45356] [pmid 16286015] [evidence IDA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta [goid 45359] [pmid 12054664] [evidence IMP]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta [goid 45359] [pmid 16286015] [evidence IDA]; Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation [goid 45671] [pmid 12133979] [evidence NAS]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade [goid 46330] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB [goid 51092] [evidence IEA]