R Under development (unstable) (2014-06-29 r66051) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"

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Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)

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> 

> set.seed(290875)

> library("party")

Loading required package: grid

Loading required package: zoo

Attaching package: 'zoo'

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    as.Date, as.Date.numeric

Loading required package: sandwich

Loading required package: strucchange

Loading required package: modeltools

Loading required package: stats4

> library("survival")

Loading required package: splines

> 

> ### get rid of the NAMESPACE

> attach(asNamespace("party"))

The following objects are masked from package:party:

    cforest, cforest_classical, cforest_control, cforest_unbiased,

    conditionalTree, ctree, ctree_control, ctree_memory, edge_simple,

    mob, mob_control, node_barplot, node_bivplot, node_boxplot,

    node_density, node_hist, node_inner, node_scatterplot, node_surv,

    node_terminal, proximity, ptrafo, reweight, sctest.mob, varimp,

    varimpAUC

> 

> ### check nominal level printing

> set.seed(290875)

> x <- gl(5, 50)

> df <- data.frame(y = c(rnorm(50, 0), rnorm(50, 1), rnorm(50, 2), rnorm(50, 3), rnorm(50, 4)), 

+                  x = x, z = rnorm(250))

> ctree(y ~ x, data = df)

     Conditional inference tree with 5 terminal nodes

Response:  y 

Input:  x 

Number of observations:  250 

1) x == {3, 4, 5}; criterion = 1, statistic = 159.215

  2) x == {4, 5}; criterion = 1, statistic = 54.696

    3) x == {5}; criterion = 1, statistic = 16.711

      4)*  weights = 50 

    3) x == {4}

      5)*  weights = 50 

  2) x == {3}

    6)*  weights = 50 

1) x == {1, 2}

  7) x == {2}; criterion = 1, statistic = 21.738

    8)*  weights = 50 

  7) x == {1}

    9)*  weights = 50 

> 

> ### check asymptotic vs. MonteCarlo, especially categorical splits after

> ### MonteCarlo resampling

> a <- ctree(y ~ x + z, data = df, control = ctree_control(stump = TRUE))

> b <- ctree(y ~ x + z, data = df,

+            control =  ctree_control(testtype = "Monte", stump = TRUE))

> stopifnot(isequal(a@tree$psplit, b@tree$psplit))  

> stopifnot(isequal(a@tree$criterion$statistic, b@tree$criterion$statistic))

> 

> ### we did not check the hyper parameters

> try(cforest_control(minsplit = -1))

Error in validObject(object@splitctrl) : 

  invalid class "SplitControl" object: FALSE

In addition: Warning message:

In validityMethod(object) :

  no negative values allowed in objects of class 'SplitControl'

> try(cforest_control(ntree = -1))

Error in validObject(RET) : invalid class "ForestControl" object: FALSE

In addition: Warning message:

In validityMethod(object) : 'ntree' must be equal or greater 1

> try(cforest_control(maxdepth = -1))

Error in validObject(object@tgctrl) : 

  invalid class "TreeGrowControl" object: FALSE

In addition: Warning message:

In validityMethod(object) : 'maxdepth' must be positive

> try(cforest_control(nresample = 10))

Error in validObject(object@gtctrl) : 

  invalid class "GlobalTestControl" object: FALSE

In addition: Warning message:

In validityMethod(object) : 'nresample' must be larger than 100

> 

> ### NA handling for factors and in random forest

> ### more than one (ordinal) response variable

> xo <- ordered(x)

> x[sample(1:length(x), 10)] <- NA

> cforest(y + xo ~ x + z, data = df, 

+         control = cforest_unbiased(ntree = 50))

     Random Forest using Conditional Inference Trees

Number of trees:  50 

Responses: y, xo 

Inputs:  x, z 

Number of observations:  250 

There were 50 or more warnings (use warnings() to see the first 50)

