The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex [goid 6461] [pmid 10867021] [evidence TAS]; The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein [goid 6468] [pmid 7529876] [evidence TAS]; A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle the cell and result in cell death. Apoptosis begins internally with condensation and subsequent fragmentation of the cell nucleus (blebbing) while the plasma membrane remains intact. Other characteristics of apoptosis include DNA fragmentation and the exposure of phosphatidyl serine on the cell surface [goid 6915] [pmid 10880513] [evidence TAS]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation) [goid 6950] [pmid 8939945] [evidence TAS]; The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell [goid 7165] [pmid 7499242] [evidence TAS]; The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell [goid 7165] [pmid 10867021] [evidence TAS]; The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell. Complex formation involves dimerization of a receptor protein tyrosine kinase followed by the association of several different intracellular signaling molecules with the cytoplasmic tails of the receptors [goid 7172] [pmid 7529876] [evidence TAS]; Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation [goid 8284] [pmid 10867021] [evidence TAS]