The fusion of an autophagic vacuole with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole [goid 46] [evidence IEA]; Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. An action potential is a spike of membrane depolarization and repolarization that travels along the membrane of a cell [goid 1508] [evidence IEA]; The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1,3)-Gal-alpha(1,4)Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes [goid 1575] [pmid 15240864] [evidence IMP]; The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure [goid 6457] [pmid 8980123] [evidence TAS]; The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents [goid 6520] [evidence IEA]; The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative [goid 6678] [pmid 15240864] [evidence IMP]; The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group [goid 6681] [pmid 15240864] [evidence IMP]; The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine [goid 6684] [pmid 15240864] [evidence IMP]; The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of, within or between cells [goid 6865] [evidence IEA]; The uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles [goid 6898] [pmid 15471887] [evidence IMP]; A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases [goid 7040] [evidence IEA]; Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion [goid 7042] [pmid 11722572] [evidence IMP]; Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect) [goid 8306] [evidence IEA]; The directed movement of arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells [goid 15809] [pmid 16251196] [evidence IDA]; A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins [goid 16044] [evidence IEA]; Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy [goid 16242] [evidence IEA]; The posttranslational modification of a protein, particularly secretory proteins and proteins targeted for membranes or specific cellular locations [goid 16485] [evidence IEA]; The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds [goid 30163] [pmid 10740217] [evidence NAS]; The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glutamate binding to a cell surface receptor, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex [goid 35235] [evidence IEA]; The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell [goid 42133] [evidence IEA]; The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease [goid 42987] [pmid 10924275] [evidence IDA]; Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis in neurons [goid 43524] [evidence IEA]; Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein [goid 45861] [evidence IEA]; Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors [goid 50885] [evidence IEA]; Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion [goid 51453] [pmid 10924275] [evidence IDA]; The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings [goid 51480] [evidence IEA]