MyoProsthesis

General:

The MyoProsthesis model combineds both the 80-muscle MyoLeg model and Open Source Leg, to simulate a trans-feromal amputation model.

Modifications:

The MyoLeg model was modified as follows:

Replaced the right leg with trans-feromal leg, with 50% of the femur remaining
Muscles articulating the knee joint were removed, based on [1]. The list of muscles removed are detailed in the section below
Added OSL v2 to the right leg
Added a 4-DOF socket joint, with damping to model socket movement and dynamics
Adjusted the lengths of the thigh and shank pylons of the OSL to match joint rotation centers of the knee and ankle joint
Added a force sensor to represent the load cell between the pylon and ankle assembly of OSL leg
Added a force sensor at the socket joint

Included Muscles - 54 Muscles and 2 Electrical Actuators and Primary Function:

Name in MyoLeg	Real Name	Primary Function	Joint Movement
addbrev	Adductor brevis	Thigh Adduction	Hip
addlong	Adductor longus	Thigh Adduction, rotation	Hip
addmagDist	Adductor magnus distal	Pelvis stabilizer	Hip, Knee
addmagIsch	Adductor magnus ischial	Pelvis stabilizer	Hip, Knee
addmagMid	Adductor magnus mid	Pelvis stabilizer	Hip, Knee
addmagProx	Adductor magnus proximal	Pelvis stabilizer	Hip, Knee
bflh	Bicep Femoral Long Head	Thigh extension, rotation and Knee flexion	Hip, Knee
bfsh	Bicep Femoral Short Head	Knee Rotation	Knee
edl	Extensor Digitorum Longus	Digits movement	Digits
ehl	Extensor Hallucis longus	Digits movement	Digits
fdl	Flexor Digitorum Longus	Digits movement	Digits
fhl	Flexor Hallucis Longus	Digits movement	Digits
gaslat	Gastrocnemious Lateral	Plantar Flexion, knee Flexion	Ankle
gasmed	Gastrocnemious medial	Plantar Flexion, knee Flexion	Ankle
glmax1	Gluteus Maximus 1	Thigh Rotation	Hip
glmax2	Gluteus Maximus 2	Thigh Rotation	Hip
glmax3	Gluteus Maximus 3	Thigh Rotation	Hip
glmed1	Gluteus Medius 1	Hip Abduction	Hip
glmed2	Gluteus Medius 2	Hip Abduction	Hip
glmed3	Gluteus Medius 3	Hip Abduction	Hip
glmin1	Gluteus Minimus 1	Hip Abduction and Stabilizer	Hip
glmin2	Gluteus Minimus 2	Hip Abduction and Stabilizer	Hip
glmin3	Gluteus Minimus 3	Hip Abduction and Stabilizer	Hip
grac	Gracilis	Thigh abduction, knee flexion	Hip, Knee
iliacus	Iliacus	Femur Rotation	Hip
perbrev	Peroneus Brevis	Foot Eversion	Ankle
perlong	Peroneus Long	Foot Eversion	Ankle
piri	Piriformis	Thigh Rotation	Hip
psoas	Psoas Iliaco	Hip Rotation	Hip
recfem	Rectus Femoris	Knee Extension	Knee
sart	Sartorius	Hip and Knee Movement	Hip, Knee
semimem	Semimembranosus	Hip and Knee Movement	Hip, Knee
semiten	Semitendinosus	Hip and Knee Movement	Hip, Knee
soleus	Soleus	Plantar Flexion	Ankle
tfl	Tensor Fasciae Latae	Knee Rotation	Knee
tibant	tibialis anterior	Plantar Dorsiflexion	Ankle
tibpost	tibialis posterior	Plantar Flexion and inversion	Ankle
vasint	vastus intermedius	Knee Extension	Knee
vaslat	vastus lateralis	Knee Extension	Knee
vasmed	vastus medialis	Knee Extension	Knee
osl_knee_torque_actuator	Knee Motor	Knee Flexion	Knee
osl_ankle_torque_actuator	Ankle Motor	Ankle Flexion	Ankle

Joints/DoF Description:

Joint	Name
1	Hip Flexion Right
2	Hip Adduction Right
3	Hip Rotation Right
4	OSL Knee Angle Right
5	OSL Ankle Angle Right
6	Hip Flexion Left
7	Hip Adduction Left
8	Hip Rotation Left
9	Knee Angle Left Translation 2
10	Knee Angle Left Translation 1
11	Knee Angle Left
12	Knee Angle Left Rotation 2
13	Knee Angle Left Rotation 3
14	Ankle Angle Left
15	Subtalar Angle Left
16	MTP Angle Left
17	Knee Angle Left Beta Translation 2
18	Knee Angle Left Beta Translation 1
19	Knee Angle Left Beta Rotation 1

Muscles removed from trans-feromal leg

26 Muscles were removed according to the suggestions made in [1]. The removed muscles are listed in the table below:

Name in MyoLeg	Real Name	Primary Function	Joint Movement
sart	Sartorius	Hip and Knee Movement	Hip, Knee
recfem	Rectus Femoris	Knee Extension	Knee
vasint	vastus intermedius	Knee Extension	Knee
vaslat	vastus lateralis	Knee Extension	Knee
vasmed	vastus medialis	Knee Extension	Knee
gaslat	Gastrocnemious Lateral	Plantar Flexion, knee Flexion	Ankle
gasmed	Gastrocnemious medial	Plantar Flexion, knee Flexion	Ankle
bflh	Bicep Femoral Long Head	Thigh extension, rotation and Knee flexion	Hip, Knee
bfsh	Bicep Femoral Short Head	Knee Rotation	Knee
semimem	Semimembranosus	Hip and Knee Movement	Hip, Knee
semiten	Semitendinosus	Hip and Knee Movement	Hip, Knee
addmagDist	Adductor magnus distal	Pelvis stabilizer	Hip, Knee
addmagIsch	Adductor magnus ischial	Pelvis stabilizer	Hip, Knee
addmagMid	Adductor magnus mid	Pelvis stabilizer	Hip, Knee
addmagProx	Adductor magnus proximal	Pelvis stabilizer	Hip, Knee
grac	Gracilis	Thigh abduction, knee flexion	Hip, Knee
tfl	Tensor Fasciae Latae	Knee Rotation	Knee
tibant	tibialis anterior	Plantar Dorsiflexion	Ankle
soleus	Soleus	Plantar Flexion	Ankle
edl	Extensor Digitorum Longus	Digits movement	Digits
ehl	Extensor Hallucis longus	Digits movement	Digits
perbrev	Peroneus Brevis	Foot Eversion	Ankle
perlong	Peroneus Long	Foot Eversion	Ankle
tibpost	tibialis posterior	Plantar Flexion and inversion	Ankle
fdl	Flexor Digitorum Longus	Digits movement	Digits
fhl	Flexor Hallucis Longus	Digits movement	Digits

[1] Raveendranathan, V., Kooiman, V. G. M., and Carloni, R., 2023, “Musculoskeletal Model of Osseointegrated Transfemoral Amputees in OpenSim,” PLOS ONE, 18(9), p. e0288864.