Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
An organelle organization which involves another organism.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion contributing to an immune response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the absence of a ligand or the withdrawal of a ligand from a receptor.
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of a nascent RNA polymerase II transcript. All RNA polymerase II transcripts receive a 7-methyl-G cap. Then for (at least) small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), the7-methyl-G cap is hypermethylated to become a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap.
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.
The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
The process in which cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
The directed movement of basic amino acids, amino acids with a pH above 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression).
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head.
Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane.
Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
The translocation, or flipping, of lipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions at the level of a cell.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ion homeostasis.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.
The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation.
The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Any process that modulates the size of a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex.
Any process that modulates the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within a tissue, organ, or a multicellular organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.
The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
An intracellular signal transduction process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.
The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule.
An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism.
A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
The process in which a carbohydrate is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
The chemical reactions and pathways in a single multicellular organism that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required.
The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.
The process in which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic.
Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
The interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ.
The DNA metabolic process in which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which transmembrane proteins are ubiquitylated to facilitate their entry into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs); upon subsequent fusion of MVBs with lysosomes or vacuoles, the cargo proteins are degraded.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein outer arm, an outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
The directed movement of lactate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a cardiac muscle cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). EPSP is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
The directed movement of a fatty acid derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the NIK-dependent processing and activation of NF-KappaB. Begins with activation of the NF-KappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which in turn phosphorylates and activates IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha). IKKalpha phosphorylates the NF-Kappa B2 protein (p100) leading to p100 processing and release of an active NF-KappaB (p52).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
Any process in which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner.
Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.
The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.
The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within an organism or cell.
The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.
The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.
The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.
The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission.
The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
Any process by which the numbers of cells of a particular type in a tissue are maintained.
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells or yolk.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.
An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin modification.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial skeletal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial skeletal system is the skeletal subdivision of the head, and includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules by a mechanism that is mediated by DNA, is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.
A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism.
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. This process acts on misfolded proteins as well as in the regulated degradation of correctly folded proteins.
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.
Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA polyadenylation.
The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
The process in which the neural tube is regionalized in the dorsoventral axis.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.
The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.
A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.
The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization.
A localization which involves another organism.
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
Generation of cells within the nervous system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.
Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP).
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.
The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lipid particle.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.
The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.
Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.
A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interferon-gamma to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.
The directed movement of organic acid across a membrane.
A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore.
The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules.
The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase II using a DNA template is completed.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.
Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse.
A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation (mitophagy).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
Any process that initiates an immune response.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
The directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo.
The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane organization.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell.
The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
A late phase of the viral life cycle during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
An intracellular signaling process that is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53 or an equivalent protein.
The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
The process in which a virus effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K48-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
The process in which a secondary structure of RNA are broken or 'melted'.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations within an organism or cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.
The directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
The attachment of a leukocyte to vascular endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.
The directed movement of zinc (Zn II) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
An action potential that occurs in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
Any apoptotic process in an epithelial cell.
Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the plasma membrane, a trafficking pathway that promotes the recycling of internalized transmembrane proteins.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport.
The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.
The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.
The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.
A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.
The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
Any process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.
A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between a cell and its substrate.
The directed movement of monosaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.
A cell cycle checkpoint that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
Any process which modulates appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.
The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
The regulated release of cytokines from a cell. Cytokines are any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.
Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound.
Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components.
The aggregation, arrangement, and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell-substrate adherens junction.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells.
The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity.
The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
The directed movement of acidic amino acids, amino acids with a pH below 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A DNA repair process in which that does not require the exchange of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
The progression of the olfactory lobe over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory lobe is the area of the brain that process the neural inputs for the sense of smell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.
The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.
The modification of histones by addition of ubiquitin groups.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an oxidoreductase reaction to proceed.
Any cell surface receptor signaling pathway that is involved in cell-cell signaling.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.
The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.
The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
A series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor PERK (PKR-like ER kinase). Begins with activation of PERK in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The main substrate of PERK is the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Serine-phosphorylation of eIF2alpha by PERK inactivates eIF2alpha and inhibits general protein translation. In addition, eIF2alpha phosphorylation preferentially increases the translation of selective mRNAs such as ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which up regulates a subset of UPR genes required to restore folding capacity.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex.
Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils.
The directed movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle.
The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lamellipodium. A lamellipodium is a thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The process of directing proteins towards the plasma membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.
The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule.
Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell.
The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites in response to their loss or damage.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA molecules by an RNaseIII-family enzyme to produce small RNAs (generally 20-30 nucleotides, depending on species) with biological function.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
The directed movement of substances into the nucleus.
The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G2/M phase transition.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the directed movement of a catenin protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
The binding and fusion of a sperm, having penetrated the zona pellucida, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.
The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles between endosomal compartments, e.g, between early endosome and sorting endosome.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
The directed movement of ammonium into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.
The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte.
The process in which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
The process of adding or removing a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains \feet\ that interdigitate with the \feet\ of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA that occurs during mitotic cell cycles.
The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to an extracellular purine nucleotide to initiate a change in cell activity.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.
The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.
The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of vasculature of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.
The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments.
The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.
The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.
The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.
The directed movement of iron ions into a cell or organelle.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosyl compound.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
The modification of peptidyl-tyrosine.
The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving uronic acid, any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.
The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.
A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dendritic spine. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.
The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group.
The formation or destruction of chromatin structures on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized.
An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK).
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
The directed movement of a pyrimidine-containing compound across a membrane. A pyrimidine-containing compound is any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.
Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell.
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.
The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.
An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
The transfer of information occurring at the level of a multicellular organism.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. It is a common intermediate in phospholipid biosynthesis.
The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.
Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
Any process that increases cell size.
The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-8 secretion.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of superoxide metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.
The modification of peptidyl-proline.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the egg.
The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.
Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround a cell.
A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced cell death.
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
The assembly of a primary cilium which contains a variable array of axonemal microtubules but does not contain molecular motors. Nonmotile primary cilia are found on many different cell types and function as sensory organelles that concentrate and organize sensory signaling molecules.
The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal.
A series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors.
The process in which membrane potential increases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more negative potential. For example, during the repolarization phase of an action potential the membrane potential often becomes more negative or hyperpolarized before returning to the steady-state resting potential.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within a cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In skeletal muscle, fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system.
The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a monooxygenase.
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.
A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term symbiont is used for the smaller (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.
The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.
Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.
The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.
A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.
The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin-mediated signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.
A metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves more than one organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations within an organism or cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway.
A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.
The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.
The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole.
Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location such that it is distributed asymmetrically.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
The specific behavior of an organism in response to a novel environment or stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.
The directed movement of a protein across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
The progression of the mammary gland lobule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mammary gland lobule is a small rounded projection of the mammary gland.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.
The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
The assembly of a motile cilium, a cilium that contains a regular longitudinal array of axonemal microtubules. In vertebrates, motile cilia are usually formed around a 9 + 2 microtubule core structure. Motile cilia are often found in tissues where propagation of fluid is necessary for proper organ development or function.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
The process in which a cell in an organism interprets its surroundings.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.
Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
The increase in size or mass of the prostate gland where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the gland, from its formation to its mature state.
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell.
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of STAT cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.
The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound.
The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome.
The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized.
An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.
The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving liposaccharide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.
The directed movement of lipids within cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.
Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material.
A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes.
The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
The process in which bones are generated and organized.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the production of a cytokine that contributes to the immune response.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.
The process by which, after initial infection, a virus lies dormant within a cell and viral production ceases. The process ends when the virus switches from latency and starts to replicate.
The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.
A microtubule-based process that is mediated by motor proteins and results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other particles along microtubules.
Morphogenesis of a sensory organ. A sensory organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to receive and transmit signals from external or internal stimuli. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.
Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.
The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.
The directed movement of magnesium ion across a membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).
A selective form of autophagy, by which damaged or non-essential parts of the nucleus, or even an entire nucleus is degraded.
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
The transport of molecules across a membrane and against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
The increase in size or mass of the heart.
The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus.
The infolding of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transition metal nanoparticle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
The directed movement of hydrogen (H2 or H+), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron death.
The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.
The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin modification.
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical at the level of the cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.
The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, carried out by individual cells.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the directed movement of a catenin protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.
A DNA recombination process that results in the equal exchange of genetic material between the recombining DNA molecules.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
The alteration of the C-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of transition metal ions at the level of a cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.
The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-gamma secretion.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions at the level of a cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
The series of steps necessary to target endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein modifications necessary for correct substrate transfer (e.g. ubiquitination), transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.
The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.
The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
Any process that modulates the extent of cell growth.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.
The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.
The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.
The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.
Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.
The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.
The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.
The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
The covalent or noncovalent attachment of a chromophore to a protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
Behavior associated with the intake of food.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.
The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
Degradation of a mitochondrion by macroautophagy.
The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.
The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal.
Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.
Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus.
The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.
The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.
The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape.
The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. Steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (e.g. docking and priming) are included in this process. This is the process in which most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H4 acetylation, the modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions within an organism or cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a virus or viral RNA binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located in the cytoplasm.
The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule.
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system.
The directed movement of an arachidonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.
Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.
The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin-TCF complex.
Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.
Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response.
The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.
The process of communication from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.
Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.
A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lymph vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a monooxygenase.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid derivative.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to a glutamate receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.
The modification of peptidyl-asparagine.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of STAT cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.
The process of cell death in a neuron.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.
An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via an inositol phosphate. Includes production of the inositol phosphate, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to poly-phosphorylated inositols, and include inositol monophosphate (IP), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages.
The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.
Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a receptor on the surface of a cell to a physiological ligand, which contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together.
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive nitrogen species stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.
The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.
The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed.
A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.
The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylethanolamine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylethanolamine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.
A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.
The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.
The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylcholine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylcholine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane, involving more than one organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a large ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.
Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase.
The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
The modification of histones by addition of phosphate groups.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.
The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
Any process in which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.
The progression of a glandular acinus of the prostate gland over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the viral entry into the host cell.
The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
An action potential that occurs in a neuron.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.
The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane.
The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral release from host cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.
The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb, from its initial commitment, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.
The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.
Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells.
The modification of peptidyl-methionine.
The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.
Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.
A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system.
A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom.
The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles.
The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane.  Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.
The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition.
Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid derivative.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosyl compound.
The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.
The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.
Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure.
The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
A catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves a single organism.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of ribonucleotides.
The regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
The directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side.
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.
The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix.
Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the Golgi apparatus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
The progression of the limbic system over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The limbic system is a collection of structures in the brain involved in emotion, motivation and emotional aspects of memory.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.
The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
A process that modulates the size of a cell projection.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap or the 3'-poly(A) tail.
Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.
The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced cell death.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains ribosomal RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are involved in the transition between G1 and S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
A process in which an inorganic ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organ morphogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosyl compound.
The modification of an organic chemical by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The substances resulting from glucuronidation are known as glucuronosides (or glucuronides) and are often much more water-soluble than the non-glucuronic acid-containing precursor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group.
Any process that modulates the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.
Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell.
The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.
The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.
Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a camera-type eye from unspecified neurectoderm. This process begins with the differentiation of cells that form the optic field and ends when the optic cup has attained its shape.
A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to an extracellular purine or purine derivative to initiate a change in cell activity.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon type I production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
The stabilization of the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage as well as the unwound DNA. The stabilization of the protein-DNA complex ensures proper positioning of the preincision complex before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
The covalent attachment of a mannose residue to a substrate molecule.
The formation or destruction of chromatin structures, occurring outside the context of DNA replication.
Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues.
The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of three into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
The process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction in absence of ligand.
Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an autophagosome.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylinositol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylinositol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.
The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.
The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
A defense response that is mediated by cells.
The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate, another cell, or other organism. Biological adhesion includes intracellular attachment between membrane regions.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.
The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
The covalent attachment of sialic acid to a substrate molecule.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization.
The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Telomerases catalyze extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell aging. Cell aging is the progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan.
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part.
The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a complex, carried out at the cellular level.
Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.
Any process that initiates the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex.
The directed movement of calcium ion into a cytosol.
The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.
Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.
The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral release from host cell.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions within an organism or cell.
The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Synapsis begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete.
The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
A series of reactions within the signal-receiving cell, mediated by the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways signal through PI3K to regulate numerous cellular functions.
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Neurotrophins are a family of secreted growth factors that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.
The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.
The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
The directed movement of hydrogen ion (proton) across a membrane.
The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of extracellular fibrils, extracellular matrix material consisting of polysaccharides and/or proteins.
Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.
The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.
The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting.
The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.
A cellular localization which involves only one organism.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the vasculature.
Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
Any process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine.
The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.
The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an endoplasmic reticulum stress.
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.
A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase A.
Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.
A protein complex localization process that takes place at the cellular level; as a result, a protein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an intracellular estrogen receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand binding, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process (e.g. transcription).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol that occurs as part of a PLC-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. G-protein-activated PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2) to release diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 then binds to calcium release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to trigger calcium ion release into the cytosol.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.
The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles.
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2A.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.
A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.
An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
The directed movement of substances or organelles within the cytosol.
A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses an inositol-containing lipid to convert a signal into a response. Inositol lipids include the phosphoinositides (phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives), ceramides containing inositol, and inositol glycolipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
The secretion of milk by the mammary gland.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.
The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.
A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone.
The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
Any process of the immune system that can potentially contribute to an immune response.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of two into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK).
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of ribonucleotides.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid bbeta-oxidation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release.
A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.
A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
Any protein complex that binds to a specialized RNA cap structure at any time in the lifetime of the RNA.
A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver.
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals and bacteria) or be part of the cell (as in plants).
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
An transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome, and in which active degradation takes place.
A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
A protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.
A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.
Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases found in the nucleus.
A vesicle that mediates transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex; bears a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins; such vesicles found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state, and are involved in ER to Golgi (anterograde) vesicle transport.
A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.
A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.
The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.
A punctate structure localized in the vicinity of the vacuole that is required for the formation of autophagosomes.
Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.
A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.
A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential.
A cytosolic protein complex that is capable of activating caspase-1.
An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
A protein complex which is capable of GABA receptor activity. Upon binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) it transmits the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Major inhibitory receptor in vertebrate brain. Also found in other vertebrate tissues, invertebrates and possibly in plants. Effective benzodiazepine receptor.
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of tubules having membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a filopodium.
A protein complex which is capable of phosphatase activity.
The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.
Any constituent part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U1.
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the external side of the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined.
Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work.
A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of  the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.
The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).
A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.
A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
The component of the mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
Any protein complex that possesses oxidoreductase activity.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.
A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof; additional polypeptides include Spt group, consisting of Spt7, Spt3, and Spt20/Ada5, which interact with the TATA-binding protein (TBP); the Ada group, consisting of Ada1, Ada2, Ada3, Ada4/Gcn5, and Ada5/Spt20, which is functionally linked to the nucleosomal HAT activity; Tra1, an ATM/PI-3 kinase-related protein that targets DNA-bound activators for recruitment to promoters; the TBP-associated factor (TAF) proteins, consisting of Taf5, Taf6, Taf9, Taf10, and Taf12, which mediate nucleosomal HAT activity and are thought to help recruit the basal transcription machinery.
A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.
A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.
The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
A protein complex which is capable of H4 histone acetyltransferase activity.
A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.
A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.
A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.
A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
A protein complex that possesses DNA polymerase activity and is involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.
A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG).
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.
The component of the organelle membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
A multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. Contains either GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. The budding yeast complex includes Gcn5p, two proteins of the Ada family, and two TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins. Both ATAC- or SAGA (see GO:0000124, SAGA complex) are involved in the acetylation of histone H3K9 and K14 residues.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends.
Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a receptor.
The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a microbody.
A thin sheet of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, especially laminin, secreted by cells as an extracellular matrix.
One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state.
The side of a membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.
The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.
Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm\
The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
A protein complex containing at least one glycosylated protein, may be held together by both covalent and noncovalent bonds.
A part of the endomembrane system in the form of an invagination of a membrane upon which a clathrin coat forms, and that can be converted by vesicle budding into a clathrin-coated vesicle. Coated pits form on the plasma membrane, where they are involved in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane, in the trans-Golgi network, and on some endosomes.
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.
Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.
Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis.
A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
A chromatin remodeling protein complex initially purified from S. cerevisiae and containing more than 10 subunits, including the SWR1-related complexes. INO80 (inositol requiring 80)-type complexes have diverse functions, including promoting transcriptional activation and DNA repair.
Any constituent part of the cell cortex, the region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins; the complex is found in the cytoplasm and in nuclear Gems, and is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus.
The set of thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments, called cisternae, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
A protein complex that contains at least CD40 (a cell surface receptor of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily), and other signaling molecules.
A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complex contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Snapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins.
A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains.
Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space.
A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.
A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.
Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting.
Any subdivision of a chromosome along its length.
A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers.
A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.
A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Substrate recognition by APC occurs through degradation signals, the most common of which is termed the Dbox degradation motif, originally discovered in cyclin B.
An intranuclear focus at which aggregated proteins have been sequestered.
All of the contents of a cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.
A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and carries out proton transport across a membrane. The proton-transporting domain (F0, V0, or A0) includes integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males.
Any of the smallest contractile units of a myofibril (striated muscle fiber).
Nuclear bodies frequently found near or associated with Cajal bodies (also called coiled bodies or CBs). Gemini of coiled bodies, or 'gems', are similar in size and shape to CBs, and often indistinguishable under the microscope. Unlike CBs, gems do not contain small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs); they contain a protein called survivor of motor neurons (SMN) whose function relates to snRNP biogenesis. Gems are believed to assist CBs in snRNP biogenesis, and to play a role in the etiology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cell surface projection.
The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
A chromosome involved in sex determination.
A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal.
Any constituent part of a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (often called the soma), an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.
The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae.
A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor).
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the vacuolar membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the vacuolar lumen.
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
The nucleus of a germ cell, a reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.
Any side (leaflet) of a membrane that faces the lumen of an organelle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.
Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases found in the cytoplasm.
An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins.
The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.
The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of a preassembled U5-containing tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
A membrane coat found on coated pits and some coated vesicles; consists of polymerized clathrin triskelions, each comprising three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, linked to the membrane via one of the AP adaptor complexes.
The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.
Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus.
A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.
A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity.
The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle.
Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.
The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.
The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor.
A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane, late endosomal (multivesicular body) and lysosomal membranes. HOPS is a tethering complex involved in vesicle fusion.
A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.
A zone of apposition between the membranes of two organelles, structured by bridging complexes. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.
An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.
A complex of several polypeptides that plays at least two important roles in protein synthesis: First, eIF3 binds to the 40S ribosome and facilitates loading of the Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Subsequently, eIF3 apparently assists eIF4 in recruiting mRNAs to the 43S complex. The eIF3 complex contains five conserved core subunits, and may contain several additional proteins; the non-core subunits are thought to mediate association of the complex with specific sets of mRNAs.
The evolutionarily conserved CCR4-NOT complex is involved in several aspects of mRNA metabolism, including repression and activation of mRNA initiation, control of mRNA elongation, and the deadenylation and subsequent degradation of mRNA. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT complex comprises a core complex of 9 proteins (Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p), Caf4p, Caf16p, and several less well characterized proteins.
The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in neural stem or progenitor cells, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, PHF10/BAF45A, ACTL6A/BAF53A genes. The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells.
Any protein complex that is part of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
A protein complex containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament.
A postsynaptic density that is part of a neuron.
A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins.
The small subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.
A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.
A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U2.
An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.
Part of the cilium where the axoneme ends. The ciliary tip has been implicated in ciliary assembly and disassembly, as well as signal transduction.
The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the nucleus into higher order structures.
A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.
Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
An ion channel complex through which potassium ions pass.
The smaller of the two subunits of a ribosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle.
A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.
A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.
A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. mRNA processing and binding proteins are localized to these foci.
A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.
An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed.
The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.
A cilium which has a variable arrangement of axonemal microtubules, contains molecular motors, and beats with a characteristic whip-like pattern that promotes cell motility or transport of fluids and other cells across a cell surface. Motile cilia are typically found in multiple copies on epithelial cells that line the lumenal ducts of various tissues. Motile cilia may also function as sensory organelles.
Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.
A proteasome complex found in the cytosol of a cell.
A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.
The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane
A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.
A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process.
An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.
A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids.
Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.
An axon part that is located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by lateral loop portions of myelin sheath.
The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.
A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules.
A dendrite that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron. In bipolar neurons, apical dendrites are located on the opposite side of the soma from the axon.
Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
A bundle of cross-linked stereocilia, arranged around a kinocilium on the apical surface of a sensory hair cell (e.g. a neuromast, auditory or vestibular hair cell). Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes.
A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle.
A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
A cell projection that emerges from the ECM-facing surface of a cell, is enriched in actin and associated cytoskeletal proteins, and displays localized proteolytic activity toward the substrate.
A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the core components and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
A thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of a epithelial cells in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.
The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.
A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.
A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.
A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.
A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
A spliceosomal snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.
A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions.
A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity.
The large subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.
A cell part consisting of multiple, closely packed actin-based cell projections.
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.
A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis or synthesis. The catalytic domain (F1, V1, or A1) comprises a hexameric catalytic core and a central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the membrane when the two-sector ATPase is assembled.
