--- a +++ b/GoogleCloud/quizes/Chapter1_Quizes.json @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +[ + { + "question": "Which of the following are quantitative biomarkers?", + "type": "many_choice", + "shuffle_answers": true, + "answers": [ + { + "answer": "Inosine-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase [IMPDH] Activity", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. IMPDH enzyme activity can be quantitatively measured." + }, + { + "answer": "Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Known Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. The abundance of the SNP can be measured in the population and associated with AD through genome-wide association studies (GWAS)" + }, + { + "answer": "Visual Observation of Potential Melanoma", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. Visual observation of potential skin cancer may suggest that additional tests are necessary." + }, + { + "answer": "Single Cell Transcriptomics Analysis of Leukocytes", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. While specific transcriptomic biomarkers may be observed, the general pattern of transcription may also indicate a change in state." + }, + { + "answer": "Discoloration of Eyes and Skin.", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. Chronic discoloration may indicate disease but are not themselves quantitative." + } + ] + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following biomarkers are part of a standard blood test?", + "type": "many_choice", + "shuffle_answers": true, + "answers": [ + { + "answer": "High-Density/Low-Density Lipoproteins", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. HDL/LDL are the classic cholesterol biomarkers." + }, + { + "answer": "Bilirubin", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. Bilirubin is an indicator of liver health." + }, + { + "answer": "Tau Protein", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. Tau protein is a biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease but is not part of a standard blood test." + }, + { + "answer": "Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is an indicator of thyroid health." + }, + { + "answer": "BRC1A Polymorphism rs799917", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. SNP's are not typically measured as part of a standard blood test except in specific cases." + }, + { + "answer": "Platelets", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. The abundance of different types of blood cells are the primary biomarkers measured in a standard blood test." + } + ] + }, + { + "question": "Variations in the APOE gene can indicate a predisposition to Alzheimer's disease. Based on the BEST Glossary, what type(s) of biomarker is such a variant?", + "type": "many_choice", + "shuffle_answers": true, + "answers": [ + { + "answer": "Susceptibility/Risk", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. APOE variants do not in and of themselves indicate the patient will get AD but they do indicate increased risk." + }, + { + "answer": "Diagnostic", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. While APOE variants can be used for diagnosis, in this particular case, the disease has not yet developed." + }, + { + "answer": "Monitoring", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. While the protein product of APOE (apolipiprotein E) could be used as a monitoring biomarker, the gene variants themselves will not change over the course of the disease." + }, + { + "answer": "Prognostic", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. The specific variants present may indicate the severity of the AD that might develop." + }, + { + "answer": "Predictive", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. The specific variant may indicate how a patient with the variant who develops AD might respond to a treatment compared to a patient without the variant." + }, + { + "answer": "Response", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. The variant will not change in response to treatment and thus gives no indication on the effect of the treatment." + }, + { + "answer": "Safety", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. The variant will not change in response to treatment and thus cannot indicate toxic effects of the treatment." + } + ] + }, + { + "question": "In a transcriptomics analysis of stomach cancer, you identify 30 genes that are significantly upregulated in cancer cells. Can these transcripts be used as clinical biomarkers?", + "type": "many_choice", + "shuffle_answers": true, + "answers": [ + { + "answer": "Yes. The high correlation of the transcripts with disease states and low p-values indicate that they are good biomarkers.", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. While your assumption may turn out to be true, statistical significance and correlation are not definitive proof that the transcripts are directly related to the disease state." + }, + { + "answer": "Yes. The transcripts are biologically relevant based on pathway analysis.", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. While the transcripts may be biological relevant, they may not be practical as biomarkers." + }, + { + "answer": "No. The pathway analysis indicates no obvious biological rationale for the transcript expression.", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. Your assumption may be correct that the observed effect is an indirect correlation. However, you cannot rule out a novel direct effect without further verification." + }, + { + "answer": "No. Transcripts are bad biomarkers.", + "correct": false, + "feedback": "Incorrect. A transcript is a perfectly valid biomarker, but as with any biomarker, its properties will determine its utility as a biomarker." + }, + { + "answer": "Maybe. Additional experimental tests such as qPCR are necessary.", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. Biomarkers discovered through omics-based analysis should always be experimentally validated." + }, + { + "answer": "Maybe. That's for the clinicians and engineers to figure out.", + "correct": true, + "feedback": "Correct. While your biomarkers may be statistically and biologically significant, a useful clinical biomarker must be practical in a clinical setting." + } + ] + }, +] \ No newline at end of file