The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage [goid 718] [pmid 10446193] [evidence NAS]; The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized, using parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands [goid 6261] [pmid 10446192] [evidence NAS]; The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway [goid 6281] [pmid 10446192] [evidence IGI]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals [goid 6979] [pmid 10446192] [evidence IDA]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation [goid 9314] [pmid 10446192] [evidence TAS]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation [goid 9314] [pmid 10446193] [evidence NAS]; The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule [goid 16311] [pmid 10446193] [evidence IDA]; The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal [goid 42769] [pmid 10446192] [evidence IDA]; The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal [goid 42769] [pmid 10446193] [evidence NAS]; The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleotide to produce a phosphorylated nucleoside [goid 46939] [pmid 10446193] [evidence IDA]