> 

> ### make sure minsplit is OK in the presence of missing values

> ### spotted by Han Lee <Han.Lee@GeodeCapital.com>

> load("t1.RData")

> tr <- try(ctree(p ~., data = t1))

> stopifnot(!inherits(tr, "try-error"))

> 

> ### make sure number of surrogate splits exceeds number of inputs by 1

> ### spotted by Henric Nilsson <henric.nilsson@phadia.com>

> airq <- subset(airquality, !is.na(Ozone))

> tr <- try(ctree(Ozone ~ Wind, data = airq,

+           controls = ctree_control(maxsurrogate = 3)))

Error in model@fit(data, ...) : 

  cannot set up 3 surrogate splits with only 0 ordered input variable(s)

> stopifnot(inherits(tr, "try-error"))

> 

> ### ctree() used only the first of a multivariate response

> ### spotted by Henric Nilsson <henric.nilsson@phadia.com>

> airq <- subset(airquality, complete.cases(Ozone, Solar.R))

> airOzoSol1 <- ctree(Ozone + Solar.R ~ Wind + Temp + Month + Day,

+                     data = airq)

> airOzoSol2 <- ctree(Solar.R + Ozone ~ Wind + Temp + Month + Day,

+                     data = airq)

> stopifnot(isequal(airOzoSol1@where, airOzoSol2@where))

> 

> ### one variable with all values missing

> dat <- data.frame(y = rnorm(100), x1 = runif(100), x2 = rep(NA, 100))

> ctree(y ~ x1 + x2, data = dat)

     Conditional inference tree with 1 terminal nodes

Response:  y 

Inputs:  x1, x2 

Number of observations:  100 

1)*  weights = 100 

> 

> ### one factor with only one level

> dat$x2 <- factor(rep(0, 100))

> try(ctree(y ~ x1 + x2, data = dat))

     Conditional inference tree with 1 terminal nodes

Response:  y 

Inputs:  x1, x2 

Number of observations:  100 

1)*  weights = 100 

> 

> ### weights for sampling without replacement for cforest

> ### spotted by Carolin Strobl <carolin.strol@stat.uni-muenchen.de>

> airq <- subset(airquality, !is.na(Ozone))

> cctrl <- cforest_control(replace = FALSE, fraction = 0.5)

> n <- nrow(airq)

> w <- double(n)

> 

> 

> if (FALSE) {

+ ### forest objects have weights remove in 0.9-13

+ 

+ ### case weights

+ x <- runif(w)

+ w[x > 0.5] <- 1

+ w[x > 0.9] <- 2

+ 

+ rf <- cforest(Ozone ~ .,data = airq, weights = w, control = cctrl)

+ rfw <- sapply(rf@ensemble, function(x) x[[2]])

+ stopifnot(all(colSums(rfw) == ceiling(sum(w) / 2)))

+ stopifnot(max(abs(rfw[w == 0,])) == 0)

+ 

+ ### real weights

+ w <- runif(n)

+ w[1:10] <- 0

+ rf <- cforest(Ozone ~ .,data = airq, weights = w, control = cctrl)

+ rfw <- sapply(rf@ensemble, function(x) x[[2]])

+ stopifnot(all(colSums(rfw) == ceiling(sum(w > 0) / 2)))

+ stopifnot(max(abs(rfw[w == 0,])) == 0)

+ }

> 

> ### cforest with multivariate response

> df <- data.frame(y1 = rnorm(100), y2 = rnorm(100), x1 = runif(100), x2 = runif(100))

> df$y1[df$x1 < 0.5] <- df$y1[df$x1 < 0.5] + 1

> cf <- cforest(y1 + y2 ~ x1 + x2, data = df)

There were 50 or more warnings (use warnings() to see the first 50)

> pr <- predict(cf)

> stopifnot(length(pr) == nrow(df) || lengthl(pr[[1]]) != 2)