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.
The dispersed less dense form of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. It exists in at least two forms, a some being in the form of transcriptionally active chromatin which is the least condensed, while the rest is inactive euchromatin which is more condensed than active chromatin but less condensed than heterochromatin.
The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.
A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell.
Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G-protein coupled receptors to an effector protein.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The portion of the plasma membrane at the lateral side of the cell. In epithelial cells, lateral plasma membranes are on the sides of cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells.
A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands).
The component of an organelle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule.
Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region.
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.
A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
A clathrin coat found on a vesicle.
A multiprotein complex that functions broadly in eukaryotic organisms as a transcriptional repressor of protein-coding genes, through the gene-specific deacetylation of histones. Amongst its subunits, the Sin3 complex contains Sin3-like proteins, and a number of core proteins that are shared with the NuRD complex (including histone deacetylases and histone binding proteins). The Sin3 complex does not directly bind DNA itself, but is targeted to specific genes through protein-protein interactions with DNA-binding proteins.
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport.
A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endocytic vesicle.
A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.
The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability.
A histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates nucleosomal H3 and H2B and is required for the expression of a subset of Pol II-transcribed genes. The budding yeast complex includes the acetyltransferase Gcn5p, several proteins of the Spt and Ada families, and several TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins.
The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles.
Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).
A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin.
A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of tectonic proteins, B9 domain-containing proteins and other proteins. Acts as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. In mouse, members of the complex include TCTN1, TCTN2, B9D1, MKS1, CC2D2A and other proteins.
A multiprotein complex that mediates monoubiquitination of lysine residues of histone H2A (lysine-118 in Drosophila or lysine-119 in mammals). The complex is required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and is involved in chromatin remodeling.
Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.
The component of the Golgi membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.
The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.
Any of a number of evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs) containing a core consisting of a paired amphipathic helix motif protein (e.g. Sin3p in S. cerevisiae, Pst1 in S. pombe or Sin3A in mammals) at least one class I histone deacetylase (e.g. Rpd3p in S. cerevisiae, Clr6 in S. pombe, or HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mammals), and at least one WD40 repeat protein (e.g. Ume1p in S. cerevisiae, Prw1 in S. pombe, or RbAp46 and RbAp48 in mammals). These complexes also contain a variable number of other proteins that direct histone binding, DNA binding, or add other functionality to the complex.
A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
A large ribonucleoprotein complex that is an early preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 80S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell. This does not include the periplasmic space.
The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.
An ion channel complex through which cations pass.
A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL1 or MLL2 in human, or equivalent in other species.
A protein complex that possesses methyltransferase activity.
Any constituent part of the nucleoplasm, that part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
The smaller of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome.
An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.
A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.
All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.
A protein complex which is capable of endoribonuclease activity.
A protein complex which is capable of ATPase activity.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium.
Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
Any constituent part of the nuclear membrane, the envelope that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.
Any protein complex that is part of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
Any of several protein complexes required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and other related organelles; acronym for biogenesis of lysosomal-related organelles complex.
A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.
The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.
A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.
The end of a filopodium distal to the body of the cell.
Any complex formed of proteins that act in mismatch repair.
Any constituent part of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens.
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
Any dynein complex with a homodimeric dynein heavy chain core that catalyzes movement along a microtubule. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Some complexes participate in intraflagellar transport. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence with specific snRNPs. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the bound snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation. Prespliceosome complexes are not active for splicing, but are instead an early step in the assembly of a spliceosomal complex.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a subunit from the CHD(Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) family. The CHD family is characterized by two signature sequence motifs: tandem chromodomains located in the N-terminal region, and the SNF2-like ATPase domain located in the central region of the protein structure.
The segment of the sperm flagellum where the mitochondrial sheath ends, and the outer dense fibers (ODFs) associated with outer axonemal doublets 3 and 8 are replaced by the 2 longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath (FS) which run the length of the principal piece and are stabilized by circumferential ribs. The principal piece makes up ~2/3 of the length of the sperm flagellum and is defined by the presence of the FS and of only 7 (rather than 9) ODFs which taper and then terminate near the distal end of the principal piece.
A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
The complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendrite.
The protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with a cell membrane, usually the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes) or the inner mitochondrial membrane (on eukaryotes). The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
A ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the association of the U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
A protein complex consisting of Prp19 and associated proteins that is involved in the transition from the precatalytic spliceosome to the activated form that catalyzes step 1 of splicing, and which remains associated with the spliceosome through the second catalytic step. It is widely conserved, found in both yeast and mammals, though the exact composition varies. In S. cerevisiae, it contains Prp19p, Ntc20p, Snt309p, Isy1p, Syf2p, Cwc2p, Prp46p, Clf1p, Cef1p, and Syf1p.
The region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.
A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. The composition is similar to that of the SAGA complex; for example, the human complex contains the transcription-transformation cofactor TRRAP, hGCN5L acetylase, novel human ADA-like and SPT-like cofactors, and a subset of TAFs.
The highly organized segment of the sperm flagellum which begins at the connecting piece and is characterized by the presence of 9 outer dense fibers (ODFs) that lie outside each of the 9 outer axonemal microtubule doublets and by a sheath of mitochondria that encloses the ODFs and the axoneme; the midpiece terminates about one-fourth of the way down the sperm flagellum at the annulus, which marks the beginning of the principal piece.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.
A protein complex that plays a role in the process of DNA packaging.
Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.
A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it.
A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
A cellular component consisting of one leaflet of a membrane bilayer and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
A nonmotile primary cilium that has a 9+0 microtubule array and forms the portion of the axoneme traversing the boundary between the photoreceptor inner and outer segments.
The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.
Any protein complex that is part of a membrane.
The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some covalently attached part (e.g. peptide sequence or GPI anchor) which is embedded in the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane only.
The continuous network of membranes encompassing the nuclear outer membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms regions of the chromosome that are being actively transcribed.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site with the U1 snRNP, while the branch point sequence is recognized by the U2 snRNP. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1 and U2 snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is composed of chaperone proteins, including BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.
Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.
Any cytoplasm that is part of a axon.
A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
A protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity.
A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions of one or more chromosomes form a compact structure.
Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.
An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.
The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
A protein complex capable of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and containing subunits of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These complexes are divided in three classes (called I, II and III) that differ for their presence across taxonomic groups and for the type of their constituents. Catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in all 3 classes; regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in classes I and III; adaptor proteins have been observed in class II complexes and may be present in other classes too.
The larger subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa.
RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) family and associated proteins. Most are involved in a step of processing of rRNA: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation. The majority, though not all, fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type.
A protein complex formed by the association of several methylated Sm proteins with the SMN complex; the latter contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and unrip proteins; additional proteins, including galectin-1 and galectin-3, are also found in the SMN-SM complex. The SMN-Sm complex is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm.
Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules.
A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.
A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.
A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro.
A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.
A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.
RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm.
Area of the cilium (also called flagellum) where the basal body and the axoneme are anchored to the plasma membrane. The ciliary base encompasses the distal part of the basal body, transition fibers and transition zone and is structurally and functionally very distinct from the rest of the cilium. In this area proteins are sorted and filtered before entering the cilium, and many ciliary proteins localize specifically to this area.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.
The component of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.
The larger of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
A protein complex that phosphorylates amino acid residues of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; phosphorylation occurs mainly on Ser2 and Ser5.
A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope.
Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
A complex of proteins that, in vitro, stimulates intra-Golgi transport; a 13S complex, about 800 kDa in size and consists of at least five polypeptides. In yeast, this complex is called the Sec34/35 complex and is composed of eight subunits (Sec34p, Sec35p, Dor1p, Cod1p, Cod2p, Cod3p, Cod4p, and Cod5p).
The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites.
Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.
The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum.
A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.
Any end of a microtubule. Microtubule ends differ in that the so-called microtubule plus-end is the one that preferentially grows by polymerization, with respect to the minus-end.
A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.
Extracellular matrix material consisting of polysaccharides and protein.
A primary cilium which contains a variable array of axonemal microtubules but does not contain molecular motors. Nonmotile primary cilia are found on many different cell types and function as sensory organelles that concentrate and organize sensory signaling molecules.
The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness.
Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.
The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.
The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.
The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
Large protein complex composed of the RNA polymerase core complex and a variety of other proteins including transcription factor complexes TFIIA, D, E, F, and H which are required for promoter recognition, and the Mediator subcomplex. Catalyzes the synthesis of eukaryotic pre-mRNA.
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.
The component of the mitochondrial membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.
Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.
Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.
A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi  and Golgi-to-ER transport.
A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection.
A protein complex that stably associates with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs generated by RNA polymerase II.
The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.
A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4 family and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.
A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.
The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane.
Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.
The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.
A membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.
A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).
The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling components including PKB (AKT) or S6K.
A multiprotein protein complex containing membrane-localized Wnt receptors and cytosolic protein complexes, which is capable of transmitting the Wnt signal. Contains at least a Wnt protein, LRP5 or LRP6, a member of the Frizzled (Fz) family, Axin and and a Dishevelled (DVL) protein.
A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules.
A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium.
Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.
A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.
Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.
A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.
Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.
The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.
The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and the dendrite, but excludes the axon.
A cellular membrane associated with the pre-autophagosomal structure.
The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.
A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers.
A cilium found on many different cell types that is typically present in a single copy per cell. A primary cilium may have a variable array of axonemal microtubules and may or may not contain molecular motors.
Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.
A protein complex that localizes at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. In human, the WASH complex is composed of F-actin-capping protein subunits alpha and beta, WASH1, FAM21, KIAA1033, KIAA0196 and CCDC53.
All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane.
A type of plasma membrane that has been modified through addition of distinct intracellular and extracellular components, including ceramide, found in cornifying epithelial cells (corneocytes).
The portion of the cell soma (cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome.
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.
Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.
Any of several heterotetrameric complexes that link clathrin (or another coat-forming molecule, as hypothesized for AP-3 and AP-4) to a membrane surface; they are found on coated pits and coated vesicles, and mediate sorting of cargo proteins into vesicles. Each AP complex contains two large (a beta and one of either an alpha, gamma, delta, or epsilon) subunits (110-130 kDa), a medium (mu) subunit (approximately 50 kDa), and a small (sigma) subunit (15-20 kDa).
A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a subunit from the BAF (Brahma-Associated Factor) family.
A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.
Any constituent part of a microtubule organizing center, a region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains nine or more proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase is one of the core components.
Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.
A clathrin coat found on an endocytic vesicle.
Any organism in which another organism, especially a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.
A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes.
The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.
Any protein complex that interacts with RNA polymerase II to increase (positive transcription elongation factor) or reduce (negative transcription elongation factor) the rate of transcription elongation.
A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the external side of the plasma membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium.
A microtubule-based flagellum (or cilium) that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. Consists of two soluble subcomplexes of highly charged coiled-coil proteins and is required for sorting and/or concentration of multivesicular body (MVB) cargoes.
A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3).
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.
The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the small ribosomal subunit, a translation initiation ternary complex (i.e. an initiator tRNA, GTP, and an IF2 or eIF2 complex), and an mRNA.
A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion.
An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.
A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and lipid molecules.  Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
A membrane that is a part of a larger membrane.  Examples include the apical region of the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell and the various regions of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in post-mitotic neurons, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, DPF1/BAF45B, DPF3/BAF45C, ACTL6B/BAF53B genes. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth.
A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The mediator complex is required for activation of transcription of most protein-coding genes, but can also act as a transcriptional corepressor. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
A part of an axon, a cell projection of a neuron.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group, that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.
Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.
An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.
A single or double lipid bilayer with any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes.
Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
A protein complex, that caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex and regulates entry into, or exit from, the proteasome core complex.
A ribosome located in the cytosol.
Ovally-shaped membranous stack located inside the photoreceptor outer segment, and containing densely packed molecules of the photoreceptor protein rhodopsin that traverse the lipid bilayer. Disc membranes are apparently derived from the plasma membrane in the region of the cilium that connects the photoreceptor outer segment to the inner segment.
A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffolding subunits form the core enzyme, and the holoenzyme also includes the regulatory subunit.
A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network.
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.
The plasma membrane of a neuron cell body - excludes the plasma membrane of cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.
The outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor that contains discs of photoreceptive membranes.
Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron; the series of U12-type spliceosomal complexes is involved in the splicing of the majority of introns that contain atypical AT-AC terminal dinucleotides, as well as other non-canonical introns. The entire splice site signal, not just the terminal dinucleotides, is involved in determining which spliceosome utilizes the site.
The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
Sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPases are tetrameric proteins, consisting of two large alpha subunits and two smaller beta subunits. The alpha subunits bear the active site and penetrate the membrane, while the beta subunits carry oligosaccharide groups and face the cell exterior.
A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.
A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a microbody.
A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.
A large (20 S) protein complex that possesses protein arginine methyltransferase activity and modifies specific arginines to dimethylarginines in the arginine- and glycine-rich domains of several spliceosomal Sm proteins, thereby targeting these proteins to the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex for assembly into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) core particles. Proteins found in the methylosome include the methyltransferase JBP1 (PRMT5), pICln (CLNS1A), MEP50 (WDR77), and unmethylated forms of SM proteins that have RG domains.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane.
A small (70-100 nm) cytoplasmic granule that contains a number of centrosomal proteins; centriolar satellites traffic toward microtubule minus ends and are enriched near the centrosome.
A membrane coat adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane.
A cell-cell junction that is composed of an array of small channels that permit small molecules to pass from one cell to another. At gap junctions, the membranes of two adjacent cells are separated by a uniform narrow gap of about 2-4 nm that is spanned by channel-forming proteins called connexins, which form hexagonal tubes called connexons.
A protein complex that functions in the retrotranslocation step of ERAD (ER-associated protein degradation), and includes at its core Derlin-1 oligomers forming a retrotranslocation channel.
Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.
A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an exocytic vesicle
A protein complex which is capable of acetyltransferase activity.
The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class I alpha chain and an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide antigen. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the nucleus.
A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of an organelle.
A clathrin coat found on a vesicle of the trans-Golgi network.
A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.
A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.
A plasma lipoprotein particle that has a hydrophobic core enriched in triglycerides surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteinparticles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood.
A distinct  region of the endoplasmic reticulum
A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.
A complex composed of RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and protein, found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP or U4/U6 snRNP. Many, but not all, of these complexes are involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside phosphate.
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 5' end.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a polymer of ubiqutin.
Enables the directed movement of a cofactor into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose group from UDP-galactose to an acceptor molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A.
Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the major histocompatibility complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels.
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y --Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein.
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the SNAP receptor syntaxin-1.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other up the solute's concentration gradient. This is carried out by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotransmitter, any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity in response to detection of smell.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 5' positions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase C.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-2-microglobulin.
Functions to provide a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heat shock protein, any protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase.
Modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
Enables the directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfur-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of a ring closure reaction.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of the membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template and a 3'hydroxyl group.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein.
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an RNA molecule.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that may be gated or ungated.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.
Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone protein in which a residue has been modified by methylation. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of the DNA helix.
Catalysis of the reaction: purine NTP + H2O = purine NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
Any protein binding that is involved in cell adhesion.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor and also with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing secondary structure elements such as four-way junctions, bubbles, loops, Y-form DNA, or double-strand/single-strand junctions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sulfur compound.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence found on protein precursors or mature proteins that dictates where the mature protein is localized.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfated heparan sulfate.
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n) + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acylglycerol molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any component or product of the complement cascade.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for hormones.
Enables the transfer of inorganic cations with a valency of two from one side of the membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.
Enables the transfer of a inorganic cations with a valency of one from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a protein substrate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, rising steadily until mitosis, then falling abruptly to zero. As cyclins reach a threshold level, they are thought to drive cells into G2 phase and thus to mitosis.
Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuropeptide receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 1,2-diacylglycerol = NDP + 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 5' position.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibitory SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a substrate.
Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rac family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) that contributes to the process of protein folding.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
A DNA binding transcription factor activity that is directly regulated by binding of a ligand to the protein with this activity.  Examples include the lac and trp repressors in E.coli and many steroid hormone receptors.
Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein-lipid complex, any macromolecular complex that contains both protein and lipid molecules.
Catalysis of the nonhydrolytic addition or removal of a carboxyl group to or from a compound.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin -Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group to an acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction directly drives some other reaction, for example ion transport across a membrane.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ankyrin, a 200 kDa cytoskeletal protein that attaches other cytoskeletal proteins to integral membrane proteins.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation.
Catalysis of the removal of damaged bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate.
The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an unfolded protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of adenylyl residues in an RNA molecule, such as the poly(A) tail, a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA.
Binds to and increases the ATP hydrolysis activity of an ATPase.
Catalysis of the reaction: carbohydrate phosphate + H2O = carbohydrate + phosphate.
Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another via the reaction X-SCP + Y -Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
Catalysis of movement along a microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C2H2-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C2H2 zinc finger is the classical zinc finger domain, in which two conserved cysteines and histidines co-ordinate a zinc ion.
Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.
Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion(out) + cation(out) = anion(in) + cation(in).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone in which a lysine residue has been modified by acetylation.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for peptide hormones.
Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any subunit of protein kinase A.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mannosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of mannose or a mannose derivative.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group.
Enables the transfer of metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the reaction: X-CoA + H2O = X + CoA; X may be any group.
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids to 5'-phosphomonoesters.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone deacetylase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the epidermal growth factor receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle that is rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides, is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE, and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a substrate by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.
Catalysis of the transfer of a hexosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.
Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water.
Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipoprotein particle receptor.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rho protein, any member of the Rho subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases. Proteins in the Rho subfamily are involved in relaying signals from cell-surface receptors to the actin cytoskeleton.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated amino acid residue within a protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.
Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom of an acceptor molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the transcription regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids.
Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal or penultimate peptide bond at the C-terminal end of a peptide or polypeptide.
Modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of ions across a membrane. The reaction is characterized by the transient formation of a high-energy aspartyl-phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of glucose or a glucose derivative.
Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of the membrane to the other.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(in) = solute(in) + H+(out).
Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH below 7.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adrenergic receptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside diphosphate + H2O = a nucleotide + phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.
Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of the membrane to the other, down the solute's concentration gradient.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.
Combining with an MHC class II protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with a neuropeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a component of the extracellular matrix.
Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with transfer RNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: RCO-SR' + H2O = RCOOH + HSR'. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a thiolester bond, an ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR'), such as that found in acetyl-coenzyme A.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.
Catalysis of a reaction that interconverts cis and trans isomers. Atoms or groups are termed cis or trans to one another when they lie respectively on the same or on opposite sides of a reference plane identifiable as common among stereoisomers.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C-terminal amino acid residues from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: A + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = B + succinate + CO2. This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into each donor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside diphosphate = ADP + nucleoside triphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation A(out) + cation B(in) = cation A(in) + cation B(out).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Ran, a conserved Ras-like GTP-binding protein, implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport, cell cycle progression, spindle assembly, nuclear organization and nuclear envelope (NE) assembly.
Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. The reaction is: solute A(out) + solute B(in) = solute A(in) + solute B(out).
Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.
Increases the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal amino acid residues from in a polypeptide chain.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded RNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with catecholamine.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in the presence of calcium.
Enables the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized glutathione + 2 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA uridine = RNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.
Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli.
The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.
Enables the transfer of cation from one side of the membrane to the other.
Modulates the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol trisphosphate + phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phospholipase, enzymes that catalyze of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye.
Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
Enables the directed movement of carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an androgen receptor.
Enables directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of the membrane to the other.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with manganese (Mn) ions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.
Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, beta-amyloid fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.
Combining with an icosanoid to initiate a change in cell activity.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylcholine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
Functions in chain elongation during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
Enables the transfer of a monosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with damaged DNA.
Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide.
Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein gamma-tubulin.
Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic DNA region that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sterol, any steroid containing a hydroxy group in the 3 position, closely related to cholestan-3-ol.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any inositol-containing glycerophospholipid, i.e. phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins.
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription repressing factor, a protein involved in negative regulation of transcription.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).
Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
The hydrolysis of an incorrectly aminoacylated tRNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an E-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CANNTG that is found in the promoters of a wide array of genes expressed in neurons, muscle and other tissues.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the D- or L-enantiomer of glucose.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a toxic substance, a poisonous substance that causes damage to biological systems.
Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-beta + NADP+ = estrone + NADPH + H+.
Prevents the dissociation of GDP from a GTPase, thereby preventing GTP from binding.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the severing of a microtubule at a specific spot along its length, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a non-membrane spanning protein L-tyrosine = ADP + a non-membrane spanning protein L-tyrosine phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 = CoA + acetyl-histone H4.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a macrolide, any of a large group of structurally related antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of an acceptor molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.
Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins.
Enables the energy-independent passage of anions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the nuclear pore complex.
Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside + phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ion A(out) + ion B(in) = ion A(in) + ion B(out) where ion A and ion B are different types of ion.
Catalysis of the reaction: RPO-R' + H2O = RPOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any phosphoric ester bond, any ester formed from orthophosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3.
Receiving a signal and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
Catalysis of the transfer of a sugar from one side of the membrane to the other. A sugar is any member of a class of sweet, water-soluble, crystallizable carbohydrates, which are the monosaccharides and smaller oligosaccharides.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-1 receptor.
