The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance [goid 1503] [pmid 12925580] [evidence NAS]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation) [goid 6950] [pmid 12828935] [evidence NAS]; The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell [goid 7165] [evidence IEA]; Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell [goid 7166] [pmid 7736574] [evidence IDA]; The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands [goid 7173] [evidence IEA]; The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands [goid 7173] [pmid 12435727] [evidence IDA]; The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand [goid 7202] [pmid 12435727] [evidence TAS]; Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation [goid 8284] [evidence IEA]; The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules [goid 16337] [pmid 12435727] [evidence IMP]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration [goid 30335] [pmid 12435727] [evidence IMP]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule [goid 42327] [pmid 15082764] [evidence IDA]; A series of molecular signals that leads to the upregulation of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in response to the signal [goid 43006] [pmid 12435727] [evidence TAS]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity [goid 43406] [pmid 10572067] [evidence IDA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide [goid 45429] [pmid 12828935] [evidence IDA]; Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle [goid 45786] [evidence IEA]; The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein [goid 46777] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation [goid 50679] [pmid 10572067] [evidence IDA]; Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine [goid 50730] [evidence IEA]; Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine [goid 50730] [pmid 12435727] [evidence IMP]; Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase [goid 50999] [pmid 12828935] [evidence IDA]; The process by which a protein is incorporated into a biological membrane [goid 51205] [pmid 12435727] [evidence TAS]