> 

> ### varimp with ordered response

> ### spotted by Max Kuhn <Max.Kuhn@pfizer.com>

> data("mammoexp", package = "TH.data")

> test <- cforest(ME ~ ., data = mammoexp, control = cforest_unbiased(ntree = 50))

> stopifnot(sum(abs(varimp(test))) > 0)

> 

> ### missing values in factors lead to segfaults on 64 bit systems

> ### spotted by Carolin Strobl <carolin.strobl@lme.de>

> y <- rnorm(100)

> x <- gl(2, 50)

> z <- gl(2, 50)[sample(1:100)]

> y <- y + (x == "1") * 3

> xNA <- x

> xNA[1:2] <- NA

> ctree(y ~ xNA )

     Conditional inference tree with 2 terminal nodes

Response:  y 

Input:  xNA 

Number of observations:  100 

1) xNA == {1}; criterion = 1, statistic = 72.566

  2)*  weights = 48 

1) xNA == {2}

  3)*  weights = 52 

> 

> 

> y <- rnorm(100)

> x <- y + rnorm(100, sd = 0.1)

> 

> tmp <- data.frame(x, y)

> 

> x[sample(1:100)[1:10]] <- NA

> 

> ct1 <- ctree(y ~ x, data = tmp)

> ct2 <- ctree(y ~ x, data = tmp[complete.cases(tmp),])

> w <- as.double(complete.cases(tmp))

> ct3 <- ctree(y ~ x, data = tmp, weights = w)

> 

> xx <- data.frame(x = rnorm(100))

> t1 <- max(abs(predict(ct2, newdata = xx) - predict(ct3, newdata = xx))) == 0

> t2 <- nterminal(ct1@tree) == nterminal(ct2@tree)

> t3 <- nterminal(ct3@tree) == nterminal(ct1@tree)

> t4 <- all.equal(ct2@tree$psplit, ct1@tree$psplit)

> stopifnot(t1 && t2 && t3 && t4)

> 

> y <- rnorm(100)

> x <- cut(y, c(-Inf, -1, 0, 1, Inf))

> 

> tmp <- data.frame(x, y)

> 

> x[sample(1:100)[1:10]] <- NA

> 

> ct1 <- ctree(y ~ x, data = tmp)

> ct2 <- ctree(y ~ x, data = tmp[complete.cases(tmp),])

> w <- as.double(complete.cases(tmp))

> ct3 <- ctree(y ~ x, data = tmp, weights = w)

> 

> stopifnot(all.equal(ct2@tree$psplit, ct1@tree$psplit))

> stopifnot(all.equal(ct2@tree$psplit, ct3@tree$psplit))

> 

> ### predictions for obs with zero weights

> ### spotted by Mark Difford <mark_difford@yahoo.co.uk>

> airq <- subset(airquality, !is.na(Ozone))

> w <- rep(1, nrow(airq))

> w[1:5] <- 0

> 

> ctw <- ctree(Ozone ~ ., data = airq, weights = w)

> stopifnot(all.equal(predict(ctw)[1:5], predict(ctw, newdata = airq)[1:5]))

> rfw <- cforest(Ozone ~ ., data = airq, weights = w)

> stopifnot(all.equal(predict(rfw)[1:5], predict(rfw, newdata = airq)[1:5]))

> 

> ### more surrogate splits than available requested

> ### spotted by Henric Nilsson <henric.nilsson@sorch.se>

> airq <- data.frame(airq,

+                     x1 = factor(ifelse(runif(nrow(airq)) < 0.5, 0, 1)),

+                     x2 = factor(ifelse(runif(nrow(airq)) < 0.5, 0, 1)),

+                     x3 = factor(ifelse(runif(nrow(airq)) < 0.5, 0, 1)))

> 

> foo <- function(nm) 

+     ctree(Ozone ~ ., data = airq,

+           controls = ctree_control(maxsurrogate = nm))

> foo(4)