Enables the directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an immunoglobulin receptor molecule.
The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+.
Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diacylglycerol, a diester of glycerol and two fatty acids.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with actinin, any member of a family of proteins that crosslink F-actin.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription cofactor, any protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which both atoms of oxygen from one molecule of O2 are incorporated into the (reduced) product(s) of the reaction. The two atoms of oxygen may be distributed between two different products.
Catalysis of the transfer of a substituted phosphate group, other than diphosphate or nucleotidyl residues, from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (CH3-[CH2]14-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear localization sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the nucleus.
Interacts with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phosphatase.
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.
Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group (CH3-) to a protein.
Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to a lysophospholipid.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber.
Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class.
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Enables the directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside = ADP + nucleoside monophosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA or RNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fibroblast growth factor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-1,3-linkage.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).
Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.
Enables the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sterol are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase molecule or complex.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into a compound and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxyl terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper (Cu) ions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing one or more mismatches.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rab protein, any member of the Rab subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.
Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the telomerase RNA template.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin.
Catalysis of the transfer of a functional group from one position to another within a single molecule.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain; a serine residue (and a histidine residue) are at the active center of the enzyme.
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase core enzyme, containing a specific subunit composition defined as the core enzyme.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that is assembled into chromatin.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an oligopeptide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.
The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde or a ketone + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group, other than amino-acyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex.  Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).
Catalysis of movement along a microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP).
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular excitatory ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Excitatory ligands, such as acetylcholine or glutamate, open cation-selective channels.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and NAD+ or NADP+ acts as an electron acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance.
Enables the transfer of transition metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.
Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor and also with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylserine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate.
Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery.
Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the class II major histocompatibility complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated tyrosine residue within a protein.
Modulates the rate of NTP hydrolysis by a NTPase.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ions by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of the small ribosomal subunit.
Catalysis of the removal of terminal peptide residues that are substituted, cyclized or linked by isopeptide bonds (peptide linkages other than those of alpha-carboxyl to alpha-amino groups).
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport chain. An electron transport chain is a process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an HMG box domain, a protein domain that consists of three helices in an irregular array. HMG-box domains are found in one or more copies in HMG-box proteins, which form a large, diverse family involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and strand repair, all of which require the bending and unwinding of chromatin.
Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a WW domain of a protein, a small module composed of 40 amino acids and plays a role in mediating protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions.
Catalysis of the acetylation of an amino acid residue of a peptide or protein, according to the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-acetylpeptide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glucocorticoid receptor.
Modulates the activity of a ligase.
Catalysis of the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the cyclic AMP response element (CRE), a short palindrome-containing sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to cyclic AMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.
Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intermediate filament, a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipopolysaccharide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a ligand dependent manner, with a nuclear receptor protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + polypeptide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-polypeptide. This reaction is the modification of serine or threonine residues in polypeptide chains by the transfer of a N-acetylgalactose from UDP-N-acetylgalactose to the hydroxyl group of the amino acid; it is the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a modified amino acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a filamin, any member of a family of high molecular mass cytoskeletal proteins that crosslink actin filaments to form networks and stress fibers. Filamins contain an amino-terminal alpha-actinin-like actin binding domain, which is followed by a rod-domain composed of 4 to 24 100-residue repetitive segments including a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteoglycan, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y --Y-SUMO + X, where both X-SUMO and Y-SUMO are covalent linkages.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a LRR domain (leucine rich repeats) of a protein.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino-acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.
Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of the membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.
Catalysis of movement along a microfilament, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP).
Catalysis of the thiol-dependent hydrolysis of a peptide bond formed by the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and another protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ferrous iron, Fe(II).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.
Enables the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any complex of RNA and protein.
Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA by a beta-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the neuropilin family.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen peptide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dynein, the multisubunit protein complex that is associated with microtubules.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the RAGE receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products.
Functions during translation by interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a nitrogenous group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of the membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
Increases the activity of a peptidase that is involved in the apoptotic process.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters.
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxygen (O2).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
Catalysis of the transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine to a variety of substrates. GATases catalyze two separate reactions at two active sites, which are located either on a single polypeptide chain or on different subunits. In the glutaminase reaction, glutamine is hydrolyzed to glutamate and ammonia, which is added to an acceptor substrate in the synthase reaction.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
Enables the transfer of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, from one side of the membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + O2 = NAD(P)H + O2-.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more sulfur-sulfur bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.
Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rho family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate(n) + H2O = inositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from an inositol phosphate.
Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.
Catalysis of the reaction: inositol trisphosphate + ATP = inositol tetrakisphosphate + ADP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) receptor.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond.
Catalysis of the elimination of hydrogen sulfide or substituted H2S.
Combining selectively with an extracellular substance and delivering the substance into the cell via endocytosis.
Binds to and increases the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(in) = solute(in) + cation(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + acceptor = UDP + acceptor beta-D-glucuronoside.
A nucleic acid binding activity that brings together complementary sequences of nucleic acids so that they pair by hydrogen bonds to form a double-stranded polynucleotide.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific ion stimulus.
Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -ADP + phosphate + H+(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a large pore, un-gated channel. Examples include gap junctions, which transport substances from one cell to another; and porins which transport substances in and out of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribosomal RNA.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and molecular oxygen is incorporated into a donor.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Ral protein, any member of the Ral subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from a UDP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate.
Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' position.
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
Enables the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 1.
Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a quaternary ammonium group, including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and proline. A quaternary ammonium group is any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. This reaction requires the binding of a regulatory cyclin subunit and full activity requires stimulatory phosphorylation by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK).
Enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any peptide with hormonal activity in animals.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with kinesin, a member of a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins that perform force-generating tasks such as organelle transport and chromosome segregation.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to phosphatidylinositol or one of its phosphorylated derivatives at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid hormone receptor.
Combining with soluble bitter compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of bitter taste.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of RNA containing frequent adenine and uridine bases.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase.
Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a RNA helix.
Modulates the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase, enzymes of the protein kinase family that are regulated through association with cyclins and other proteins.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR chemokine receptor.
Combining with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single- or double-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ULP + S --X + S-ULP, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ULP linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ULP linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ULP and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with guanyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion A(out) + anion B(in) = anion A(in) + anion B(out).
Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.
Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Enables the directed movement of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-amyloid peptide/protein and/or its precursor.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any N-glycosyl bond.
Combining with a protein hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any chemokine receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proline-rich region, i.e. a region that contains a high proportion of proline residues, in a protein.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced or incorporated into a donor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded DNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an interferon-type I receptor, a heterodimeric complex composed of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription coactivator, any protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activating transcription factor, any protein whose activity is required to initiate or upregulate transcription.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with neurexins, synaptic cell surface proteins related to latrotoxin receptor, laminin and agrin. Neurexins act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.
Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a substrate.
Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine. The methylation of peptidyl-lysine in histones forms N6-methyl-L-lysine, N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine and N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine derivatives.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin-like growth factor receptor.
Catalysis of the generation of force resulting either in movement along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in tRNA molecules.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-specific protease.
Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a retinoid X receptor.
Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + anion(in).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with potassium (K+) ions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the basal transcription machinery which is composed of the RNA polymerase core enzyme and the basal transcription factor(s), the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the peroxide group acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a growth factor receptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.
Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTPase activating protein.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp70 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 70kDa in size.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small nuclear RNA (snRNA).
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with the GTPase ARF. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O.
Functions to provide a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein receptor signaling complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (monosaccharide) residues. These also include proteoglycans.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class V myosin; myosin V is a dimeric molecule involved in intracellular transport.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both.
Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the transfer of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(out) = solute(in) + H+(in).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with platelet-derived growth factor.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a nitrogenous group (acceptor).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the GTP-bound form of the Rho protein.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a delayed rectifying voltage-gated channel. A delayed rectifying current-voltage relation is one where channel activation kinetics are time-dependent, and inactivation is slow.
Catalysis of the removal of one or more acetyl groups from a protein, requiring NAD.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.
Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylglucosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine to a sugar.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters.
Catalysis of the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.
Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.
A ligand-gated ion channel activity which transports calcium in response to emptying of intracellular calcium stores.
Catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. This reaction requires the presence of calcium.
Enables the transfer of a macromolecule from one side of the membrane to the other.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rac protein, any member of the Rac subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any sulfuric ester bond, any ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy, not direct ATP coupling. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
Enables the directed movement of a drug into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A drug is any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and a 3'hydroxyl group.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription activating factor, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, alpha, beta or gamma.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and non-covalently with a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the cullin family, hydrophobic proteins that act as scaffolds for ubiquitin ligases (E3).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein tyrosine kinase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monovalent cation(out) + H+(in) = monovalent cation(in) + H+(out).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a tetrapyrrole, a compound containing four pyrrole nuclei variously substituted and linked to each other through carbons at the alpha position.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' end.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins.
Interacting non-covalently with a poly(A) RNA, a RNA molecule which has a tail of adenine bases.
Modulates the activity of a potassium channel.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron (Fe) ions.
Catalysis of the formation of a hydroxyl group on a steroid by incorporation of oxygen from O2.
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules in a signaling pathway, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Adaptor molecules themselves do not have catalytic activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and simultaneously with one or more signal transduction molecules, usually acting as a scaffold to bring these molecules into close proximity either using their own SH2/SH3 domains (e.g. Grb2) or those of their target molecules (e.g. SAM68).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinol, vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. Retinol is an intermediate in the vision cycle and it also plays a role in growth and differentiation.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion A(out) + inorganic anion B(in) = inorganic anion A(in) + inorganic anion B(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: retinol + NAD+ = retinal + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the DNA portion of a nucleosome.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
Any protein binding that is involved in cell-cell adhesion.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of an actin filament to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate.
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a methylated cytosine/guanine dinucleotide.
Any selective and non-covalent interaction with a nucleic acid involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric actin, also known as G-actin.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription repressor, any protein whose activity is required to prevent or downregulate transcription.
Enables the transfer of a polyol from one side of the membrane to the other. A polyol is any polyhydric alcohol.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a myosin complex; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amide.
Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of that signal.
Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
Modulates the activity of a sodium channel.
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded RNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex molecules; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Catalysis of the ligation of a fatty acid to an acceptor, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an apolipoprotein, the protein component of a lipoprotein complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone acetyltransferase.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alpha-actinin, one of a family of proteins that cross-link F-actin as antiparallel homodimers. Alpha-actinin has a molecular mass of 93-103 KDa; at the N-terminus there are two calponin homology domains, at the C-terminus there are two EF-hands. These two domains are connected by the rod domain. This domain is formed by triple-helical spectrin repeats.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tumor necrosis factor receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.
Catalysis of the transfer of a one-carbon group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an angiotensin receptor.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 5' extra nucleotides from tRNA precursor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one of the p53 family of proteins.
Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + H2O + phosphate + H+(in) = ATP + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the frizzled (fz) receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II) = ADP + phospho-(DNA-directed RNA polymerase II); phosphorylation occurs on residues in the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) repeats.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotrophin receptor.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide or isopeptide bonds within small proteins such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO), or between the small protein and a larger protein to which it has been conjugated.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.
Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a repressing transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a misfolded protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glutamate receptor.
Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced flavin or flavoprotein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phenol sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Notch (N) protein, a surface receptor.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).
Catalysis of the removal of an amino group from a substrate, producing ammonia (NH3).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a thyroid hormone receptor.
Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer, converting the signal into a form where it can ultimately trigger a change in the state or activity of a cell.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal amino acid residues from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a dopamine receptor.
Combining with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), a structure conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), an endogenous molecule released from damaged cells), and transmitting a signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuropeptides, peptides with direct synaptic effects (peptide neurotransmitters) or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system (peptide neuromodulators).
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a high voltage-gated channel. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gamma subunit of the catenin complex.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs).
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the Pol II basal transcription machinery, in order to modulate transcription by Pol II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a ribosome.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sodium ions (Na+).
Combining with a C-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H[CHOH]nC(=O)[CHOH]mH with three or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
Combining with an ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + 2 H+. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein that may contain introns and, at least in part, encodes one or more proteins. Introns are removed from pre-mRNA to form a mRNA molecule.
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled receptor.
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-oxygen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adenyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(out) = solute(in) + Na+(in).
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate.
Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in a tRNA molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cell adhesion molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is decreased.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with semaphorin receptors.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ephrin receptor.
Modulates the activity of a chloride channel.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an opsonin, such as a complement component or antibody, deposited on the surface of a bacteria, virus, immune complex, or other particulate material.
Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA helix.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ammonium ions (NH4+).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2A.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a monocarboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).
Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA polymerase.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate.
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.
Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any O-glycosyl bond.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any macromolecular complex.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is an aldose or a ketose, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.
Catalysis of the joining of an acid and a thiol via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an odorant, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in polypeptides by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) distal enhancer. In mammalian cells, enhancers are distal sequences that increase the utilization of some promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the core promoter.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokine receptor.
Modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.
Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of proteins through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the armadillo repeat domain of a protein, an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila segment polarity protein armadillo. Arm-repeat proteins are involved in various processes, including intracellular signalling and cytoskeletal regulation.
Enables the energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rab family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.
Modulates the activity of a calcium channel.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme.
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic process.
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific structure or configuration e.g. triplex DNA binding or bent DNA binding.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a coenzyme, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with small nucleolar RNA.
Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium.
Modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl-histone. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or lysine residue.
Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein.
Genes down-regulated in RK3E cells (kidney epithelium) over-expressing GLI1 [Gene ID=2735].
Genes up-regulated in RK3E cells (kidney epithelium) over-expressing GLI1 [Gene ID=2735].
Genes down-regulated in mouse fibroblasts over-expressing E2F1 [Gene ID=1869] gene.
Genes up-regulated in mouse fibroblasts over-expressing E2F1 [Gene ID=1869] gene.
Genes down-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] and engineered to express ligand-activatable EGFR [Gene ID=1956].
Genes up-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] and engineered to express ligand-activatable EGFR [Gene ID=1956].
Genes down-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] and engineered to express ligand-activatable ERBB2 [Gene ID=2064].
Genes up-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] and engineered to express ligand-activatable ERBB2 [Gene ID=2064].
Genes down-regulated in granule cell neuron precursors (GCNPs) after stimulation with Shh for 3h.
Genes up-regulated in granule cell neuron precursors (GCNPs) after stimulation with Shh for 3h.
Genes down-regulated in granule cell neuron precursors (GCNPs) after stimulation with Shh for 24h.
Genes up-regulated in granule cell neuron precursors (GCNPs) after stimulation with Shh for 24h.
Genes down-regulated in BJAB (lymphoma) cells by rapamycin (sirolimus) [PubChem = 6610346].
Genes up-regulated in BJAB (lymphoma) cells by rapamycin (sirolimus) [PubChem = 6610346].
Immune or inflammatory genes induced by NF-kappaB in primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
Matrix, adhesion or cytoskeleton genes induced by NF-kappaB in primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
Genes down-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) over-expressing a mutant K112E form of CCND1 [Gene ID=595] gene.
Genes up-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) over-expressing a mutant K112E form of CCND1 [Gene ID=595] gene.
Genes down-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) over-expressing CCND1 [Gene ID=595] gene.
Genes up-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) over-expressing CCND1 [Gene ID=595] gene.
Genes down-regulated in early serum response of CRL 2091 cells (foreskin fibroblasts).
Genes up-regulated in early serum response of CRL 2091 cells (foreskin fibroblasts).
Genes down-regulated in late serum response of CRL 2091 cells (foreskin fibroblasts).
Genes up-regulated in late serum response of CRL 2091 cells (foreskin fibroblasts).
Genes down-regulated by everolimus [PubChem = 6442177] in mouse prostate tissue transgenically expressing human AKT1 gene [Gene ID=207]  vs untreated controls.
Genes up-regulated by everolimus [PubChem = 6442177] in mouse prostate tissue transgenically expressing human AKT1 gene [Gene ID=207]  vs untreated controls.
Genes down-regulated in mouse prostate by transgenic expression of human AKT1 gene [Gene ID=207] vs controls.
Genes up-regulated in mouse prostate by transgenic expression of human AKT1 gene [Gene ID=207]  vs controls.
Genes down-regulated by everolimus [PubChem = 6442177] in prostate tissue.
Genes up-regulated by everolimus [PubChem = 6442177] in prostate tissue.
Genes down-regulated in HUVEC cells (endothelium) by treatment with PIGF [Gene ID=5281].
Genes up-regulated in HUVEC cells (endothelium) by treatment with PIGF [Gene ID=5281].
Genes down-regulated in HUVEC cells (endothelium) by treatment with VEGFA [Gene ID=7422].
Genes up-regulated in HUVEC cells (endothelium) by treatment with VEGFA [Gene ID=7422].
Genes down-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) expressing constitutively active form of CTNNB1 [Gene ID=1499] gene.
Genes up-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) expressing constitutively active form of CTNNB1 [Gene ID=1499] gene.
Genes down-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) expressing constitutively active form of CTNNB1 [Gene ID=1499] gene.
Genes up-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) expressing constitutively active form of CTNNB1 [Gene ID=1499] gene.
Genes down-regulated in myometrial cells over-expressing a shortened splice form of ATF2 [Gene ID=1386] gene.
Genes up-regulated in myometrial cells over-expressing a shortened splice form of ATF2 [Gene ID=1386] gene.
Genes down-regulated in myometrial cells over-expressing ATF2 [Gene ID=1386] gene.
Genes up-regulated in myometrial cells over-expressing ATF2 [Gene ID=1386] gene.
Genes down-regulated in C57MG cells (mammary epithelium) by over-expression of WNT1 [Gene ID=7471] gene.
Genes up-regulated in C57MG cells (mammary epithelium) by over-expression of WNT1 [Gene ID=7471] gene.
Genes down-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) upon knockdown of ATM [Gene ID=472] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) upon knockdown of ATM [Gene ID=472] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) upon knockdown of TP53 [Gene ID=7157] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) upon knockdown of TP53 [Gene ID=7157] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) upon knockdown of RELA [Gene ID=5970] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in HEK293 cells (kidney fibroblasts) upon knockdown of RELA [Gene ID=5970] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in NCI-60 panel of cell lines with mutated TP53 [Gene ID=7157].
Genes up-regulated in NCI-60 panel of cell lines with mutated TP53 [Gene ID=7157].
Genes down-regulated in primary epithelial breast cancer cell culture over-expressing activated CTNNB1 [Gene ID=1499] gene.
Genes up-regulated in primary epithelial breast cancer cell culture over-expressing activated CTNNB1 [Gene ID=1499] gene.
Genes down-regulated in primary epithelial breast cancer cell culture over-expressing E2F3 [Gene ID=1871] gene.
Genes up-regulated in primary epithelial breast cancer cell culture over-expressing E2F3 [Gene ID=1871] gene.
Genes down-regulated in primary epithelial breast cancer cell culture over-expressing MYC [Gene ID=4609] gene.
Genes up-regulated in primary epithelial breast cancer cell culture over-expressing MYC [Gene ID=4609] gene.
Genes down-regulated in primary epithelial breast cancer cell culture over-expressing SRC [Gene ID=6714] gene.
Genes up-regulated in primary epithelial breast cancer cell culture over-expressing SRC [Gene ID=6714] gene.
Genes down-regulated in MEF cells (embryonic fibroblasts) with knockout of SNF5 [Gene ID=6598] gene.
Genes up-regulated in MEF cells (embryonic fibroblasts) with knockout of SNF5 [Gene ID=6598] gene.
Genes down-regulated in primary thyrocyte cultures in response to cAMP signaling pathway activation by thyrotropin (TSH).
Genes up-regulated in primary thyrocyte cultures in response to cAMP signaling pathway activation by thyrotropin (TSH).
Genes down-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) and long-term adapted for estrogen-independent growth.
Genes up-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) and long-term adapted for estrogen-independent growth.
Genes down-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) stably over-expressing constitutively active MAP2K1 [Gene ID=5604] gene.
Genes up-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) stably over-expressing constitutively active MAP2K1 [Gene ID=5604] gene.
Genes down-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) stably over-expressing constitutively active RAF1 [Gene ID=5894] gene.
Genes up-regulated in MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) positive for ESR1 [Gene ID=2099] MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) stably over-expressing constitutively active RAF1 [Gene ID=5894] gene.
Genes down-regulated in TIG3 cells (fibroblasts) upon knockdown of BMI1 [Gene ID=648] gene.
Genes up-regulated in TIG3 cells (fibroblasts) upon knockdown of BMI1 [Gene ID=648] gene.
Genes down-regulated in TIG3 cells (fibroblasts) upon knockdown of EED [Gene ID=8726] gene.
Genes up-regulated in TIG3 cells (fibroblasts) upon knockdown of EED [Gene ID=8726] gene.
Genes down-regulated in TIG3 cells (fibroblasts) upon knockdown of EZH2 [Gene ID=2146] gene.
Genes up-regulated in TIG3 cells (fibroblasts) upon knockdown of EZH2 [Gene ID=2146] gene.
Genes down-regulated in TIG3 cells (fibroblasts) upon knockdown of SUZ12 [Gene ID=23512] gene.
Genes up-regulated in TIG3 cells (fibroblasts) upon knockdown of SUZ12 [Gene ID=23512] gene.
