The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones [goid 6695] [evidence ISS]; The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones [goid 6695] [pmid 11519011] [evidence NAS]; A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle the cell and result in cell death. Apoptosis begins internally with condensation and subsequent fragmentation of the cell nucleus (blebbing) while the plasma membrane remains intact. Other characteristics of apoptosis include DNA fragmentation and the exposure of phosphatidyl serine on the cell surface [goid 6915] [pmid 11007892] [evidence NAS]; A process which directly inhibits any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis [goid 6916] [pmid 15688385] [evidence IDA]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals [goid 6979] [pmid 11007892] [evidence IEP]; The process by which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) [goid 7050] [pmid 15577914] [evidence NAS]; Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location [goid 8104] [evidence IEA]; The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure [goid 9888] [pmid 12457401] [evidence IMP]; A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins [goid 16044] [evidence IEA]; The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure [goid 30539] [evidence IEA]; The process whereby plasminogen is processed to plasmin. This process includes both the cleavage of plasminogen between Arg560-Val561 to form plasmin and cleavage at Arg310 by plasmin or trypsin to result in the final two-chain form of plasmin held together by disulfide bonds [goid 31639] [evidence IEA]; The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease [goid 42987] [evidence IEA]; Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of caspase activity [goid 43154] [pmid 11007892] [evidence IDA]; Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis in the nervous system. It may stop or prevent or reduce the rate of cell death by apoptosis and it is activated by stress to counteract death signals in central nervous systems. Different neuroprotective mechanisms may be activated to combat distinct types of cellular stress, ERK pathway is one of several neuroprotective mechanisms and it is a model system to study neuronal apoptosis, which may contribute to several neurodegenerative diseases and aging-related neuron loss [goid 43526] [pmid 16407971] [evidence NAS]; The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue [goid 43588] [evidence ISS]; The process of removal or addition of one or more electrons with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons [goid 55114] [evidence IEA]