     Conditional inference tree with 6 terminal nodes

Response:  Ozone 

Inputs:  Solar.R, Wind, Temp, Month, Day, x1, x2, x3 

Number of observations:  116 

1) Temp <= 82; criterion = 1, statistic = 56.086

  2) Wind <= 6.9; criterion = 0.997, statistic = 12.969

    3)*  weights = 10 

  2) Wind > 6.9

    4) Temp <= 77; criterion = 0.995, statistic = 11.599

      5)*  weights = 48 

    4) Temp > 77

      6)*  weights = 21 

1) Temp > 82

  7) Wind <= 10.3; criterion = 0.995, statistic = 11.712

    8) x1 == {1}; criterion = 0.961, statistic = 7.877

      9)*  weights = 15 

    8) x1 == {0}

      10)*  weights = 15 

  7) Wind > 10.3

    11)*  weights = 7 

> try(foo(5))

Error in model@fit(data, ...) : 

  cannot set up 5 surrogate splits with only 4 ordered input variable(s)

> try(foo(6))

Error in model@fit(data, ...) : 

  cannot set up 6 surrogate splits with only 4 ordered input variable(s)

> 

> ### variance = 0 due to constant variables

> ### spotted by Sebastian Wietzke <Sebastian.Wietzke@axa.de>

> v <- rep(0,20)

> w <- rep(0,20)

> x <- 1:20

> y <- rep(1,20)

> z <- c(4,5,8,2,6,1,3,6,8,2,5,8,9,3,5,8,9,4,6,8)

> tmp <- ctree(z ~ v+w+x+y,controls = ctree_control(mincriterion = 0.80,

+              minsplit = 2, minbucket = 1, testtype = "Univariate", teststat = "quad"))

> stopifnot(all(tmp@tree$criterion$criterion[c(1,2,4)] == 0))

> 

> ### optimal split in last observation lead to selection of suboptimal split

> data("GlaucomaM", package = "TH.data")

> tmp <- subset(GlaucomaM, vari <= 0.059)

> weights <- rep(1.0, nrow(tmp))

> stopifnot(all.equal(Split(tmp$vasg, tmp$Class, weights, 

+                     ctree_control()@splitctrl)[[1]], 0.066))

> 

> ### model.matrix.survReg was missing from modeltools

> data("GBSG2", package = "TH.data")

> nloglik <- function(x) -logLik(x)

> GBSG2$time <- GBSG2$time/365

> mobGBSG2 <- mob(Surv(time, cens) ~ horTh + pnodes | progrec + menostat +

+   estrec + menostat + age + tsize + tgrade, data = GBSG2, model = survReg,

+   control = mob_control(objfun = nloglik, minsplit = 40))

> plot(mobGBSG2, terminal = node_scatterplot, tp_args = list(yscale = c(-0.1, 11)))

> 

> ### factors were evaluated for surrogate splits

> data("Ozone", package = "mlbench")

> Ozone$V2 <- ordered(Ozone$V2)

> Ozone <- subset(Ozone, !is.na(V4))

> rf <- cforest(V4 ~ ., data = Ozone, control = cforest_unbiased(maxsurrogate = 7))

> 

> ### scores for response

> ### spotted and fixed by Silke Janitza <janitza@ibe.med.uni-muenchen.de>

> tmp <- data.frame(y = gl(3, 10, ordered = TRUE), x = gl(3, 10, ordered = TRUE))

> ct <- ctree(y ~ x, data = tmp, scores = list(y = c(0, 10, 11), x = c(1, 2, 5)))

> stopifnot(isTRUE(all.equal(ct@responses@scores, list(y = c(0, 10, 11)))))

> 

> ### deal with empty levels for teststat = "quad" by

> ### removing elements of the teststatistic with zero variance  

> ### reported by Wei-Yin Loh <loh@stat.wisc.edu>

> tdata <-

+ structure(list(ytrain = structure(c(3L, 7L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 2L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 6L, 2L, 4L, 6L, 1L, 2L, 