Genes down-regulated in JNK inhibitor-treated (SP600125[PubChem=8515]) keratinocytes.
Genes up-regulated in JNK inhibitor-treated (SP600125[PubChem=8515]) keratinocytes.
Genes down-regulated in MCF10A cells (breast cancer) upon knockdown of BRCA1 [Gene ID=672] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in MCF10A cells (breast cancer) upon knockdown of BRCA1 [Gene ID=672] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in MCF10A cells (breast cancer) upon knockdown of RBBP8 [Gene ID=RBBP8] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in MCF10A cells (breast cancer) upon knockdown of RBBP8 [Gene ID=RBBP8] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in small intenstine in PRKCA [Gene ID=5578] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in small intenstine in PRKCA [Gene ID=5578] knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in CEM-C1 cells (T-CLL) in comparison of control vs rapamycin (sirolimus) [PubChem=6610346], an mTOR pathway inhibitor.
Genes up-regulated in CEM-C1 cells (T-CLL) in comparison of control vs rapamycin (sirolimus) [PubChem=6610346], an mTOR pathway inhibitor.
Genes down-regulated in HCT116 cells (colon carcinoma) upon knockdown of PTEN [Gene ID=5728] by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in HCT116 cells (colon carcinoma) upon knockdown of PTEN [Gene ID=5728] by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in A549 lung carcinoma and M059K glioblastoma cells treated with dichloroacetate [PubChem=6597].
Genes up-regulated in A549 lung carcinoma and M059K glioblastoma cells treated with dichloroacetate [PubChem=6597].
Genes down-regulated during early stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies from J1 embryonic stem cells.
Genes up-regulated during early stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies from J1 embryonic stem cells.
Genes down-regulated during late stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies from J1 embryonic stem cells.
Genes up-regulated during late stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies from J1 embryonic stem cells.
Genes down-regulated during early stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies from V6.5 embryonic stem cells.
Genes up-regulated during early stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies from V6.5 embryonic stem cells.
Genes down-regulated during late stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies from V6.5 embryonic stem cells.
Genes up-regulated during late stages of differentiation of embryoid bodies from V6.5 embryonic stem cells.
Genes down-regulated in DAOY cells (medulloblastoma) upon knockdown of ALK [Gene ID=238] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in DAOY cells (medulloblastoma) upon knockdown of ALK [Gene ID=238] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in DAOY cells (medulloblastoma) upon knockdown of BMI1 and PCGF2 [Gene ID=648, 7703] genes by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in DAOY cells (medulloblastoma) upon knockdown of BMI1 and PCGF2 [Gene ID=648, 7703] genes by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in DAOY cells (medulloblastoma) upon knockdown of BMI1 [Gene ID=648] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in DAOY cells (medulloblastoma) upon knockdown of BMI1 [Gene ID=648] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in DAOY cells (medulloblastoma) upon knockdown of PCGF2 [Gene ID=7703] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in DAOY cells (medulloblastoma) upon knockdown of PCGF2 [Gene ID=7703] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated upon knockdown of PTEN [Gene ID=5728] by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated upon knockdown of PTEN [Gene ID=5728] by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in MOLT4 cells (T-ALL) by DAPT [PubChem=16219261], an inhibitor of NOTCH signaling pathway.
Genes up-regulated in MOLT4 cells (T-ALL) by DAPT [PubChem=16219261], an inhibitor of NOTCH signaling pathway.
Genes down-regulated in HMEC cells (primary mammary epithelium) upon over-expression of EIF4E [Gene ID=1977] gene.
Genes up-regulated in HMEC cells (primary mammary epithelium) upon over-expression of EIF4E [Gene ID=1977] gene.
Genes down-regulated in retina cells from CRX [Gene ID=1406] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in retina cells from CRX [Gene ID=1406] knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in retina cells from CRX and NRL [Gene ID=1406, 4901] double knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in retina cells from CRX and NRL [Gene ID=1406, 4901] double knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in retina cells from NRL [Gene ID=4901] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in retina cells from NRL [Gene ID=4901] knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in primary keratinocytes from RB1 [Gene ID=5925] skin specific knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in primary keratinocytes from RB1 [Gene ID=5925] skin specific knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in primary keratinocytes from RB1 and RBL1 [Gene ID=5925, 5933] skin specific knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in primary keratinocytes from RB1 and RBL1 [Gene ID=5925, 5933] skin specific knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in primary keratinocytes from RB1 and RBL2 [Gene ID=5925, 5934] skin specific knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in primary keratinocytes from RB1 and RBL2 [Gene ID=5925, 5934] skin specific knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in astrocytes.
Genes up-regulated in astrogia cells.
Genes up-regulated in neurons.
Genes up-regulated in oligodendrocytes.
Genes down-regulated in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells after knockdown of RPS14 [Gene ID=6208] by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells after knockdown of RPS14 [Gene ID=6208] by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in Sez-4 cells (T lymphocyte) that were first starved of IL2 [Gene ID=3558] and then stimulated with IL15 [Gene ID=3600].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-4 cells (T lymphocyte) that were first starved of IL2 [Gene ID=3558] and then stimulated with IL15 [Gene ID=3600].
Genes down-regulated in Sez-4 cells (T lymphocyte) that were first starved of IL2 [Gene ID=3558] and then stimulated with IL2 [Gene ID=3558].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-4 cells (T lymphocyte) that were first starved of IL2 [Gene ID=3558] and then stimulated with IL2 [Gene ID=3558].
Genes down-regulated in Sez-4 cells (T lymphocyte) that were first starved of IL2 [Gene ID=3558] and then stimulated with IL21 [Gene ID=59067].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-4 cells (T lymphocyte) that were first starved of IL2 [Gene ID=3558] and then stimulated with IL21 [Gene ID=59067].
Genes down-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells (neuroblastoma) in response to PDGF [Gene ID=] stimulation after pre-treatment with the ERK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059 [PubChem=3006531, 4713].
Genes up-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells (neuroblastoma) in response to PDGF [Gene ID=] stimulation after pre-treatment with the ERK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059 [PubChem=3006531, 4713].
Genes down-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells (neuroblastoma) in response to PDGF [Gene ID=] stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells (neuroblastoma) in response to PDGF [Gene ID=] stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in a panel of epithelial cell lines by TGFB1 [Gene ID=7040].
Genes up-regulated in a panel of epithelial cell lines by TGFB1 [Gene ID=7040].
Genes down-regulated in MCF10A cells (breast cancer) over-expressing YAP1 [Gene ID=10413] gene.
Genes up-regulated in MCF10A cells (breast cancer) over-expressing YAP1 [Gene ID=10413] gene.
Genes down-regulated in MCF10A cells vs knockdown of EIF4G1 [Gene ID=1981] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in MCF10A cells vs knockdown of EIF4G1 [Gene ID=1981] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in MOLM-14 cells (AML) with knockdown of HOXA9 [Gene ID=3205] gene by RNAi vs controls.
Genes up-regulated in MOLM-14 cells (AML) with knockdown of HOXA9 [Gene ID=3205] gene by RNAi vs controls.
Genes defining the KRAS [Gene ID=3845] dependency signature.
Genes down-regulated in NOMO-1 and SKM-1 cells (AML) after knockdown of STK33 [Gene ID=65975] by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in NOMO-1 cells (AML) after knockdown of STK33 [Gene ID=65975] by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in NOMO-1 cells (AML) after knockdown of STK33 [Gene ID=65975] by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in SKM-1 cells (AML) after knockdown of STK33 [Gene ID=65975] by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in SKM-1 cells (AML) after knockdown of STK33 [Gene ID=65975] by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in NOMO-1 and SKM-1 cells (AML) after knockdown of STK33 [Gene ID=65975] by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines over-expressing KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines over-expressing KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines upon over-expression of an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene and knockdown of TBK1 [Gene ID=29110] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines upon over-expression of an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene and knockdown of TBK1 [Gene ID=29110] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines upon over-expression of an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene and knockdown of TBK1 [Gene ID=29110] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines upon over-expression of an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene and knockdown of TBK1 [Gene ID=29110] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in MEF cells (embryonic fibroblasts) with knockout of NFE2L2 [Gene ID=4780] gene.
YAP conserved signature.
Genes down-regulated in HEL cells (erythroleukemia) after knockdown of JAK2 [Gene ID=3717] gene by RNAi.
Genes up-regulated in HEL cells (erythroleukemia) after knockdown of JAK2 [Gene ID=3717] gene by RNAi.
Genes down-regulated in four lineages of epithelial cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in four lineages of epithelial cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in four lineages of epithelial cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in four lineages of epithelial cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in four lineages of epithelial cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in four lineages of epithelial cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial lung and breast cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial lung and breast cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial breast cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of  KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial breast cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial kidney cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial kidney cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial lung cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial breast cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of  KRAS [Gene ID=3845 gene].
Genes up-regulated in epithelial lung and breast cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial prostate cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial prostate cancer cell lines over-expressing an oncogenic form of KRAS [Gene ID=3845] gene.
Genes down-regulated in DLD1 cells (colon carcinoma) over-expressing LEF1 [Gene ID=51176].
Genes up-regulated in DLD1 cells (colon carcinoma) over-expressing LEF1 [Gene ID=51176].
Genes up-regulated in na������ve CD8 T cells compared to effector CD8 T cells at the peak expansion phase (day 8 after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes down-regulated in na������ve CD8 T cells compared to effector CD8 T cells at the peak expansion phase (day 8 after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes up-regulated in na������ve CD8 T cells compared to effector CD8 T cells at contraction phase (day 15 after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes down-regulated in na������ve CD8 T cells compared to effector CD8 T cells at contraction phase (day 15 after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes up-regulated in na������ve CD8 T cells compared to memory CD8 T cells (day 40+ after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes down-regulated in na������ve CD8 T cells compared to memory CD8 T cells (day 40+ after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes up-regulated in effector CD8 T cells at the peak expansion phase (day 8 after LCMV-Armstrong infection) compared to effector CD8 T cells at contraction phase (day 15 after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes down-regulated in effector CD8 T cells at the peak expansion phase (day 8 after LCMV-Armstrong infection) compared to effector CD8 T cells at contraction phase (day 15 after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes up-regulated in effector CD8 T cells at the peak expansion phase (day 8 after LCMV-Armstrong infection) compared to memory CD8 T cells (day 40+ after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes down-regulated in effector CD8 T cells at the peak expansion phase (day 8 after LCMV-Armstrong infection) compared to memory CD8 T cells (day 40+ after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes up-regulated in effector CD8 T cells at contraction phase (day 15 after LCMV-Armstrong infection) compared to memory CD8 T cells (day 40+ after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes down-regulated in effector CD8 T cells at contraction phase (day 15 after LCMV-Armstrong infection) compared to memory CD8 T cells (day 40+ after LCMV-Armstrong infection).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of na������ve CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of na������ve CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from mice challenged with LCMV versus those challenged with Listeria-gp61.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from mice challenged with LCMV versus those challenged with Listeria-gp61.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells KLRG1 Int [GeneID=10219].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells KLRG1 Int [GeneID=10219].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells KLRG1 high [GeneID=10219].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells KLRG1 high [GeneID=10219].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells KLRG1 intermediate [GeneID=10219].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells KLRG1 intermediate [GeneID=10219].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells KLRG1 high [GeneID=10219].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells KLRG1 high [GeneID=10219].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 T cells KRLG1 Int [GeneID=10219] vs those with KRLG1 Hi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 T cells KRLG1 Int [GeneID=10219] vs those with KRLG1 Hi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive vs effector CD8 T cells (4-5 days postinfection).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive vs effector CD8 T cells (4-5 days postinfection).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of healthy CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus healthy CD19 [GeneID=920] B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of healthy CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus healthy CD19 [GeneID=920] B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of healthy CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus healthy myeloid cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of healthy CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus healthy myeloid cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of healthy B cells versus healthy myeloid cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of healthy B cells versus healthy myeloid cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of systemic lupus erythematosus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of systemic lupus erythematosus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of systemic lupus erythematosus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus myeloid cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of systemic lupus erythematosus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus myeloid cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of systemic lupus erythematosus B cells versus systemic lupus erythromatosus myeloid cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of systemic lupus erythematosus B cells versus systemic lupus erythromatosus myeloid cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of healthy CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of healthy CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of healthy B cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of healthy B cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of healthy myeloid cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus myeloid cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of healthy myeloid cells versus systemic lupus erythematosus myeloid cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells activated in the absense of VAF347 [PubChem=10172275] versus those activated in the presence of VAF347 [PubChem=10172275].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells activated in the absense of VAF347 [PubChem=10172275] versus those activated in the presence of VAF347 [PubChem=10172275].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages treated with control (hIgG1) versus those treated with TNFRSF6B [GeneID=8771].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages treated with control (hIgG1) versus those treated with TNFRSF6B [GeneID=8771].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive T cells versus effector memory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive T cells versus effector memory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive T cells versus central memory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive T cells versus central memory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive T cells versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive T cells versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effector memory T cells versus central memory T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effector memory T cells versus central memory T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effector memory T cells versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Genes down-regulated in comarison of effector memory T cells versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of central memory T cells versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of central memory T cells versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive T cells versus memory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive T cells versus memory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) versus memory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) versus memory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435], IFNG [GeneID=3458] and Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435], IFNG [GeneID=3458] and Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and Pam3Cyc.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF[GeneID=1435] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and Pam3Cyc.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435], IFNG [GeneID=3458] and Pam3Cyc.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435], IFNG [GeneID=3458] and Pam3Cyc.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and Pam3Cyc.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and Pam3Cyc.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435], IFNG [GeneID=3458] and Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435], IFNG [GeneID=3458] and Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and Pam3Cyc versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435], IFNG [GeneID=3458] and Pam3Cyc.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435] and Pam3Cyc versus macrophages cultured with M-CSF [GeneID=1435], IFNG [GeneID=3458] and Pam3Cyc.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of germinal center B cells versus plasma cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of germinal center B cells versus plasma cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of germinal center B cells versus naive B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of germinal center B cells versus naive B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of germinal center B cells versus memory B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of germinal center B cells versus memory B cells.
Genes up-regulated in plasma cells versus naive B cells.
Genes down-regulated in plasma cells versus naive B cells.
Genes up-regulated in plasma cells versus memory B cells.
Genes down-regulated in plasma cells versus memory B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus memory B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus memory B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgD+ B cells versus IgD- B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgD+ B cells versus IgD- B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgD+ peripheral blood B cells versus IgD- naive tonsil B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgD+ peripheral blood B cells versus IgD- naive tonsil B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgD+ B cells from peripheral blood versus CD19 pre-germinal center tonsil B cell
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgD+ B cells from peripheral blood versus CD19 pre-germinal center tonsil B cell
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgD+ peripheral blood B cells versus dark zone germincal center B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgD+ peripheral blood B cells versus dark zone germincal center B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgD- peripheral blood B cells versus dark zone germinal center B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgD- peripheral blood B cells versus dark zone germinal center B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgD- peripheral blood B cells versus pre-germinal center B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgD- peripheral blood B cells versus pre-germinal center B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgD- peripheral blood B cells versus dark zone germinal center B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgD- peripheral blood B cells versus dark zone germinal center B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cell versus pre-germinal tonsil B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cell versus pre-germinal tonsil B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cell versus dark zone germinal center B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cell versus dark zone germinal center B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of pre-germinal center B cells versus dark zone germinal center B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of pre-germinal center B cells versus dark zone germinal center B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of immature NK cells versus mature NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of immature NK cells versus mature NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of immature NK cells versus intermediate mature NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of immature NK cells versus intermediate mature NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mature NK cells versus intermediate mature KN cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mature NK cells versus intermediate mature KN cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated with lamina propria dendritic cells versus regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated with lamina propria dendritic cells versus regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells activated with lamina propria dendritic cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells activated with lamina propria dendritic cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with retinoic acid (tretinoin) [PubChem=444795] versus conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with retinoic acid (tretinoin) [PubChem=444795] versus conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with retinoic acid (tretinoin) [PubChem=444795] versus untreated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with retinoic acid (tretinoin) [PubChem=444795] versus untreated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of conventional T cells treated with retinoic acid (tretinoin) [PubChem=444795] versus untreated conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of conventional T cells treated with retinoic acid (tretinoin) [PubChem=444795] versus untreated conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with retinoic acid (tretinoin) [PubChem=444795] versus untreated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with retinoic acid (tretinoin) [PubChem=444795] versus untreated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus IgM-memory B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus IgM-memory B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus Ig isotype switched memory B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus Ig isotype switched memory B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus plasma cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus plasma cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus memory B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus memory B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgM-memory B cells versus Ig isotype switched memory B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgM-memory B cells versus Ig isotype switched memory B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgM-memory B cells versus plasma cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of IgM-memory B cells versus plasma cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Ig isotype switched memory B cells versus plasma cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Ig isotype switched memory B cells versus plasma cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of plasma cells versus memory B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of plasma cells versus memory B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 0 h  versus PBMC cultured for 3 h with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 0 h  versus PBMC cultured for 3 h with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 0 h versus PBMC cultured for 12 h with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 0 h versus PBMC cultured for 12 h with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 3 h versus PBMC cultured for 3 h with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 3 h versus PBMC cultured for 3 h with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 12 h versus PBMC cultured for 12 h with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 12 h versus PBMC cultured for 12 h with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with YF17D vaccine for 12 h versus PBMC cultured for 3 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with YF17D vaccine for 12 h versus PBMC cultured for 3 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC stimulated with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC stimulated with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC 1 day after stimulation with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC 1 day after stimulation with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC 3 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC 3 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC 7 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC 7 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC 21 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMC 21 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 1 day after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 3 days after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 1 day after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 3 days after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 1 day after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 7 days after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 1 day after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 7 days after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 1 day after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 21 days after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 1 day after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 21 days after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 3 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 7 days after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 3 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 7 days after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 3 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 21 days after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 3 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 21 days after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 7 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 21 days after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 7 days after stimulation with YF17D vaccine versus PBMC 21 days after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before vs after YF17D vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before vs after YF17D vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus CD4 [GeneID=920] Int CD8 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus CD4 [GeneID=920] Int CD8 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus CD8 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus CD8 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 Int thymocytes versus CD8 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 Int thymocytes versus CD8 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of resting CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus directly activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of resting CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus directly activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of resting CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus bystander activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of resting CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus bystander activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of directly activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus bystander activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of directly activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus bystander activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA versus total mRNA in dendritic cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA versus total mRNA in dendritic cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA versus total mRNA 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA versus total mRNA 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA versus total mRNA 16 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA versus total mRNA 16 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA before and 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA before and 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA before and 16 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA before and 16 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) before and 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) before and 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) before and 16 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) before and 16 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA in dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation versus those at 16 h after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of polysome bound (translated) mRNA in dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation versus those at 16 h after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation versus those at 16 h after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h after LPS (TLR4 agonist) stimulation versus those at 16 h after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=620] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=620] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th2cells  versus induced regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus induced regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th2 cells versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus Th17 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus induced regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus induced regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th1 cells versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th17 cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th17 cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th17 cells versus induced regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th17 cells versus induced regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Th17 cells versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Th17 cells versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus induced regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus induced regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of induced regulatory T cell (Treg) versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of induced regulatory T cell (Treg) versus natural regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control microglia cells versus those 1 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control microglia cells versus those 1 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control microglia cells versus those 6 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control microglia cells versus those 6 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control microglia cells versus those 24 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control microglia cells versus those 24 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of microglia cells 1 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus microglia cells 6 h after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of microglia cells 1 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus microglia cells 6 h after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of microglia cells 1 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus microglia cells 24 h after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of microglia cells 1 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus microglia cells 24 h after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of microglia cells 6 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus microglia cells 24 h after the stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of microglia cells 6 h after stimulation with IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus microglia cells 24 h after the stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus effector T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus effector T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from IL2RB [GeneID=3560] defficient mice versus effector T cells from IL2RB [GeneID=3560] defficient mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from IL2RB [GeneID=3560] defficient mice versus effector T cells from IL2RB [GeneID=3560] defficient mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from IL2RB [GeneID=3560] defficient mice versus regulatory T cell (Treg) from wild type animals.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from IL2RB [GeneID=3560] defficient mice versus regulatory T cell (Treg) from wild type animals.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effector T cells from IL2RB [GeneID=3560] defficient mice versus effector T cells from wild type animals.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effector T cells from IL2RB [GeneID=3560] defficient mice versus effector T cells from wild type animals.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus those after stimulation with anti-Valpha2 antibodies.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus those after stimulation with anti-Valpha2 antibodies.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus those after stimulation with anti-Vbeta5 antibodies.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus those after stimulation with anti-Vbeta5 antibodies.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes stimulated with anti-Valpha2 antibodies versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes stimulated with anti-beta5 antibodies.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes stimulated with anti-Valpha2 antibodies versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes stimulated with anti-beta5 antibodies.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus CD4 [GeneID=920] thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus CD4 [GeneID=920] thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from adult blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from adult blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of intrathymic T progenitor cells (ITTP) versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus T cells from cord blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus T cells from cord blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from adult blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from adult blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 thymocytes versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] thymocytes versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] thymocytes versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] thymocytes versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from adult blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] thymocytes versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from adult blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] thymocytes versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] thymocytes versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood versus those from adult blood.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood versus those from adult blood.