+ 3L, 7L, 6L, 4L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 6L, 1L, 7L, 1L, 3L, 6L, 2L, 

+ 1L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 

+ 2L, 1L, 1L, 6L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 6L, 5L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 4L, 7L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 8L, 1L, 6L, 2L, 8L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 

+ 2L, 7L, 3L, 6L, 6L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 6L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 

+ 7L, 2L, 3L, 6L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 7L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 

+ 3L, 1L, 6L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 7L, 1L, 3L, 7L, 6L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 6L, 4L, 

+ 2L, 3L, 2L, 8L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 

+ 4L, 8L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 6L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 6L, 6L, 6L), .Label = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", 

+ "5", "6", "7"), class = "factor"), landmass = c(5L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 

+ 3L, 4L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 6L, 3L, 1L, 5L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 5L, 

+ 4L, 2L, 1L, 5L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 

+ 4L, 4L, 6L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 

+ 3L, 2L, 6L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 6L, 1L, 4L, 

+ 4L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 5L, 3L, 3L, 6L, 5L, 5L, 3L, 5L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 5L, 

+ 5L, 5L, 4L, 6L, 5L, 5L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 3L, 6L, 

+ 4L, 1L, 6L, 5L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 6L, 5L, 3L, 1L, 6L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 

+ 5L, 3L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 6L, 3L, 1L, 5L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 

+ 4L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 

+ 5L, 5L, 4L, 5L, 4L, 6L, 2L, 4L, 5L, 1L, 5L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 5L, 6L, 3L, 2L, 5L, 6L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L), zone = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 3L, 1L, 2L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 

+ 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 

+ 4L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 

+ 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 

+ 4L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L), area = c(648L, 29L, 

+ 2388L, 0L, 0L, 1247L, 0L, 2777L, 2777L, 7690L, 84L, 19L, 1L, 

+ 143L, 0L, 31L, 23L, 113L, 0L, 47L, 600L, 8512L, 0L, 6L, 111L, 

+ 274L, 678L, 28L, 474L, 9976L, 4L, 0L, 623L, 757L, 9561L, 1139L, 

+ 2L, 342L, 0L, 51L, 115L, 9L, 128L, 43L, 22L, 0L, 49L, 284L, 1001L, 

+ 21L, 28L, 1222L, 1L, 12L, 18L, 337L, 547L, 91L, 268L, 10L, 108L, 

+ 249L, 0L, 132L, 0L, 0L, 109L, 246L, 36L, 215L, 28L, 112L, 1L, 

+ 93L, 103L, 1904L, 1648L, 435L, 70L, 21L, 301L, 323L, 11L, 372L, 

+ 98L, 181L, 583L, 0L, 236L, 10L, 30L, 111L, 0L, 3L, 587L, 118L, 

+ 333L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1031L, 1973L, 1L, 1566L, 0L, 447L, 783L, 0L, 

+ 140L, 41L, 0L, 268L, 128L, 1267L, 925L, 121L, 195L, 324L, 212L, 

+ 804L, 76L, 463L, 407L, 1285L, 300L, 313L, 9L, 11L, 237L, 26L, 

+ 0L, 2150L, 196L, 72L, 1L, 30L, 637L, 1221L, 99L, 288L, 66L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 2506L, 63L, 450L, 41L, 185L, 36L, 945L, 514L, 57L, 1L, 

+ 5L, 164L, 781L, 0L, 84L, 236L, 245L, 178L, 0L, 9363L, 22402L, 

+ 15L, 0L, 912L, 333L, 3L, 256L, 905L, 753L, 391L), population = c(16L, 

+ 3L, 20L, 0L, 0L, 7L, 0L, 28L, 28L, 15L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 90L, 0L, 

+ 10L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 119L, 0L, 0L, 9L, 7L, 35L, 4L, 8L, 24L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 2L, 11L, 1008L, 28L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 2L, 10L, 1L, 15L, 5L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 6L, 8L, 47L, 5L, 0L, 31L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 5L, 54L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 17L, 61L, 0L, 10L, 0L, 0L, 8L, 6L, 1L, 1L, 6L, 4L, 5L, 11L, 

+ 0L, 157L, 39L, 14L, 3L, 4L, 57L, 7L, 2L, 118L, 2L, 6L, 17L, 0L, 

+ 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 9L, 6L, 13L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 77L, 0L, 

+ 2L, 0L, 20L, 12L, 0L, 16L, 14L, 0L, 2L, 3L, 5L, 56L, 18L, 9L, 

+ 4L, 1L, 84L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 14L, 48L, 36L, 3L, 0L, 22L, 5L, 0L, 

+ 9L, 6L, 3L, 3L, 0L, 5L, 29L, 39L, 2L, 15L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 20L, 0L, 

+ 8L, 6L, 10L, 18L, 18L, 49L, 2L, 0L, 1L, 7L, 45L, 0L, 1L, 13L, 

+ 56L, 3L, 0L, 231L, 274L, 0L, 0L, 15L, 60L, 0L, 22L, 28L, 6L, 

+ 8L), language = structure(c(10L, 6L, 8L, 1L, 6L, 10L, 1L, 2L, 

+ 2L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 8L, 6L, 1L, 6L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 10L, 10L, 6L, 1L, 

+ 10L, 5L, 3L, 10L, 10L, 3L, 1L, 6L, 1L, 10L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 3L, 10L, 

+ 1L, 2L, 2L, 6L, 5L, 6L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 8L, 2L, 10L, 10L, 6L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 9L, 3L, 3L, 10L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 6L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 

+ 6L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 7L, 9L, 6L, 10L, 6L, 8L, 1L, 10L, 6L, 3L, 1L, 

+ 9L, 8L, 10L, 10L, 1L, 10L, 8L, 10L, 10L, 4L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 

+ 10L, 10L, 10L, 8L, 2L, 10L, 10L, 1L, 8L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 6L, 6L, 

+ 1L, 2L, 3L, 10L, 10L, 8L, 6L, 8L, 6L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 10L, 5L, 

+ 2L, 8L, 6L, 10L, 6L, 8L, 3L, 1L, 7L, 1L, 10L, 6L, 10L, 8L, 10L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 8L, 6L, 6L, 4L, 8L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 3L, 10L, 1L, 8L, 

+ 9L, 1L, 8L, 10L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 5L, 6L, 6L, 2L, 10L, 1L, 6L, 

+ 10L, 10L, 10L), .Label = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", 

+ "8", "9", "10"), class = "factor"), bars = c(0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 

+ 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 3L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 3L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 3L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L), stripes = c(3L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 0L, 3L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 

+ 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 

+ 3L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 5L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 9L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 5L, 0L, 3L, 2L, 0L, 11L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 14L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 3L, 0L, 3L, 1L, 0L, 3L, 

+ 3L, 0L, 5L, 3L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 

+ 5L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 6L, 0L, 

+ 9L, 0L, 13L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 0L, 7L), colours = c(5L, 

+ 3L, 3L, 5L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 8L, 

+ 2L, 6L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 4L, 5L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 5L, 6L, 5L, 

+ 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 4L, 6L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 

+ 2L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 

+ 7L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 6L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 

+ 3L, 3L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 

+ 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 

+ 3L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 7L, 

+ 4L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 5L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 

+ 4L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 6L, 4L, 5L, 3L, 

+ 3L, 6L, 3L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 7L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 5L), red = c(1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), green = c(1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L), blue = c(0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L), gold = c(1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L), white = c(1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L), black = c(1L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L), orange = c(0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+ 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L), mainhue = structure(c(5L, 