Genes up-regulated in naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes down-regulated in naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from cord blood versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes up-regulated in naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from adult blood versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes down-regulated in naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from adult blood versus thymic stromal cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 20 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 20 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 40 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 40 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 60 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 60 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 80 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 80 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 120 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 120 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 240 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 240 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 360 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated macrophage cells versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 360 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 20 min versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 360 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 20 min versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 360 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 40 min versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 360 min.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 40 min versus macrophage cells stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 360 min.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD2+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) versus CD2- cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD2+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) versus CD2- cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus activated CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus activated CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells from ELF4 [GeneID=2000] defficient mice versus activated CD8 T cells from ELF4 [GeneID=2000] defficient animals.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells from ELF4 [GeneID=2000] defficient mice versus activated CD8 T cells from ELF4 [GeneID=2000] defficient animals.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells from ELF4 [GeneID=2000] defficient mice versus those from wild type animals.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells from ELF4 [GeneID=2000] defficient mice versus those from wild type animals.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of activated CD8 T cells from ELF4 [GeneID=2000] defficient mice versus those from wild type animals.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of activated CD8 T cells from ELF4 [GeneID=2000] defficient mice versus those from wild type animals.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus PTPRC+ [GeneID=5788] CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus PTPRC+ [GeneID=5788] CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus resting regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus resting regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus non-suppressive T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus non-suppressive T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus activated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus activated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of PTPRC- [GeneID=5788] CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus PTPRC+ [GeneID=5788] resting regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of PTPRC- [GeneID=5788] CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus PTPRC+ [GeneID=5788] resting regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of PTPRC- [GeneID=5788] CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus non-suppressive T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of PTPRC- [GeneID=5788] CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus non-suppressive T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of PTPRC- [GeneID=5788] CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus activated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of PTPRC- [GeneID=5788] CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus activated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of resting regulatory T cell (Treg) versus non-suppressive T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of resting regulatory T cell (Treg) versus non-suppressive T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of resting regulatory T cell (Treg) versus activated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of resting regulatory T cell (Treg) versus activated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of non-suppressive T cells versus activated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of non-suppressive T cells versus activated regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from bone marrow versus those from spleen.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from bone marrow versus those from spleen.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of wild type CD8 effector T cells at day 6 versus those  from mice defficient for TRAF6 [GeneID=7189] at day 6.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of wild type CD8 effector T cells at day 6 versus those  from mice defficient for TRAF6 [GeneID=7189] at day 6.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of wild type CD8 effector T cells at day 10 versus those  from mice defficient for TRAF6 [GeneID=7189] at day 10.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of wild type CD8 effector T cells at day 10 versus those  from mice defficient for TRAF6 [GeneID=7189] at day 10.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of wild type CD8 effector T cells at day 6 versus those at day 10.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of wild type CD8 effector T cells at day 6 versus those at day 10.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of wild type CD8 effector T cells at day 6 versus those  from mice defficient for TRAF6 [GeneID=7189] at day 10.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of wild type CD8 effector T cells at day 6 versus those  from mice defficient for TRAF6 [GeneID=7189] at day 10.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of medullary macrophages versus subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of medullary macrophages versus subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 24 h after stimulation with IL12 .
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 24 h after stimulation with IL12 .
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 24 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 24 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 48 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 48 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 48 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 48 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 72 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 72 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 72 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 72 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 72 h after treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) [PubChem=5562].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells at 0 h versus those at 72 h after treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) [PubChem=5562].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 24 h versus CD8 T cells at 24 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 24 h versus CD8 T cells at 24 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 24 h versus CD8 T cells at 24 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 24 h versus CD8 T cells at 24 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 24 h versus CD8 T cells at 24 h after treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) [PubChem=5562].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 24 h versus CD8 T cells at 24 h after treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) [PubChem=5562].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 48 h versus CD8 T cells at 48 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 48 h versus CD8 T cells at 48 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 48 h versus CD8 T cells at 48 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 48 h versus CD8 T cells at 48 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 48 h versus CD8 T cells at 48 h after treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) [PubChem=5562].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 48 h versus CD8 T cells at 48 h after treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) [PubChem=5562].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 72 h versus CD8 T cells at 72 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 72 h versus CD8 T cells at 72 h after stimulation with IL12.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 72 h versus CD8 T cells at 72 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 72 h versus CD8 T cells at 72 h after stimulation with antigen-B7-1.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 72 h versus CD8 T cells at 72 h after treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) [PubChem=5562].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated CD8 T cells at 72 h versus CD8 T cells at 72 h after treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) [PubChem=5562].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of rested memory CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice versus rested naive CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of rested memory CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice versus rested naive CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of stimulated memory CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice versus stimulated naive CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of stimulated memory CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice versus stimulated naive CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of stimulated memory CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice versus unstimulated memory CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of stimulated memory CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice versus unstimulated memory CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of stimulated naive CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice versus unstimulated naive CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of stimulated naive CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice versus unstimulated naive CD8 T cells from pmel-1 mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control macrophages versus macrophages treated with interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control macrophages versus macrophages treated with interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from uninfected mice versus T effector cells from uninfected mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from uninfected mice versus T effector cells from uninfected mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from mice infected with S. mansoni versus T effector cells from the infected mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from mice infected with S. mansoni versus T effector cells from the infected mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of T effector cells from uninfected mice versus T effector cells from mice infected with S. mansoni.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of T effector cells from uninfected mice versus T effector cells from mice infected with S. mansoni.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from uninfected mice versus regulatory T cell (Treg) from mice infected with S. mansoni.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from uninfected mice versus regulatory T cell (Treg) from mice infected with S. mansoni.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 1 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 2 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 6 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 8 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 12 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control dendritic cells (DC) at 24 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 6 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 16 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 24 h versus DC cells stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 4 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at all time points versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h only.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at all time points versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h only.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated with Pam3Csk4 (TLR1/2 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 4 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 0.5 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 4 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 12 h versus those stimulated with Gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0 h versus the cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 0.5 h versus the untreated cells at 0.5 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 0.5 h versus the untreated cells at 0.5 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 1 h versus the untreated cells at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 1 h versus the untreated cells at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 2 h versus the untreated cells at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 2 h versus the untreated cells at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 4 h versus the untreated cells at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 4 h versus the untreated cells at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 6 h versus the untreated cells at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 6 h versus the untreated cells at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 12 h versus the untreated cells at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 12 h versus the untreated cells at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 24 h versus the untreated cells at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 24 h versus the untreated cells at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 48 h versus the untreated cells at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 48 h versus the untreated cells at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 72 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 72 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0.5 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 0.5 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 1 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 1 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 2 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells at 2 h versus the untreated cells at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 0.5 h versus those at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 0.5 h versus those at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 1.5 h versus those at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 1.5 h versus those at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 2 h versus those at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and anti-IL12 at 2 h versus those at 72 h.
Genes up-regualted in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from CBFB [GeneID=865] deficient mice versus those from wild type animals.
Genes down-regualted in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) from CBFB [GeneID=865] deficient mice versus those from wild type animals.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 10 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 10 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 14 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 14 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 18 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 0 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 18 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 1 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 1 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 2 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 2 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 6 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 6 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 10 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 10 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 10 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 10 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 18 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 18 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control conventional dendritic cells (cDC) at 18 h versus cDCs infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 18 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 IL2RA [GeneID=3559] low T cells at.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 IL2RA [GeneID=3559] low T cells at.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 IL2RA [GeneID=3559] high T cells at.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 IL2RA [GeneID=3559] high T cells at.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 IL2RA [GeneID=3559] low T cells versus effector CD8 IL2RA [GeneID=3559] high cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 IL2RA [GeneID=3559] low T cells versus effector CD8 IL2RA [GeneID=3559] high cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive vs effector CD8 T cells (3.5 days postinfection).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive vs effector CD8 T cells (3.5 days postinfection).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of contols neutrophils versus those infected with a bacterium (F. nucleatum).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of contols neutrophils versus those infected with a bacterium (F. nucleatum).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TregCD103-Klrg1 versus TconvLP (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TregCD103-Klrg1 versus TconvLP (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TregLP versus Homeo Convert (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TregLP versus Homeo Convert (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TregLP versus DEC-Pept Convert (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TregLP versus DEC-Pept Convert (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TconvLP versus Homeo Foxp3- (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TconvLP versus Homeo Foxp3- (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TconvLP versus DEC-Pept CD25- (see Table S1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TconvLP versus DEC-Pept CD25- (see Table S1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Homeo Convert versus Homeo Foxp3- (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Homeo Convert versus Homeo Foxp3- (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of DEC-Pept Convert versus DEC-Pept CD25- (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of DEC-Pept Convert versus DEC-Pept CD25- (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TregCD103-Klrg1- versus TregCD103+Klrg1- (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TregCD103-Klrg1- versus TregCD103+Klrg1- (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TregCD103-Klrg1- versus TregCD103+Klrg1+ (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TregCD103-Klrg1- versus TregCD103+Klrg1+ (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TregCD103+Klrg1- versus TregCD103+Klrg1+ (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TregCD103+Klrg1- versus TregCD103+Klrg1+ (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TregLP versus TconvLP (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TregLP versus TconvLP (see Table 1S in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient animals.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient animals.
Genes up-regulated in comparson of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 6 h vs that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient animal subjected to ozone for 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparson of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 6 h vs that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient animal subjected to ozone for 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 24 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 24 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 48 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 48 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lung tissue from wild type mice subjected to ozone for 0 h versus that from TLR4 [GeneID=7099] deficient mice subjected to ozone for 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) treated with immunosuppressive DNA versus the untreated cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) treated with immunosuppressive DNA versus the untreated cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) treated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) DNA versus the untreated cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) treated with CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist) DNA versus the untreated cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cell (Treg) versus conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus unstimulated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus unstimulated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus unstimulated NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus unstimulated NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus unstimulated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus unstimulated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus unstimulated NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus unstimulated NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus unstimulated NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus unstimulated NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus naive B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus naive B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus naive B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus naive B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus naive B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus naive B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus memory IgG IgA B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus memory IgG IgA B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus memory IgM B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus memory IgM B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory IgG IgA B cells versus memory IgM B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory IgG IgA B cells versus memory IgM B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus blood plasma cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus blood plasma cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells  versus plasma cells from bone marrow and blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells  versus plasma cells from bone marrow and blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory IgG IgA B cells versus blood plasma cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory IgG IgA B cells versus blood plasma cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory IgG IgA B cells versus plasma cells from bone marrow and blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory IgG IgA B cells versus plasma cells from bone marrow and blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory IgM B cells versus blood plasma cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory IgM B cells versus blood plasma cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory IgM B cells versus plasma cells from bone marrow and blood.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory IgM B cells versus plasma cells from bone marrow and blood.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes cultured for 0 days versus those cultured for 1 day.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes cultured for 0 days versus those cultured for 1 day.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes cultured for 0 days versus those cultured for 7 days.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes cultured for 0 days versus those cultured for 7 days.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes cultured for 1 day versus those cultured for 7 days.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes cultured for 1 day versus those cultured for 7 days.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus dendritic cells (DC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus dendritic cells (DC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neuthrophils versus monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versusl monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus unstimulated neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus unstimulated neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus unstimulated dendritic cells (DC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus unstimulated dendritic cells (DC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus monocytes cultured for 0 days.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] CD8 T cells versus monocytes cultured for 0 days.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus unstimulated neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus unstimulated neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus unstimulated dendritic cells (DC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus unstimulated dendritic cells (DC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus day 0 monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive B cells versus day 0 monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus unstimulated neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus unstimulated neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus unstimulated dendritic cells (DC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus unstimulated dendritic cells (DC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus day 0 monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus day 0 monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus unstimulated neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus unstimulated neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus unstimulatd dendritic cells (DC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus unstimulatd dendritic cells (DC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus day 0 monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus day 0 monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th1 cells at 12 h versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th2 cells at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th1 cells at 12 h versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th2 cells at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th1 cells at 48 h versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th2 cells at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th1 cells at 48 h versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th2 cells at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells stimulated with IL2 [GeneID=3558] at 16 h versus NK cells stimulated with IL15 [GeneID=3600] at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells stimulated with IL2 [GeneID=3558] at 16 h versus NK cells stimulated with IL15 [GeneID=3600] at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) versus 1 day DC stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) versus 1 day DC stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th1 cells at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th1 cells at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th1 cells at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th1 cells at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th2 cells at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th2 cells at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th2 cells at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus stimulated CD4 [GeneID=920] Th2 cells at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated NK cells versus those stimulated with IL2 [GeneID=3558] at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated NK cells versus those stimulated with IL2 [GeneID=3558] at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated NK cells versus those stimulated with IL15 [GeneID=3600] at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated NK cells versus those stimulated with IL2 [GeneID=3600] at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Jurkat T cells stimulated in the presence of PD-1 versus controls.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Jurkat T cells stimulated in the presence of PD-1 versus controls.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells with progressing HIV infection versus those with controlled HIV infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells with progressing HIV infection versus those with controlled HIV infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of thymic progenitors versus DN2 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of thymic progenitors versus DN2 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of thymic progenitors versus DN3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of thymic progenitors versus DN3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of DN2 thymocytes versus DN3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of DN2 thymocytes versus DN3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of adult thymic progenitors versus adult DN2 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of adult thymic progenitors versus adult DN2 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of adult thymic progenitors versus adult DN3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of adult thymic progenitors versus adult DN3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in adult DN2 thymocytes versus adult DN3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in adult DN2 thymocytes versus adult DN3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of thymic progenitors versus fetal DN2 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of thymic progenitors versus fetal DN2 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of thymic progenitors versus fetal DN3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of thymic progenitors versus fetal DN3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of fetal DN2 thymocytes versus fetal DN3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of fetal DN2 thymocytes versus fetal DN3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of adult thymic progenitors versus fetal thymic progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of adult thymic progenitors versus fetal thymic progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of adult DN2 thymocytes versus fetal DN2 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of adult DN2 thymocytes versus fetal DN2 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of adult DN3 thymocytes versus fetal DN3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of adult DN3 thymocytes versus fetal DN3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive T cells at day 0 versus CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive T cells at day 0 versus CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive T cells at day 0 versus CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 5.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive T cells at day 0 versus CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 5.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive T cells at day 0 versus CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive T cells at day 0 versus CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive T cells at day 0 versus CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 10.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive T cells at day 0 versus CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 10.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3 versus CD25- T cells incubated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3 versus CD25- T cells incubated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25+ T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] versus CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 5.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25+ T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] versus CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 5.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 7 versus CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 7 versus CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 10 versus CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at 10 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 10 versus CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at 10 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25+ T effector cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 3.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25+ T effector cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 3.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD25+ T effector cells at day 5 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 5.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD25+ T effector cells at day 5 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 5.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD25+ T effector cells at day 7 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD25+ T effector cells at day 7 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD25+ T effector cells at day 10 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 10.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD25+ T effector cells at day 10 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 10.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 3.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 3 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 3.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 5 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 5.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 5 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 5.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 7 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 7 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 10 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 10.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD25- T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] at day 10 versus untreated CD25- T cells at day 10.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of fetal regulatory T cell (Treg) versus adult regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of fetal regulatory T cell (Treg) versus adult regulatory T cell (Treg).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of fetal conventional T cells versus adult conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of fetal conventional T cells versus adult conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of fetal regulatory T cell (Treg) versus fetal conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of fetal regulatory T cell (Treg) versus fetal conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of adult regulatory T cell (Treg) versus adult conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of adult regulatory T cell (Treg) versus adult conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus PD-1 high CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus PD-1 high CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus PD-1 low CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus PD-1 low CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of PD-1 high CD8 T cells versus PD-1 low CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of PD-1 high CD8 T cells versus PD-1 low CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with leukocyte costimulatory blockade antibodies.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with leukocyte costimulatory blockade antibodies.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD8 T cells versus CD8 T cells treated with leukocyte costimulatory blockade antibodies.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD8 T cells versus CD8 T cells treated with leukocyte costimulatory blockade antibodies.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus the untreated CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus the untreated CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD8 T cells treated with leukocyte costimulatory blockade antibodies.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD8 T cells treated with leukocyte costimulatory blockade antibodies.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] effector memory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] effector memory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] central memory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] central memory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CXCR5+ [GeneID=643] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CXCR5+ [GeneID=643] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] effector memory T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] central memory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] effector memory T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] central memory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] effector memory T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CXCR5+ [GeneID=643] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] effector memory T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CXCR5+ [GeneID=643] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] central memory T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CXCR5+ [GeneID=643] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] central memory T cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] CXCR5+ [GeneID=643] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with R848 for 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with R848 for 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with R848 for 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with R848 for 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of unstimulated dendritic cells (DC) at 0 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 8 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 8 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) for 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 8 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 8 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) and R848 for 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 2 h versus DCs stimulatd with R848 for 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 2 h versus DCs stimulatd with R848 for 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with R848 at 2 h versus DCs stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 8 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of LSK versus lineage negative cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of LSK versus lineage negative cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of LSK versus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of LSK versus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of LSK versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of LSK versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulatd in comparison of LSK versus CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulatd in comparison of LSK versus CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of LSK versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of LSK versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of LSK versus NKT cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of LSK versus NKT cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of LSK versus erythroblasts.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of LSK versus erythroblasts.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of LSK versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of LSK versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of LSK versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of LSK versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus NKT cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus NKT cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus erythroblasts.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus erythroblasts.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lineage negative versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus NKT cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus NKT cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NKT cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NKT cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus NKT cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus NKT cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 T cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus NKT cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus NKT cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NKT cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NKT cells versus erythroblasts.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NKT cells versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NKT cells versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NKT cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NKT cells versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of erythroblasts versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of erythroblasts versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of erythroblasts versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of erythroblasts versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus monocyte macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive follicular B cells versus early germinal center (GC) B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive follicular B cells versus early germinal center (GC) B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of follicular B cells versus late germinal center (GC) B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of follicular B cells versus late germinal center (GC) B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of early germinal center (GC) B cells versus late GC B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of early germinal center (GC) B cells versus late GC B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of primary splenic B cells from wild type mice versus those from Xid mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of primary splenic B cells from wild type mice versus those from Xid mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of primary splenic B cells from wild type mice versus those from BTK [GeneID=695] knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of primary splenic B cells from wild type mice versus those from BTK [GeneID=695] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of primary splenic B cells from Xid mice versus those from BTK [GeneID=695] knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of primary splenic B cells from Xid mice versus those from BTK [GeneID=695] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus that after the vaccination
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus that after the vaccination
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those from day 3 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those from day 3 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those from day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those from day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 3 post-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 3 post-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LAIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 3 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LAIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 3 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LAIV influenza vaccine pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LAIV influenza vaccine pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 3 post-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 3 post-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee before vaccination versus that after the vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee before vaccination versus that after the vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 3 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 3 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 3 post-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 3 post-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) .
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) .
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus myeloid dendritic cells (mDC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus myeloid dendritic cells (mDC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes versus plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes versus plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes versus myeloid dendritic cells (mDC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes versus myeloid dendritic cells (mDC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) versus myeloid DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) versus myeloid DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells from influenza vaccinee at day 7 versus monocytes from influenza vaccinee at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells from influenza vaccinee at day 7 versus monocytes from influenza vaccinee at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDC) at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDC) at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus myeloid dendritic cells at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus myeloid dendritic cells at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus myeloid DCs at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) from influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus myeloid DCs at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells from influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells from influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes from influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes from influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) from influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) from influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) from influenza vaccinee at day 0 versus myeloid DCs at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) from influenza vaccinee at day 0 versus myeloid DCs at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells from LAIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells from LAIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes from LAIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes from LAIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination
Genes up-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) from influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) from influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) from LAIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) from LAIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) from TIV influenza vaccinee pre-vaccination versus those at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus those from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination versus those from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination vesus those from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination vesus those from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination vesus those from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination vesus those from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of myeloid dendritic cells from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination vesus those from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of myeloid dendritic cells from LAIV influenza vaccinee at day 7 post-vaccination vesus those from TIV influenza vaccinee at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of SP1 thymocytes versus SP2 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of SP1 thymocytes versus SP2 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of SP1 thymocytes versus SP3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of SP1 thymocytes versus SP3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of SP1 thymocytes versus SP4 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of SP1 thymocytes versus SP4 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of SP2 thymocytes versus SP3 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of SP2 thymocytes versus SP3 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of SP2 thymocytes versus SP4 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of SP2 thymocytes versus SP4 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of SP3 thymocytes versus SP4 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of SP3 thymocytes versus SP4 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection versus splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection versus splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-chronic infection versus splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-chronic infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-chronic infection versus splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-chronic infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection versus splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-chronic infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection versus splenic primary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-chronic infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection versus splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-chronic infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-acute infection versus splenic secondary CD8 effector T cells at day 8 post-chronic infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes versus CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes versus CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes versus CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes versus CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes versus CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4+ [GeneID=920] CD8- thymocytes versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8+ thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus naive CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus naive CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus naive CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus naive CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus naive CD8 T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus naive CD8 T cells treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus those  treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus those  treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus those  treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus those  treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus those  treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells versus those  treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus those treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus those treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus those treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus those treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus those treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus those treated with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and IL7 [GeneID=3574].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD8+ dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those treated with IFNG [GeneID=3458] at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD8+ dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those treated with IFNG [GeneID=3458] at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD8+ dendritic cells (DC) at 16 h versus those treated with IFNG [GeneID=31658] at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD8+ dendritic cells (DC) at 16 h versus those treated with IFNG [GeneID=31658] at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD8+ dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those treated with IFNG [GeneID=3458] at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD8+ dendritic cells (DC) at 4 h versus those treated with IFNG [GeneID=3458] at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TCF7 [GeneID=6932] deficient early thymic progenitors versus the TCF7 [GeneID=6932] sufficient ones.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TCF7 [GeneID=6932] deficient early thymic progenitors versus the TCF7 [GeneID=6932] sufficient ones.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus CD8 DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus CD8 DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus CD8 DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus CD8 DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD8 dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD8 dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of ex vivo CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus cultured CD4 [GeneID=920] DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of ex vivo CD4 [GeneID=920] dendritic cells (DC) versus cultured CD4 [GeneID=920] DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of ex vivo CD8 dendritic cells versus cultured CD8 DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of ex vivo CD8 dendritic cells versus cultured CD8 DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of ex vivo CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- dendritic cells (DC) versus cultured CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of ex vivo CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- dendritic cells (DC) versus cultured CD4- [GeneID=920] CD8- DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from infanct with acute RSV infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from infanct with acute RSV infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from infanct with acute influenza infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from infanct with acute influenza infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from infancts with acute RSV infection versus PBMCs from infants with acute influenza infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from infancts with acute RSV infection versus PBMCs from infants with acute influenza infection.
Genes up-regulated in untreated dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to parasite L. donovani.
Genes down-regulated in untreated dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to parasite L. donovani.
Genes up-regulated in untreated dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to parasite L. major.
Genes down-regulated in untreated dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to parasite L. major.
Genes up-regulated in untreated dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
Genes down-regulated in untreated dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to B. malayi (50 worms/well).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to B. malayi (50 worms/well).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to B. malayi (5 worms/well).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to B. malayi (5 worms/well).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to M.tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs exposed to M.tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to L.donovani.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to L.donovani.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to L. major.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to L. major.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to T. gondii.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to T. gondii.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to B. malayi (50 worms/well).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to B. malayi (50 worms/well).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to B. malayi (5 worms/well).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to B. malayi (5 worms/well).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus untreated macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus untreated macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to L. donovani.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to L. donovani.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to L. major.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to L. major.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. gondii versus macrophages exposed to T. gondii.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. gondii versus macrophages exposed to T. gondii.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 50 worm/well B. malayi versus macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 50 worm/well B. malayi versus macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 5 worm/well B. malayi versus macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 5 worm/well B. malayi versus macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to M. tuberculosis versus macrophages exposed to L. major.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to M. tuberculosis versus macrophages exposed to L. major.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to L. major.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to L. major.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to T. gondii.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to T. gondii.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to 50 worm/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to 50 worm/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to 5 worm/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to 5 worm/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. donovani versus DCs exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. major versus DCs exposed to T. gondii.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. major versus DCs exposed to T. gondii.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. major versus DCs exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. major versus DCs exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. major versus DCs exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. major versus DCs exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. major versus DCs exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to L. major versus DCs exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. gondii versus DCs exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. gondii versus DCs exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. gondii versus DCs exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. gondii versus DCs exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. gondii versus DCs exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. gondii versus DCs exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi versus those exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi versus those exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi versus DC exposed to M. tuberculosis
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi versus DC exposed to M. tuberculosis
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi versus DC exposed to M. tuberculosis
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi versus DC exposed to M. tuberculosis
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to L. major.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to L. major.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to T. gondii.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to T. gondii.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. donovani versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to T. gondii.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to T. gondii.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to L. major versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to T. gondii versus  macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to T. gondii versus  macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to T. gondii versus macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to T. gondii versus macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to T. gondii versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to T. gondii versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi versus those exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi versus those exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to 50 worms/well B. malayi versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages exposed to 5 worms/well B. malayi versus macrophages exposed to M. tuberculosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of type 2 myeloid (T2M) cells treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus eosinophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of type 2 myeloid (T2M) cells treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus eosinophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of type 2 myeloid (T2M) cells treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus macrophages treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of type 2 myeloid (T2M) cells treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus macrophages treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of type 2 myeloid (T2M) cells treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus neutrophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of type 2 myeloid (T2M) cells treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus neutrophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus macrophages treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus macrophages treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus neutrophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus neutrophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus neutrophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806] versus neutrophils treated with IL25 [GeneID=64806].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from young donors versus those treated with TSST at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from young donors versus those treated with TSST at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from young donors versus those treated with TSST at 40 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from young donors versus those treated with TSST at 40 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from young donors versus those treated with TSST at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from young donors versus those treated with TSST at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from old donors versus those treated with TSST at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from old donors versus those treated with TSST at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from old donors versus those treated with TSST at 40 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from old donors versus those treated with TSST at 40 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from old donors versus those treated with TSST at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] memory T cells from old donors versus those treated with TSST at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from young donors versus those from old donors.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from young donors versus those from old donors.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from young donors treated with TSST at 16 h versus those from old donors treated with TSST at 16 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from young donors treated with TSST at 16 h versus those from old donors treated with TSST at 16 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from young donors treated with TSST at 40 h versus those from old donors treated with TSST at 40 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from young donors treated with TSST at 40 h versus those from old donors treated with TSST at 40 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from young donors treated with TSST at 72 h versus those from old donors treated with TSST at 72 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from young donors treated with TSST at 72 h versus those from old donors treated with TSST at 72 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 0 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 0 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 3 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 3 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 3 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 3 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 6 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 6 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 12 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 12 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 24 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 24 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 48 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 48 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 3 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 3 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 6 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 6 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 12 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 12 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 0 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 12 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 24 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 12 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 24 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 12 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 12 h versus PMN treated with F. tularensis vaccine at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated eosinophils versus eosinophils treated with PMA [PubChem=4792] at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated eosinophils versus eosinophils treated with PMA [PubChem=4792] at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated mast cells versus mast cells treated with IgE at 2 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated mast cells versus mast cells treated with IgE at 2 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus macrophages treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus macrophages treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated neutrophils versus neutrophils treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated neutrophils versus neutrophils treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 48 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated dendritic cells (DC) versus DCs treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 48 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulatd with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 48 h versus macrophages stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulatd with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 48 h versus macrophages stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 48 h versus neutrophils stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 48 h versus neutrophils stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus neutrophils stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus neutrophils stimulated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus mast cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus mast cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus dendritic cells (DC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus dendritic cells (DC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus basophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus basophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of eosinophils versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus dendritic cells (DC).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus dendritic cells (DC).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus basophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus basophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of mast cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus basophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus basophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of dendritic cells (DC) versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus neutrophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus neutrophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus basophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus basophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of macrophages versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus B cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus B cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus basophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus basophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of neutrophils versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus basophils.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus basophils.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of B cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of B cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of basophils versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of basophils versus effector memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of basophils versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of basophils versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of basophils versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of basophils versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of basophils versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of basophils versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of basophils versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of basophils versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effective memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effective memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effective memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effective memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effective memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effective memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effective memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effective memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of central memory CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus Th1 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus Th2 cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with IL1B [GeneID=3553] and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with IL1B [GeneID=3553] and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated witl IL1B [GeneID=3553],  IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with IL1B [GeneID=3553],  IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040], IL6 [GeneID=3569]  and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040], IL6 [GeneID=3569]  and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043] IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043] IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043], IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL32A [GeneID=51561].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043], IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL32A [GeneID=51561].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL1B [GeneID=3553] and IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus those treated with IL1B [GeneID=3553], IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL1B [GeneID=3553] and IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus those treated with IL1B [GeneID=3553], IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus those treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040], IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus those treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040], IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043] and IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus those treated with TGF3B [GeneID=7043], IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043] and IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus those treated with TGF3B [GeneID=7043], IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] versus those treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043] and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] versus those treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043] and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] versus those treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043] treated with IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] versus those treated with TGFB3 [GeneID=7043] treated with IL6 [GeneID=3569] and IL23A [GeneID=51561].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control thymocytes versus thymocytes treated with dexamethasone [PubChem=5743].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control thymocytes versus thymocytes treated with dexamethasone [PubChem=5743].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of anergy induced CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus conventional CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of anergy induced CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus conventional CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMC from patients with acute influenza infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMC from patients with acute influenza infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMC from patients with acute E. coli infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMC from patients with acute E. coli infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMC from patients with acute S. aureus infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMC from patients with acute S. aureus infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMC from patients with acute S. pneumoniae infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMC from patients with acute S. pneumoniae infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute influenza infection versus PBMC from patients with acute E. coli infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute influenza infection versus PBMC from patients with acute E. coli infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute influenza infection versus PBMC from patients with acute S. aureus infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute influenza infection versus PBMC from patients with acute S. aureus infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute influenza infection versus PBMC from patients with acute S. pneumoniae infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute influenza infection versus PBMC from patients with acute S. pneumoniae infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute E. coli infection versus PBMC from patients with acute S. aureus infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute E. coli infection versus PBMC from patients with acute S. aureus infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute E. coli infection versus PBMC from patients with acute S. pneumoniae infection.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute E. coli infection versus PBMC from patients with acute S. pneumoniae infection.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute infection: S. aureus versus S. pneumoniae.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute infection: S. aureus versus S. pneumoniae.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] cells stimulated with strong dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells stimulated with weak DCs.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] cells stimulated with strong dendritic cells (DC) versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells stimulated with weak DCs.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMCs treated with CSF3 [GeneID=1440].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus PBMCs treated with CSF3 [GeneID=1440].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TconvLN versus TregLN (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TconvLN versus TregLN (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of TconvThy versus TregThy (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of TconvThy versus TregThy (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of ActCD8 versus ActCD8TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of ActCD8 versus ActCD8TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of ActTreg versus ActTregTGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of ActTreg versus ActTregTGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of ActCD8 versus ActTreg (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of ActCD8 versus ActTreg(see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of ActCD8 versus ActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of ActCD8 versus ActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of ActTreg versus ActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of ActTreg versus ActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of ActTregTGF versus ActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of ActTregTGF versus ActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of ActCD4 versus ActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of ActCD4 versus ActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of WTActCD4 versus WTActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of WTActCD4 versus WTActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of sfActCD4 versus sfActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of sfActCD4 versus sfActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of sfActCD4 versus ActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of sfActCD4 versus ActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of sfActCD4TGF versus ActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of sfActCD4TGF versus ActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparsion of sfActCD4 versus WTActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparsion of sfActCD4 versus WTActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of ActCD4 versus WTActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of ActCD4 versus WTActCD4 (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of ActCD4TGF versus WTActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of ActCD4TGF versus WTActCD4TGF (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of Ctrlrv versus Foxp3rv (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of Ctrlrv versus Foxp3rv (see Fig. 1 in the paper for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of CTRLrv versus FOXP3rv (see Fig. 1 for details).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of CTRLrv versus FOXP3rv (see Fig. 1 for details).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus total splenocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells versus total splenocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells treated with IL15 [GeneID=3567] versus untreated NK cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells treated with IL15 [GeneID=3567] versus untreated NK cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of NK cells treated with IL15 [GeneID=3567] versus total splenocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of NK cells treated with IL15 [GeneID=3567] versus total splenocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lymph node regulatory T cells versus lymph node conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lymph node regulatory T cells versus lymph node conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of thymus regulatory T cells versus thymus conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of thymus regulatory T cells versus thymus conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of fat tissue regulatory T cells versus fat tissue conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of fat tissue regulatory T cells versus fat tissue conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lymph node regulatory T cells versus thymus regulatory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lymph node regulatory T cells versus thymus regulatory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lymph node regulatory T cells versus fat tissue regulatory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lymph node regulatory T cells versus fat tissue regulatory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of thymus regulatory T cells versus fat tissue regulatory T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of thymus regulatory T cells versus fat tissue regulatory T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lymph node conventional T cells versus thymus conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lymph node conventional T cells versus thymus conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of lymph node conventional T cells versus fat tissue conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of lymph node conventional T cells versus fat tissue conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of thymus conventional T cells versus fat tissue conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of thymus conventional T cells versus fat tissue conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cells versus conventional T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of regulatory T cells versus conventional T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of control RAW264.7 cells (macrophages) versus those infected with B. abortus.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of control RAW264.7 cells (macrophages) versus those infected with B. abortus.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those treated with IL1.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those treated with IL1.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those treated with IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those treated with IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those treated with IL1 and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages versus those treated with IL1 and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in IL7R [GeneID=3575] low effector CD8 T cells versus IL7R [GeneID=3575] high effector CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in IL7R [GeneID=3575] low effector CD8 T cells versus IL7R [GeneID=3575] high effector CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells (DC) from spleen versus those from intestine.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells (DC) from spleen versus those from intestine.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 1 diabetes at 1 month after the diagnosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 1 diabetes at 1 month after the diagnosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 1 diabetes at 4  month after the diagnosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 1 diabetes at 4  month after the diagnosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of diagnosis.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of diagnosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of the diagnosis versus those at 1 month later.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of the diagnosis versus those at 1 month later.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of the diagnosis versus those at 4 months later.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of the diagnosis versus those at 4 months later.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with type 1 diabetes at 1 month after the diagnosis versus those at 4 months later.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with type 1 diabetes at 1 month after the diagnosis versus those at 4 months later.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis versus those with type 2 diabetes at the time of diagnosis.
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis versus those with type 2 diabetes at the time of diagnosis.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages at 4 h versus those treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages at 4 h versus those treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages at 4 h versus those treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages at 4 h versus those treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice  at 4 h versus those treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice  at 4 h versus those treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice  at 4 h versus those treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated macrophages from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice  at 4 h versus those treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated wild type macrophages at 4 h versus those from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated wild type macrophages at 4 h versus those from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of untreated wild type macrophages at 1 h versus those from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of untreated wild type macrophages at 1 h versus those from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 1 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of wild type macrophage treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus those from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of wild type macrophage treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h versus those from IRAK4 [GeneID=51135] deficient mice treated with LPS (TLR4 agonist) at 4 h.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus effector CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus exhausted CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus exhausted CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 T cells versus exhausted CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 T cells versus exhausted CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of effector CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of exhausted CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of exhausted CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of virus specific (gp33) exhausted CD8 T cells versus the virus specific (gp276) cells.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of virus specific (gp33) exhausted CD8 T cells versus the virus specific (gp276) cells.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus monocytes treated with 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus monocytes treated with 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] and 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] and 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus monocytes treated with control IgG.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus monocytes treated with control IgG.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus untreated monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] versus untreated monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus those treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus those treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210].
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210].
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with control IgG.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with control IgG.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus untreated monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus untreated monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] and 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] and 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist).
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with control IgG.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with control IgG.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus untreated monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with 1 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus untreated monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] and 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with control IgG.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] and 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus monocytes treated with control IgG.
Genes up-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] and 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus untreated monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in comparison of monocytes treated with anti-TREM1 [GeneID=54210] and 5000 ng/ml LPS (TLR4 agonist) versus untreated monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in livers: SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in livers: SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in livers injected with IL6 [GeneID=3569]: SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in livers injected with IL6 [GeneID=3569]: SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in liver: IFNG [GeneID=3458] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in liver: IFNG [GeneID=3458] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in liver from SOC3 [GeneID=9021] knockout: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] injection.
Genes down-regulated in liver from SOC3 [GeneID=9021] knockout: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] injection.
Genes up-regulated in liver from SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] knockout: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] injection.
Genes down-regulated in liver from SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] knockout: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] injection.
Genes up-regulated in liver with knockouts of: SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in liver: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] injection.
Genes down-regulated in liver: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] injection.
Genes down-regulated in liver with knockouts of: SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages treated by IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 400min: wildtype versus SOCS3 [GeneID=9021].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 100min.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 100min.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: wildtype versus SOCS3 [GeneID=9021].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: wildtype versus SOCS3 [GeneID=9021].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages treated by IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 100min: wildtype versus SOCS3 [GeneID=9021].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages treated by IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 100min: wildtype versus SOCS3 [GeneID=9021].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages treated by IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 400min: wildtype versus SOCS3 [GeneID=9021].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] knockout treated by IL6 [GeneID=3569]: 100min versus 400min.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 400min.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages treated by IL6 [GeneID=3569]: 100min versus 400min.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages treated by IL6 [GeneID=3569]: 100min versus 400min.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 400min.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with SOCS3 [GeneID=9021]: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 100min.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with SOCS3 [GeneID=9021]: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 400min.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with SOCS3 [GeneID=9021]: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 400min.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with SOCS3 [GeneID=9021]: untreated versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] for 100min.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with SOCS3 [GeneID=9021] knockout treated by IL6 [GeneID=3569]: 100min versus 400min.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: wildtype versus CIITA [GeneID=4261] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: wildtype versus CIITA [GeneID=4261] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: wildtype versus I ab-/- mice.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: wildtype versus I ab-/- mice.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: CIITA [GeneID=4261] knockout versus I ab-/- mice.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: CIITA [GeneID=4261] knockout versus I ab-/- mice.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (48h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (48h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (48h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (48h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (48h) versus untreated (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (48h) versus untreated (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (48h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (48h) versus untreated (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h) versus untreated (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h) versus untreated (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL-12 (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL-12 (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL-12 (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (6h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (6h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (6h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (6h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (6h) versus untreated (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (6h) versus untreated (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (6h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (6h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (6h) versus untreated (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (6h) versus untreated (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h) versus IL-12 (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h) versus IL-12 (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h) versus untreated (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (2h) versus untreated (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (2h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (2h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (2h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (2h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL-12 (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL-12 (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: untreated (0h) versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then stimulated by IL-12 (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h) versus untreated (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h) versus untreated (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h) versus IL-12 (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h) versus IL-12 (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7050] and IL-12 (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID=7050] and IL-12 (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h) versus untreated (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (6h) versus untreated (6h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h) versus IL-12 (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID-7040] and IL-12 (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h) versus TGFB1 [GeneID-7040] and IL-12 (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h) versus untreated (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h) versus untreated (48h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h) versus untreated (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 and IL4 [GeneID=7040;3565] (48h) versus IL-12 (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL4 [GeneID=3565] (6h) versus untreated (6h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h) versus untreated (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h) versus untreated (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (2h) versus untreated (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (2h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (2h).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (48h) versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] (48h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: IL-12 (2h) versus untreated (2h).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28: TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] and IL-12 (48h) versus untreated (48h).
Genes up-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): untreated versus interferon beta.
Genes down-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): untreated versus interferon beta.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 alphabeta HY thymocyte RTOC culture versus CD8 alphaalpha HY thymocyte RTOC culture.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 alphabeta OT1 thymocyte RTOC culture versus CD8 alphabeta HY thymocyte RTOC culture.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 alphabeta OT1 thymocyte RTOC culture versus CD8 alphaalpha HY thymocyte RTOC culture.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 alphabeta OT1 thymocyte RTOC culture versus CD8 alphaalpha HY thymocyte RTOC culture.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 alphabeta HY thymocyte RTOC culture versus CD8 alphaalpha HY thymocyte RTOC culture.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 alphabeta OT1 thymocyte RTOC culture versus CD8 alphabeta HY thymocyte RTOC culture.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages: no priming, stimulated by interferon alpha versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458] and then stimulated by interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages: untreated versus stimulated by interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages: untreated versus stimulated by interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages: no priming versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages: no priming versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages: no priming, stimulated by interferon alpha versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458] and then stimulated by interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in D10.G4.1 T cell line (3h): control versus treated with NMU [GeneID=10874].
Genes down-regulated in D10.G4.1 T cell line (0.8h): control versus treated with NMU [GeneID=10874].
Genes up-regulated in D10.G4.1 T cell line (0.8h): control versus treated with NMU [GeneID=10874].
Genes up-regulated in D10.G4.1 T cell line (6h): control versus treated with NMU [GeneID=10874].
Genes up-regulated in D10.G4.1 T cell line (3h): control versus treated with NMU [GeneID=10874].
Genes up-regulated in D10.G4.1 T cell line (12h): control versus treated with NMU [GeneID=10874].
Genes down-regulated in D10.G4.1 T cell line (12h): control versus treated with NMU [GeneID=10874].
Genes down-regulated in D10.G4.1 T cell line (6h): control versus treated with NMU [GeneID=10874].
Genes down-regulated in NOD CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with no peptide 0h versus NOD CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with mimetope negative sel 16h.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes from: B6 versus NOD mice.