+ 7L, 5L, 2L, 4L, 7L, 8L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 5L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 

+ 5L, 7L, 6L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 4L, 7L, 4L, 2L, 4L, 

+ 7L, 7L, 4L, 5L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 

+ 2L, 5L, 5L, 8L, 2L, 2L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 5L, 7L, 4L, 1L, 8L, 2L, 4L, 

+ 2L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 

+ 8L, 5L, 8L, 1L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 

+ 7L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 7L, 8L, 2L, 2L, 

+ 6L, 5L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 7L, 1L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 8L, 7L, 3L, 7L, 

+ 7L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 8L, 5L, 2L, 6L, 8L, 7L, 4L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 7L, 

+ 7L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 7L, 5L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 4L, 7L, 

+ 8L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 5L, 5L), .Label = c("black", 

+ "blue", "brown", "gold", "green", "orange", "red", "white"), class = "factor"), 

+     circles = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 4L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L), crosses = c(0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), saltires = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), quarters = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), sunstars = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 6L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 22L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 14L, 3L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 5L, 0L, 

+     4L, 1L, 15L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 10L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 7L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 4L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 0L, 

+     6L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 2L, 5L, 1L, 0L, 4L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 2L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 5L, 5L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 50L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 7L, 1L, 

+     5L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L), crescent = c(0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L), triangle = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L), icon = c(1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L), animate = c(0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 

+     1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L), text = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 

+     0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), topleft = structure(c(1L, 6L, 4L, 2L, 

+     2L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 6L, 2L, 7L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 4L, 7L, 

+     5L, 2L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 2L, 7L, 4L, 6L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 

+     6L, 3L, 4L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 7L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 6L, 

+     2L, 4L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 6L, 1L, 1L, 7L, 2L, 

+     6L, 6L, 2L, 6L, 6L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 7L, 6L, 2L, 6L, 4L, 6L, 4L, 

+     2L, 4L, 6L, 3L, 7L, 1L, 6L, 1L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 6L, 

+     7L, 1L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 7L, 6L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 

+     6L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 

+     2L, 7L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 6L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 7L, 

+     6L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 6L, 4L, 2L, 6L, 6L, 2L, 4L, 6L, 6L, 7L, 

+     7L, 6L, 6L, 7L, 6L, 1L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 6L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 6L, 

+     2L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 4L), .Label = c("black", "blue", "gold", 

+     "green", "orange", "red", "white"), class = "factor"), botright = structure(c(5L, 

+     7L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 5L, 2L, 7L, 

+     7L, 5L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 4L, 7L, 5L, 7L, 8L, 4L, 7L, 5L, 

+     2L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 5L, 

+     2L, 7L, 1L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 2L, 2L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 4L, 

+     4L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 8L, 

+     7L, 1L, 6L, 2L, 7L, 5L, 4L, 8L, 5L, 7L, 5L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 

+     7L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 

+     4L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 8L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 1L, 7L, 5L, 5L, 8L, 

+     1L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 3L, 7L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 7L, 2L, 8L, 5L, 

+     2L, 2L, 8L, 1L, 4L, 7L, 2L, 5L, 1L, 5L, 2L, 7L, 1L, 7L, 2L, 

+     7L, 5L, 7L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 1L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 

+     8L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 3L, 5L), .Label = c("black", "blue", 

+     "brown", "gold", "green", "orange", "red", "white"), class = "factor")), .Names = c("ytrain", 

+ "landmass", "zone", "area", "population", "language", "bars", 

+ "stripes", "colours", "red", "green", "blue", "gold", "white", 

+ "black", "orange", "mainhue", "circles", "crosses", "saltires", 

+ "quarters", "sunstars", "crescent", "triangle", "icon", "animate", 

+ "text", "topleft", "botright"), row.names = c(NA, -174L), class = "data.frame")

> tdata$language <-  factor(tdata$language)