Genes up-regulated in C57BL6 CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with no peptide 0h versus C57BL6 CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with mimetope negative sel 16h.
Genes down-regulated in C57BL6 CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with mimetope negative sel 16h versus NOD CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with mimetope negative sel 16h.
Genes up-regulated in C57BL6 CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with no peptide 0h versus NOD CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with no peptide 0h.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes from: B6 versus NOD mice.
Genes down-regulated in C57BL6 CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with no peptide 0h versus C57BL6 CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with mimetope negative sel 16h.
Genes up-regulated in NOD CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with no peptide 0h versus NOD CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with mimetope negative sel 16h.
Genes down-regulated in C57BL6 CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with no peptide 0h versus NOD CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with no peptide 0h.
Genes up-regulated in C57BL6 CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with mimetope negative sel 16h versus NOD CD4 CD8 double positive thymocyte transgenic for the BDC2.5 TCR incubated with mimetope negative sel 16h.
Genes down-regulated in mesenteric lymph nodes: control versus 1 day after injection with soluble form of LTB [GeneID=4050].
Genes up-regulated in mesenteric lymph nodes: control versus 1 day after injection with soluble form of LTB [GeneID=4050].
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (9h): S. aureus infection versus control.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (24h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (9h) infection by A. phagocytophilum: heat killed versus live bacteria.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (9h) infection by A. phagocytophilum: heat killed versus live bacteria.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (12h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (9h): treated by heat killed HC60 cell (promyelocytic leukemia) lysate versus A. phagocytophilum infection.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (9h): treated by heat killed HC60 cell (promyelocytic leukemia) lysate versus A. phagocytophilum infection.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (24h): treated by heat killed HC60 cell (promyelocytic leukemia) lysate versus A. phagocytophilum infection.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (24h): treated by heat killed HC60 cell (promyelocytic leukemia) lysate versus A. phagocytophilum infection.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (9h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (12h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (24h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (9h): S. aureus infection versus control.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes 9h after infection by: S. aureus versus A. phagocytophilum.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes 9h after infection by: S. aureus versus A. phagocytophilum.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1.5h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1.5h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (3h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (3h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (6h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (6h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (9h): control versus infection by A. phagocytophilum.
Genes up-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (24h) infection by A. phagocytophilum: heat killed versus live bacteria.
Genes down-regulated in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (24h) infection by A. phagocytophilum: heat killed versus live bacteria.
Genes up-regulated in lymph node T cells: wildtype versus EZH2 [GeneID=2146] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in lymph node T cells: wildtype versus EZH2 [GeneID=2146] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in thymocytes: double negative versus double positive.
Genes up-regulated in thymocytes: double positive versus CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive.
Genes down-regulated in double negative thymocyte versus immature CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive cells.
Genes down-regulated in thymocytes: double negative versus CD8 single positive.
Genes up-regulated in immature CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive cells versus double positive thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in double negative thymocyte versus immature CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive cells.
Genes up-regulated in thymocytes: double negative versus CD8 single positive.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive cells: immature versus thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in single positive cells: immature CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8 thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in single positive cells: immature CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8 thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in thymocytes: double negative versus CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive.
Genes down-regulated in thymocytes: double negative versus CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive.
Genes up-regulated in single positive thymocytes: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8.
Genes down-regulated in thymocytes: double negative versus double positive.
Genes down-regulated in immature CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive cells versus double positive thymocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive cells: immature versus thymocytes.
Genes down-regulated in thymocytes: double positive versus CD8 single positive.
Genes down-regulated in single positive thymocytes: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8.
Genes down-regulated in thymocytes: double positive versus CD4 [GeneID=920] single positive.
Genes up-regulated in thymocytes: double positive versus CD8 single positive.
Genes up-regulated in T cells: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8.
Genes down-regulated in T cells: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8.
Genes up-regulated in T cells from CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) patients: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8.
Genes down-regulated in T cells from CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) patients: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: healthy versus CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)l.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: healthy versus CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)l.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: healthy versus CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia).
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: healthy versus CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia).
Genes down-regulated in cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTEC) versus thymic macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in thymic epithelial cells: cortical (cTEC) versus medullary (mTEC).
Genes up-regulated in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) with CD80 [GeneID=941] high: AIRE [GeneID=326] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTEC) versus thymic macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) with AIRE [GeneID=326] knockout: CD80 [GeneID=941] high versus low.
Genes down-regulated in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) with CD80 [GeneID=941] low: AIRE [GeneID=326] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTEC) versus thymic dendritic cells.
Genes down-regulated in cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTEC) versus thymic dendritic cells.
Genes down-regulated in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) with CD80 [GeneID=941] high: AIRE [GeneID=326] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in thymic epithelial cells: cortical (cTEC) versus medullary (mTEC).
Genes down-regulated in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) with AIRE [GeneID=326] knockout: CD80 [GeneID=941] high versus low.
Genes up-regulated in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC): CD80 [GeneID=941] high versus low.
Genes down-regulated in thymic: dendritic cells versus macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) with CD80 [GeneID=941] low: AIRE [GeneID=326] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in thymic macrophages versus medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC).
Genes down-regulated in thymic macrophages versus medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC).
Genes down-regulated in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC): CD80 [GeneID=941] high versus low.
Genes down-regulated in thymic dendritic cells versus medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC).
Genes up-regulated in thymic: dendritic cells versus macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in thymic dendritic cells versus medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC).
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 3h.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: 3h versus 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: 3h versus 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 24h.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: untreated versus stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 3h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 3h: control versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 3h: control versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: untreated versus stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages primed and then stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: 3h versus 24h.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages primed and then stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: 3h versus 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 3h.
Genes up-regulated in control macrophages: untreated versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 24h: control versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 24h: control versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: untreated versus stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 3h.
Genes down-regulated in control macrophages: untreated versus primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages primed by IFNG [GeneID=3458]: untreated versus stimulated by IFNG [GeneID=3458] for 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: control versus Sendai virus infection.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: control versus Sendai virus infection.
Genes down-regulated in spleen from DUSP1 [GeneID=1843] knockout: control versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in spleen from DUSP1 [GeneID=1843] knockout: control versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in untreated spleen: DUSP1 [GeneID=1843] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in spleen from wildtype mice: control versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in spleen from wildtype mice: control versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in untreated spleen: DUSP1 [GeneID=1843] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in spleen from mice injected with LPS: DUSP1 [GeneID=1843] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in spleen from mice injected with LPS: DUSP1 [GeneID=1843] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in Vd2 gamma delta T cells: untreated versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in Vd2 gamma delta T cells: untreated versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in Vd2 gamma delta T cells: untreated versus phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733].
Genes down-regulated in Vd1 gamma delta T cells: untreated versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in Vd1 gamma delta T cells: untreated versus phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733].
Genes down-regulated in Vd1 gamma delta T cells: untreated versus phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733].
Genes down-regulated in Vd1 gamma delta T cells: LPS versus phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733].
Genes up-regulated in Vd2 gamma delta T cells: LPS versus phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733].
Genes down-regulated in Vd2 gamma delta T cells: LPS versus phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733].
Genes up-regulated in Vd1 gamma delta T cells: LPS versus phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733].
Genes down-regulated in Vd2 gamma delta T cells: untreated versus phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733].
Genes up-regulated in gamma delta T cells stimulated by LPS: Vd1 versus Vd2.
Genes down-regulated in gamma delta T cells stimulated by LPS: Vd1 versus Vd2.
Genes up-regulated in gamma delta T cells stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733]: Vd1 versus Vd2.
Genes up-regulated in Vd1 gamma delta T cells: untreated versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in gamma delta T cells: Vd1 versus Vd2.
Genes down-regulated in gamma delta T cells stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733]: Vd1 versus Vd2.
Genes up-regulated in gamma delta T cells: Vd1 versus Vd2.
Genes up-regulated in dendiritic cells from speen: interferon producing killer cells versus conventional.
Genes down-regulated in dendiritic cells from speen: interferon producing killer cells versus plasmacytoid.
Genes down-regulated in dendiritic cells from speen: interferon producing killer cells versus conventional.
Genes up-regulated in dendiritic cells from speen: interferon producing killer cells versus plasmacytoid.
Genes down-regulated in dendiritic cells from speen: conventional versus plasmacytoid.
Genes up-regulated in dendiritic cells from speen: conventional versus plasmacytoid.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived mast cells: wildtype versus ADCYAP1R1 [GeneID=117] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived mast cells: wildtype versus ADCYAP1R1 [GeneID=117] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in na������ve B lymphocytes versus plasma cells.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus germinal center.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus germinal center.
Genes up-regulated in na������ve B lymphocytes versus plasma cells.
Genes down-regulated in plasma cells versus germinal center B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus memory.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus memory.
Genes up-regulated in plasma cells versus germinal center B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: germinal center versus memory.
Genes up-regulated in plasma cells versus memory B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in plasma cells versus memory B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: germinal center versus memory.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide (3h).
Genes down-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide (3h).
Genes up-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide (6h).
Genes down-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide (6h).
Genes up-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide (12h).
Genes down-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide (12h).
Genes up-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide (24h).
Genes down-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide (24h).
Genes up-regulated in monocytes (3h): untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes (3h): untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes (6h): untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes (6h): untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes (12h): untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes (12h): untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes (24h): untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes (24h): untreated versus M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes in response to M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide: 3h versus 24h.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes in response to M. tuberculosis 19 kDa lipopeptide: 3h versus 24h.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NKT cells.
Genes up-regulated in NKT cell versus CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in NKT cell versus CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus NKT cells.
Genes up-regulated in NKT cells versus B1 B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in NKT cells versus B1 B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in NKT cells versus B2 B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in NKT cells versus B2 B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD8A [GeneID=925] T cells versus B2 B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in CD8A [GeneID=925] T cells versus B2 B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD8A [GeneID=925] T cells versus B1 B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in CD8A [GeneID=925] T cells versus B1 B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926] versus B2 B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926] versus B2 B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926] versus B1 B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926] versus B1 B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: B2 versus B1.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: B2 versus B1.
Genes up-regulated in T cells: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8A [GeneID=925].
Genes down-regulated in T cells: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8A [GeneID=925].
Genes up-regulated in T cells: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926].
Genes down-regulated in T cells: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus B2 B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus B2 B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus B1 B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus B1 B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in NKT cells versus CD8A [GeneID=925] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in NKT cells versus CD8A [GeneID=925] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in T cells: CD8A [GeneID=925] versus CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926].
Genes up-regulated in T cells: CD8A [GeneID=925] versus CD8A CD8B [GeneID=925;926].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h).
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h).
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus LPS (3h).
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus LPS (3h).
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus LPS and LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h).
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus LPS and LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h).
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (1h).
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (1h).
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h) versus LPS and LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h).
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h) versus LPS and LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h).
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LPS (3h) versus LPS and LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h).
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LPS (3h) versus LPS and LPS like antigen from O. planktothrix (3h).
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: control versus treated with LGALS1 [GeneID=3956].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: control versus treated with LGALS1 [GeneID=3956].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: control versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: control versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus vehicle.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus vehicle.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LGALS1 [GeneID=3956] versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LGALS1 [GeneID=3956] versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LGALS1 [GeneID=3956] versus vehicle.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LGALS1 [GeneID=3956] versus vehicle.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LPS versus vehicle.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LPS versus vehicle.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): untreated versus interferon alpha and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): untreated versus interferon alpha and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): untreated versus interferon alpha and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): untreated versus interferon alpha and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus IFNG [GeneID=3458] and interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus IFNG [GeneID=3458] and interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus IFNG [GeneID=3458] and interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus IFNG [GeneID=3458] and interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): interferon alpha versus interferon alpha and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): interferon alpha versus interferon alpha and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): interferon alpha versus interferon alpha and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): interferon alpha versus interferon alpha and IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (6h): IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in epithelial cells (24h): IFNG [GeneID=3458] versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in activated macrophages: classically (M1) versus alternative (M2).
Genes down-regulated in activated macrophages: classically (M1) versus alternative (M2).
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: control versus over-expressing TERT [GeneID=7015].
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: control versus over-expressing TERT [GeneID=7015].
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: early passage clone over-expressing TERT [GeneID=7015] versus late passage control.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: early passage clone over-expressing TERT [GeneID=7015] versus late passage control.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus rosiglitazone [PubChem=77999].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus rosiglitazone [PubChem=77999].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus AM580 [PubChem=2126].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus AM580 [PubChem=2126].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus rosiglitazone and AM580 [PubChem=77999;2126].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: untreated versus rosiglitazone and AM580 [PubChem=77999;2126].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: rosiglitazone [PubChem=77999] versus AM580 [PubChem=2126].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: rosiglitazone [PubChem=77999] versus AM580 [PubChem=2126].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: rosiglitazone [PubChem=77999] versus rosiglitazone and AM580 [PubChem=77999;2126].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: rosiglitazone [PubChem=77999] versus rosiglitazone and AM580 [PubChem=77999;2126].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: AM580 [PubChem=2126] versus rosiglitazone and AM580 [PubChem=77999;2126].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: AM580 [PubChem=2126] versus rosiglitazone and AM580 [PubChem=77999;2126].
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: bone marrow-derived versus follicular.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: bone marrow-derived versus follicular.
Genes up-regulated in ITGAM+ [GeneID=3684] cells from spleen: healthy versus tumor bearing mice.
Genes down-regulated in ITGAM+ [GeneID=3684] cells from spleen: healthy versus tumor bearing mice.
Genes up-regulated in ITGAM+ [GeneID=3684] cells (incubated for 24h in complete medium) from spleen: healthy versus tumor bearing mice.
Genes down-regulated in ITGAM+ [GeneID=3684] cells (incubated for 24h in complete medium) from spleen: healthy versus tumor bearing mice.
Genes up-regulated in ITGAM+ [GeneID=3684] cells from spleens of tumor bearing mice: processed immediately versus those incubated for 24h in complete medium.
Genes down-regulated in ITGAM+ [GeneID=3684] cells from spleens of tumor bearing mice: processed immediately versus those incubated for 24h in complete medium.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus CSF1 [GeneID=1435].
Genes down-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus CSF1 [GeneID=1435] knockout at day 3.
Genes up-regulated in unstimulated monocytes versus macrophages incubated with CSF1 [GeneID=435] at day 7.
Genes down-regulated in unstimulated monocytes versus macrophages incubated with CSF1 [GeneID=435] at day 7.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes versus classically activated (M1) macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes versus classically activated (M1) macrophages.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes versus alternatively activated (M2) macrophages.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes versus alternatively activated (M2) macrophages.
Genes up-regulated upon CSF1 [GeneID=1435] treatment: monocytes (3 days) versus macrophages (7 days).
Genes down-regulated upon CSF1 [GeneID=1435] treatment: monocytes (3 days) versus macrophages (7 days).
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: classical (M1) versus alternative (M2).
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: classical (M1) versus alternative (M2).
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus LPS (45 min).
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus LPS (45 min).
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus LPS (180 min).
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus LPS (180 min).
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS (45 min).
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS (45 min).
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS (180 min).
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS (180 min).
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] and LPS (45 min).
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: untreated (0 min) versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] and LPS (45 min).
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophage (45 min): LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophage (45 min): LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophage (45 min): LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophage (45 min): LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages (45 min): IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages (45 min): IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophage (180 min): LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophage (180 min): LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL6 [GeneID=3569] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by: LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL6 [GeneID=3569] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by: LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL6 [GeneID=3569] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by: LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL6 [GeneID=3569] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by: LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3569] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL6 [GeneID=3569] knockout and 180 min of stimulation by: LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL6 [GeneID=3569] knockout and 180 min of stimulation by: LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3586] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by AIL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by AIL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by: LPS versus LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3486].
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by: LPS versus LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3486].
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout and 45 min stimulation by: LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout and 45 min stimulation by: LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3486] and 180 min stimulation of: LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3486] and 180 min stimulation of: LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by: LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout and 45 min of stimulation by: LPS versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min stimulation by LPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min stimulation by LPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophagesat 45 min stimulation of IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophagesat 45 min stimulation of IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486].
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486].
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by LPS: IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by LPS: IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 45 min of stimulation by IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages (45 min): IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout stimulated by IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout stimulated by and IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages (45 min): IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout stimulated by IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout stimulated by and IL6 [GeneID=3469] and LPS.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophagesat 180 min stimulation by LPS: IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophagesat 180 min stimulation by LPS: IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophagesat 180 min of stimulation by IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophagesat 180 min of stimulation by IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 180 min of stimulation by LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 180 min of stimulation by LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 180 min of stimulation with IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 180 min of stimulation with IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: wildtype versus IL10 [GeneID=3486] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 180 min of stimulation byLPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 180 min of stimulation byLPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 180 min of stimulation with IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages at 180 min of stimulation with IL10 [GeneID=3486] and LPS: wildtype versus IL6 [GeneID=3469] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in ndothelial cells: untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in ndothelial cells: untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus interferon beta.
Genes down-regulated fibroblasts: untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in fibroblasts: untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in fibroblasts: untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in fibroblasts: interferon alpha versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in fibroblasts: interferon alpha versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus interferon beta.
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: interferon alpha versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: interferon alpha versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: interferon alpha versus interferon beta.
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: interferon alpha versus interferon beta.
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: interferon beta versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: interferon beta versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated fibroblasts: untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus exposed to E. burgdoferi.
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus exposed to E. burgdoferi.
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3459] and B. burgdoferi.
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: untreated versus IFNG [GeneID=3459] and B. burgdoferi.
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: B. burgdoferi versus IFNG [GeneID=3459] and B. burgdoferi .
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: B. burgdoferi versus IFNG [GeneID=3459] and B. burgdoferi .
Genes up-regulated in endothelial cells: IFNG [GeneID=3459] versus IFNG [GeneID=3459] and B. burgdoferi.
Genes down-regulated in endothelial cells: IFNG [GeneID=3459] versus IFNG [GeneID=3459] and B. burgdoferi.
Genes up-regulated in 33D1+ spleen dendritic cells: Flt3L Melanom injected mice versus healthy controls.
Genes down-regulated in 33D1+ spleen dendritic cells: Flt3L Melanom injected mice versus healthy controls.
Genes up-regulated in spleen dendritic cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: 33D1+ versus DEC205+ subpopulations.
Genes down-regulated in spleen dendritic cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: 33D1+ versus DEC205+ subpopulations.
Genes up-regulated in spleen dendritic cells from healthy mice: 33D1+ versus DEC205+ subpopulations.
Genes down-regulated in spleen dendritic cells from healthy mice: 33D1+ versus DEC205+ subpopulations.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes versus CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes versus CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in T cells: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8.
Genes down-regulated in T cells: CD4 [GeneID=920] versus CD8.
Genes up-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: 33D1+ versus B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: 33D1+ versus B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: 33D1+ versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: 33D1+ versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: 33D1+ versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: 33D1+ versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in splenic dendritic cells versus 33D1+ B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in splenic dendritic cells versus 33D1+ B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in splenic CD 33D1+ dendritic cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in splenic CD 33D1+ dendritic cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in splenic 33D1+ dendritic cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in splenic 33D1+ dendritic cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in cells from Flt3L Melanom injected mice: splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in splenic dendritic cells: DEC205+ versus B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in splenic dendritic cells: DEC205+ versus B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes down-regulated in splenic DEC205+ dendritic cells versus CD8 T cells.
Genes up-regulated in T reg: FOX3P [GeneID=50943] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in T reg: FOX3P [GeneID=50943] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in lymph node B lymphocytes with influenza infection: wildtype versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=2454] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in lymph node B lymphocytes: influenza infected versus interferon beta stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in lymph node B lymphocytes: influenza infection versus un-infected.
Genes down-regulated in lymph node B lymphocytes: untreated versus interferon beta.
Genes up-regulated in lymph node B lymphocytes: influenza infected versus interferon beta stimulation.
Genes down-regulated in lymph node B lymphocytes: influenza infection versus un-infected.
Genes up-regulated in lymph node B lymphocytes: untreated versus interferon beta.
Genes down-regulated in lymph node B lymphocytes with influenza infection: wildtype versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=2454] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in T conv versus T reg.
Genes down-regulated in T conv versus T reg.
Genes up-regulated in T conv versus T reg FOXP3 [GeneID=50943] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in T conv versus T reg FOXP3 [GeneID=50943] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in T reg: wildtype versus FOXP3 [GeneID=50943] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in T reg: wildtype versus FOXP3 [GeneID=50943] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes expressing IgM - BCR [GeneID=613]: untreated versus anti-HEL.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes expressing IgM - BCR [GeneID=613]: untreated versus anti-HEL.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes treated by anti-HEL and expressing BCR [GeneID=613] fusions with: IgM versus IgMG.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes treated by anti-HEL and expressing BCR [GeneID=613] fusions with: IgM versus IgMG.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: expressing IgM BCR [GeneID=613] fusion and untreated versus expressing IgMG BCR [GeneID=613] fusion and treated by anti-HEL.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: expressing IgM BCR [GeneID=613] fusion and untreated versus expressing IgMG BCR [GeneID=613] fusion and treated by anti-HEL.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: control versus stimulated with anti-CD209 [GeneID=30835] antibody.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: control versus stimulated with anti-CD209 [GeneID=30835] antibody.