> tdata$ytrain <- factor(tdata$ytrain)

> 

> library("coin")

> 

> m <- ctree(ytrain ~ language, data = subset(tdata, language != "8"), 

+     control = ctree_control(testtype = "Univariate", maxdepth = 1L))

> it <- independence_test(ytrain ~ language, data = subset(tdata, language != "8"), 

+                         teststat = "quad")

> stopifnot(isTRUE(all.equal(m@tree$criterion$statistic, 

+                            statistic(it), check.attributes = FALSE)))

> 

> ### easier example

> levels(tdata$language) <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 8, 1, 1)

> levels(tdata$ytrain) <- c(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6)

> m <- ctree(ytrain ~ language, data = subset(tdata, language != "8"),

+     control = ctree_control(testtype = "Univariate", maxdepth = 1L))

> it <- independence_test(ytrain ~ language, data = subset(tdata, language != "8"), 

+                         teststat = "quad")

> stopifnot(isTRUE(all.equal(m@tree$criterion$statistic, 

+                            statistic(it), check.attributes = FALSE)))

> 

> ## the whole exercise manually

> Y <- model.matrix(~ language - 1, data = subset(tdata, language != "8"))

> X <- model.matrix(~ ytrain -1, data = subset(tdata, language != "8"))

> w <- rep(1, nrow(X))

> 

> lin <- coin:::LinearStatistic(Y, X, weights = w)

> expcov <- coin:::ExpectCovarLinearStatistic(Y, X, weights = w)

> 

> tmp <- new("LinStatExpectCovar", ncol(Y), ncol(X))

> tmp@linearstatistic <- lin

> tmp@expectation <- expcov@expectation

> tmp@covariance <- expcov@covariance

> 

> a <- .Call("R_linexpcovReduce", tmp)

> 

> u <- matrix(tmp@linearstatistic - tmp@expectation, nc = 1)

> d <- tmp@dimension

> u <- matrix(tmp@linearstatistic - tmp@expectation, nc = 1)[1:d,,drop = FALSE]

> S <- coin:::MPinv(matrix(as.vector(tmp@covariance[1:d^2]), ncol = d))

> 

> stat <- t(u) %*% S$MPinv %*% u

> stopifnot(isTRUE(all.equal(stat[1,1], statistic(it), 

+                            check.attributes = FALSE)))

> 

> x <- matrix(as.vector(tmp@covariance[1:d^2]), ncol = d)

> s <- svd(x)

> 

> m <- new("svd_mem", 18L)

> m@p <- as.integer(d)

> 

> s2 <- .Call("R_svd", x, m)

> 

> stopifnot(max(abs(s$d - m@s[1:d])) < sqrt(.Machine$double.eps))

> stopifnot(max(abs(s$v - t(matrix(m@v[1:d^2], nrow = d)))) < sqrt(.Machine$double.eps))

> stopifnot(max(abs(s$u - matrix(m@u[1:d^2], nrow = d))) < sqrt(.Machine$double.eps))

> 

> s2 <- .Call("R_svd", tmp@covariance, m)

> 

> stopifnot(max(abs(s$d - m@s[1:d])) < sqrt(.Machine$double.eps))

> stopifnot(max(abs(s$v - t(matrix(m@v[1:d^2], nrow = d)))) < sqrt(.Machine$double.eps))

> stopifnot(max(abs(s$u - matrix(m@u[1:d^2], nrow = d))) < sqrt(.Machine$double.eps))

> 

> a <- .Call("R_MPinv", tmp@covariance, sqrt(.Machine$double.eps), m)

> 

> stat <- t(u) %*% matrix(a@MPinv[1:d^2], ncol = d) %*% u  

> stopifnot(isTRUE(all.equal(stat[1,1], statistic(it), 

+                            check.attributes = FALSE)))

> 

> proc.time()

   user  system elapsed 

  8.260   0.284   8.560