Genes up-regulated in immature dendritic cells: untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in immature dendritic cells: untreated versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: untreated versus anti-FcgRIIB.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: untreated versus anti-FcgRIIB.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: untreated versus inflammatory cytokine cocktail.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: untreated versus inflammatory cytokine cocktail.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: anti-FcgRIIB versus inflammatory cytokine cocktail.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: anti-FcgRIIB versus inflammatory cytokine cocktail.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus anti- FcgRIIB.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes: untreated versus anti- FcgRIIB.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells versus monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells versus monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in response to anti-FcgRIIB: dendritic cells versus monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in response to anti-FcgRIIB: dendritic cells versus monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from lymph nodes: na������ve versus day 7 after immunization.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from lymph nodes: na������ve versus day 7 after immunization.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from lymph nodes: na������ve versus day 28 after immunization.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from lymph nodes: na������ve versus day 28 after immunization.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from lymph nodes: na������ve versus day 28 after immunization.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from lymph nodes: na������ve versus day 28 after immunization.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: na������ve untreated versus tolerant stimulated by LPS.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: na������ve untreated versus tolerant stimulated by LPS.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages in response to LPS: na������ve versus tolerant.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages in response to LPS: na������ve versus tolerant.
Genes up-regulated in spleens from mice immunized with ova peptides alone versus those immunized with LPS as adjuvant.
Genes down-regulated in spleens from mice immunized with ova peptides alone versus those immunized with LPS as adjuvant.
Genes up-regulated in spleens: LPS versus monophosphoryl lipid A.
Genes down-regulated in spleens: LPS versus monophosphoryl lipid A.
Genes up-regulated in spleens from mice immunized with ova peptides alone versus those immunized with monophosphoryl lipid A as adjuvant.
Genes down-regulated in spleens from mice immunized with ova peptides alone versus those immunized with monophosphoryl lipid A as adjuvant.
Genes up-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: pre-B I versus small pre-B II.
Genes down-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: pre-B I versus small pre-B II.
Genes up-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: pre-B I versus large pre-B II.
Genes down-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: pre-B I versus large pre-B II.
Genes up-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: pre-B I versus VPREB1+ [GeneID=7441] large pre-B II.
Genes down-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: pre-B I versus VPREB1+ [GeneID=7441] large pre-B II.
Genes up-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: small pre-B II versus large pre-B II.
Genes down-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: small pre-B II versus large pre-B II.
Genes up-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: small pre-B II versus VPREB1+ [GeneID=7441] large pre-B II.
Genes down-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: small pre-B II versus VPREB1+ [GeneID=7441] large pre-B II.
Genes up-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: large pre-B II versus VPREB1+ [GeneID=7441] pre-B Il.
Genes down-regulated during B lymphocyte differentiation: large pre-B II versus VPREB1+ [GeneID=7441] pre-B Il.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes after HCMV infection: untreated versus BAY 11-7082 [PubChem=5353431].
Genes down-regulated in monocytes after HCMV infection: untreated versus BAY 11-7082 [PubChem=5353431].
Genes up-regulated in monocytes after HCMV infection: untreated versus Ly294002 [PubChem=3973].
Genes down-regulated in monocytes after HCMV infection: untreated versus Ly294002 [PubChem=3973].
Genes up-regulated in monocytes after HCMV infection: BAY 11-7082 [PubChem=5353431] versus Ly294002 [PubChem=3973].
Genes down-regulated in monocytes after HCMV infection: BAY 11-7082 [PubChem=5353431] versus Ly294002 [PubChem=3973].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with in vivo expansion: IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with in vivo expansion: IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus IFNG [GeneID=3458].
Genes up-regulated in FOLR4- CD4 [GeneID=390243;920] T cells treated by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733] from: BALB/c versus SKG mice.
Genes down-regulated in FOLR4- CD4 [GeneID=390243;920] T cells treated by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin [PubChem=4792;3733] from: BALB/c versus SKG mice.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout in response to 10 min treatment by: LPS versus LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3586].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout in response to 10 min treatment by: LPS versus LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3586].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout in response to 20 min treatment by: LPS versus LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3586].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout in response to 20 min treatment by: LPS versus LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3586].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout in response to 30 min treatment by: LPS versus LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3586].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout in response to 30 min treatment by: LPS versus LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3586].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout treated by LPS: 10 min versus 30 min.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout treated by LPS: 10 min versus 30 min.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout treated by LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3586]: 10 min versus 30 min.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with IL10 [GeneID=3586] knockout treated by LPS and IL10 [GeneID=3586]: 10 min versus 30 min.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus anti IgM.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus anti IgM.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus PL2-3 (Chromatin IC).
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus PL2-3 (Chromatin IC).
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus anti IgM and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus anti IgM and cell anti IgM and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: anti IgM versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: anti IgM versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: anti IgM versus PL2-3 (Chromatin IC).
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: anti IgM versus PL2-3 (Chromatin IC).
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: anti IgM versus anti IgM and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: anti IgM versus anti IgM and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 versus PL2-3 (Chromatin IC).
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 versus PL2-3 (Chromatin IC).
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 versus anti IgM and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 versus anti IgM and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: PL2-3 (Chromatin IC) versus anti IgM and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: PL2-3 (Chromatin IC) versus anti IgM and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoit dendritic cells (1h): untreated versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoit dendritic cells (1h): untreated versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (1h): untreated versus influenza virus infection.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (1h): untreated versus influenza virus infection.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (1h): CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 versus influenza virus infection.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (1h): CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 versus influenza virus infection.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoit dendritic cells (4h): untreated versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoit dendritic cells (4h): untreated versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (4h): untreated versus influenza virus infection.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (4h): untreated versus influenza virus infection.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (4h): CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 versus influenza virus infection.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (4h): CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 versus influenza virus infection.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826: 1h versus 4h.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826: 1h versus 4h.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to influenza virus infection: 1h versus 4h.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to influenza virus infection: 1h versus 4h.
Genes up-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: control versus TNF [GeneID=7124] inhibitor etanercept.
Genes down-regulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells: control versus TNF [GeneID=7124] inhibitor etanercept.
Genes up-regulated in na������ve macrophages: untreated versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in na������ve macrophages: untreated versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in tolerant microphages: untreated versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in tolerant microphages: untreated versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in untreated macrophages: na������ve versus tolerant.
Genes down-regulated in untreated macrophages: na������ve versus tolerant.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages in response to LPS: na������ve versus tolerant.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages in response to LPS: na������ve versus tolerant.
Genes up-regulated in na������ve untreated macrophages versus tolerant macrophages stimulated by LPS.
Genes down-regulated in na������ve untreated macrophages versus tolerant macrophages stimulated by LPS.
Genes up-regulated in pro-B cells with PAX5 [GeneID=5079] knockout: control versus over-expressing EBF1 [GeneID=1879].
Genes down-regulated in pro-B cells with PAX5 [GeneID=5079] knockout: control versus over-expressing EBF1 [GeneID=1879].
Genes up-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: liver versus mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN).
Genes down-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: liver versus mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN).
Genes up-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: liver versus peripheral lymph nodes (pLN).
Genes down-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: liver versus peripheral lymph nodes (pLN).
Genes up-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: liver versus spleen.
Genes down-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: liver versus spleen.
Genes up-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from lymph nodes: mesenteric (mLN) versus peripheral (pLN).
Genes down-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from lymph nodes: mesenteric (mLN) versus peripheral (pLN).
Genes up-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) versus spleen.
Genes down-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) versus spleen.
Genes up-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: peripheral lymph nodes (mLN) versus spleen.
Genes down-regulated in allogeneic T cells after stimulation with dendritic cells from: peripheral lymph nodes (mLN) versus spleen.
Genes down-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells: control versus stimulated with IL17A [GeneID=3605].
Genes up-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with: IL22 [GeneID=50616] versus IL17A [GeneID=3605].
Genes up-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells: control versus stimulated with IL17A [GeneID=3605].
Genes down-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells: control versus stimulated with IL22 [GeneID=50616].
Genes up-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells: control versus stimulated with IL22 [GeneID=50616].
Genes up-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells: control versus stimulated with IL17A and IL22 [GeneID=3605;50616].
Genes down-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells: control versus stimulated with IL17A and IL22 [GeneID=3605;50616].
Genes up-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with: IL22 [GeneID=50616] versus IL17A and IL22 [GeneID=3605;50616].
Genes down-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with: IL22 [GeneID=50616] versus IL17A and IL22 [GeneID=3605;50616].
Genes down-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with: IL22 [GeneID=50616] versus IL17A [GeneID=3605].
Genes down-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with: IL17A [GeneID=50616] versus IL17A and IL22 [GeneID=3605;50616].
Genes up-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with: IL17A [GeneID=50616] versus IL17A and IL22 [GeneID=3605;50616].
Genes up-regulated in IRF4 and IRF8 [GeneID=3662;3394] null pre-B cells treated with 0.25 ng/ml IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus the cells treated with 5 ng/ml IL7 [GeneID=3574] and transduced with IRF4 [GeneID=3662].
Genes down-regulated in IRF4 and IRF8 [GeneID=3662;3394] null pre-B cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574]: 5 ng/ml versus 0.25ng/ml.
Genes down-regulated in IRF4 and IRF8 [GeneID=3662;3394] null pre-B cell treated with 5ng/ml IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus those transduced with IRF4 [GeneID=3662].
Genes up-regulated in IRF4 and IRF8 [GeneID=3662;3394] null pre-B cells treated with IL7 [GeneID=3574]: 5 ng/ml versus 0.25ng/ml.
Genes up-regulated in IRF4 and IRF8 [GeneID=3662;3394] null pre-B cell treated with 5ng/ml IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus those transduced with IRF4 [GeneID=3662].
Genes down-regulated in IRF4 and IRF8 [GeneID=3662;3394] null pre-B cells treated with 0.25 ng/ml IL7 [GeneID=3574] versus the cells treated with 5 ng/ml IL7 [GeneID=3574] and transduced with IRF4 [GeneID=3662].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): untreated versus IL2 [GeneID=3558].
Genes down-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): untreated versus IL2 [GeneID=3558].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): untreated versus IL5 [GeneID=3567].
Genes down-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): untreated versus IL5 [GeneID=3567].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): untreated versus IL21 [GeneID=59067].
Genes down-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): untreated versus IL21 [GeneID=59067].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): untreated versus IL15 [GeneID=3600].
Genes down-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): untreated versus IL15 [GeneID=3600].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): IL2 [GeneID=3558] versus IL21 [GeneID=59067].
Genes down-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): IL2 [GeneID=3558] versus IL21 [GeneID=59067].
Genes up-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): IL15 [GeneID=3600] versus IL21 [GeneID=3600].
Genes down-regulated in Sez-2 cells (T cell lymphoma): IL15 [GeneID=3600] versus IL21 [GeneID=3600].
Genes up-regulated in T conv in response to TGF-beta: expressing constantly active form of AKT1 [GeneID=207] versus control.
Genes down-regulated in T conv in response to TGF-beta: expressing constantly active form of AKT1 [GeneID=207] versus control.
Genes down-regulated in tracheal epithelial cells infected with UV inactivated versus intact Sendai virus.
Genes up-regulated in tracheal epithelial cells infected with UV inactivated versus intact Sendai virus.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells: IL3 [GeneID=3562] versus IL3 [GeneID=3562] and the HIV matrix protein p17.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells: IL3 [GeneID=3562] versus IL3 [GeneID=3562] and the HIV matrix protein p17.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells: IL3 [GeneID=3562] versus IL3 [GeneID=3562] and CpG.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells treated with IL3 [GeneID=3562]: HIV matrix protein p17 versus CpG.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells treated with IL3 [GeneID=3562]: HIV matrix protein p17 versus CpG.
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells: IL3 [GeneID=3562] versus IL3 [GeneID=3562] and CpG.
Genes down-regulated in wildtype B cells versus BAFF-transgenic (over-express TNFSF13B [GeneID=10673]) B cells from lymph node.
Genes up-regulated in wildtype B cells versus BAFF-transgenic (over-express TNFSF13B [GeneID=10673]) B cells from lymph node.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages from patients with synovial fluid rheumatoid arthritis versus monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy persons.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages from patients with synovial fluid rheumatoid arthritis versus monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy persons.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL4 [GeneID=3565] and dexamethasone [PubChem=5743] for 5 days versus those subsequently treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 3h.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL4 [GeneID=3565] and dexamethasone [PubChem=5743] for 5 days versus those subsequently treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 3h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL4 [GeneID=3565] and dexamethasone [PubChem=5743] for 5 days versus those subsequently treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 24h.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL4 [GeneID=3565] and dexamethasone [PubChem=5743] for 5 days versus those subsequently treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL4 [GeneID=3565] for 5 days versus those subsequently treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 24h.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL4 [GeneID=3565] for 5 days versus those subsequently treated with TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages differentiated for 5 days in the presence of: IL4 [GeneID=3565] versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] and dexamethasone [PubChem=5743].
Genes down-regulated in macrophages differentiated for 5 days in the presence of: IL4 [GeneID=3565] versus IL4 [GeneID=3565] and dexamethasone [PubChem=5743].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: 5 days with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and dexamethasone [PubChem=5743] followed by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 24h versus 5 days with IL4 [GeneID=3565] followed by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 24h.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: 5 days with IL4 [GeneID=3565] and dexamethasone [PubChem=5743] followed by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 24h versus 5 days with IL4 [GeneID=3565] followed by TGFB1 [GeneID=7040] for 24h.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus memory.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus memory.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: wildtype versus NFKB2 [GeneID=4791].
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: wildtype versus NFKB2 [GeneID=4791].
Genes up-regulated in dendric cells: untreated versus LPS and anti-CD40.
Genes down-regulated in dendric cells: untreated versus LPS and anti-CD40.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cell NIK NFkB2-KO versus dendritic cell NIK NFkB2-KO LPS and anti-CD40 stimulated.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cell NIK NFkB2-KO versus dendritic cell NIK NFkB2-KO LPS and anti-CD40 stimulated.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cell wildtype LPS and anti-CD40 stimulated versus dendritic cell NIK NFkB2-KO LPS and anti-CD40 stimulated.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cell wildtype LPS and anti-CD40 stimulated versus dendritic cell NIK NFkB2-KO LPS and anti-CD40 stimulated.
Genes up-regulated in 4 day cultures of bone marrow progenitors: wildtype versus MIR223 [GeneID=407008] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in neutrophils from MIR223 [GeneID=407008] bone marrow versus the wildtype cells.
Genes down-regulated in 4 day cultures of bone marrow progenitors: wildtype versus MIR223 [GeneID=407008] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in neutrophils: MIR223 [GeneID=407008] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in 8 day cultures of bone marrow progenitors: wildtype versus MIR223 [GeneID=407008] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in neutrophils from MIR223 [GeneID=407008] bone marrow versus the wildtype cells.
Genes up-regulated in 8 day cultures of bone marrow progenitors: wildtype versus MIR223 [GeneID=407008] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in neutrophils: MIR223 [GeneID=407008] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in of bone marrow progenitors: 4- versus 8-day cultures.
Genes down-regulated in of bone marrow progenitors with MIR223 [GeneID=407008] knockout: 4- versus 8-day cultures.
Genes up-regulated in of bone marrow progenitors with MIR223 [GeneID=407008] knockout: 4- versus 8-day cultures.
Genes down-regulated in of bone marrow progenitors: 4- versus 8-day cultures.
Genes up-regulated in na������ve wildtype CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those from T cell specific FURIN [GeneID=5045] knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in na������ve wildtype CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those from T cell specific FURIN [GeneID=5045] knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in T reg: wildtype versus DICER1 [GeneID=23405] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in T reg: wildtype versus DICER1 [GeneID=23405] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: immature versus mature stimulatory.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: immature versus mature stimulatory.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: immature versus mature inhibitory infected with L. monocytogenes.
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: immature versus mature inhibitory infected with L. monocytogenes.
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells: immature versus mature inhibitory treated by prostaglandin E2 [PubChem=5280360].
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells: immature versus mature inhibitory treated by prostaglandin E2 [PubChem=5280360].
Genes up-regulated in mature dendritic cells: stimulatory versus inhibitory infected with L. monocytogenes.
Genes down-regulated in mature dendritic cells: stimulatory versus inhibitory infected with L. monocytogenes.
Genes up-regulated in mature dendritic cells: stimulatory versus inhibitory treated by prostaglandin E2 [PubChem=5280360].
Genes down-regulated in mature dendritic cells: stimulatory versus inhibitory treated by prostaglandin E2 [PubChem=5280360].
Genes up-regulated in mature inhibitory dendritic cells: L. monocytogenes infection versus prostaglandin E2 [PubChem=5280360].
Genes down-regulated in mature inhibitory dendritic cells: L. monocytogenes infection versus prostaglandin E2 [PubChem=5280360].
Genes down-regulated in neutrophils isolated from: healthy versus patients with peridontitis.
Genes up-regulated in neutrophils isolated from: healthy versus patients with peridontitis.
Genes down-regulated in tymocytes: mutant (hypomorph) ATG16L1 [GeneID=55054] versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in tymocytes: mutant (hypomorph) ATG16L1 [GeneID=55054] versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells: wildtype versus TCF4 [GeneID=6925] heterozygous knockout.
Genes up-regulated in CAL1 cells (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) versus MOLT4 (immature T cells).
Genes down-regulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells: wildtype versus TCF4 [GeneID=6925] heterozygous knockout.
Genes down-regulated in CAL1 cells (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) versus MOLT4 (immature T cells).
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC): control versus IL-12 stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC): control versus IL-12 stimulation.
Genes up-regulated in control CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those infected with HIV-1 viruses lacking Env, Vpr and Nef.
Genes down-regulated in control CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those infected with HIV-1 viruses lacking Env, Vpr and Nef.
Genes up-regulated in control CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus those infected with HIV-1 viruses lacking Env and Nef.
Genes down-regulated in control CD4 [GeneID=920] T cell versus those infected with HIV-1 viruses lacking Env and Nef.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells infected with Env/Nef deficient HIV-1 viruses versus those infected with HIV-1 viruses lacking Env, Nef and Vpr.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells infected with Env/Nef deficient HIV-1 viruses versus those infected with HIV-1 viruses lacking Env, Nef and Vpr.
Genes up-regulated in vascular smooth muscle cells: control versus treated with IL17A [GeneID=3605].
Genes down-regulated in vascular smooth muscle cells: control versus treated with IL17A [GeneID=3605].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in splenocytes from OT-1 TCR transgenic mice: control versus IL-12 treatment.
Genes down-regulated in splenocytes from OT-1 TCR transgenic mice: control versus IL-12 treatment.
Genes up-regulated in NIH3T3 cells (fibroblast): control versus stimulated with IFN-b.
Genes up-regulated in RAW264.7 cells (macrophage): control versus stimulated with IFN-b.
Genes down-regulated in RAW264.7 cells (macrophage): control versus stimulated with IFN-b.
Genes down-regulated in NIH3T3 cells (fibroblast): control versus stimulated with IFN-b.
Genes down-regulated in L929 cells (fibroblast): control versus stimulated with IFN-b.
Genes up-regulated in L929 cells (fibroblast): control versus stimulated with IFN-b.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from healthy donors: activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 versus nitric oxide [PubChem=145068] treatment.
Genes down-regulated in resting CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: healthy versus systemic lupus erythrematosus (SLE).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from healthy donors: resting versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from healthy donors: resting versus nitric oxide [PubChem=145068].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from healthy donors: activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 versus nitric oxide [PubChem=145068] treatment.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from healthy donors: resting versus activated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from healthy donors: resting versus nitric oxide [PubChem=145068].
Genes up-regulated in resting CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: healthy versus systemic lupus erythrematosus (SLE).
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells (5 days): control versus 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [PubChem=1593].
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells (12 days): control versus 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [PubChem=1593].
Genes up-regulated in dendritic cells (5 days): control versus 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [PubChem=1593].
Genes down-regulated in dendritic cells (12 days): control versus 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [PubChem=1593].
Genes down-regulated in skin from: wildtype (BALB/c) versus IFNG [GeneID=3458] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in skin from BALB/c mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y).
Genes up-regulated in skin from BALB/c mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Brazil).
Genes down-regulated in skin from INFG [GeneID=3458] knockout mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y).
Genes up-regulated in skin after injection of Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y): wildtype (BALB/c) versus INFG [GeneID=3458] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in skin from BALB/c mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain G).
Genes up-regulated in skin from: wildtype (BALB/c) versus IFNG [GeneID=3458] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in skin from INFG [GeneID=3458] knockout mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y).
Genes down-regulated in skin after injection of Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y): wildtype (BALB/c) versus INFG [GeneID=3458] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in skin from 129S1 mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y).
Genes down-regulated in skin from 129S1 mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y).
Genes down-regulated in skin after injection of Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y): wildtype (BALB/c) versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in skin from BALB/c mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Brazil).
Genes up-regulated in skin from BALB/c mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain G).
Genes down-regulated in skin: wildtype (BALB/c) versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in skin from BALB/c mice after injection of: control versus Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y).
Genes up-regulated in skin after injection of Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y): wildtype (129S1) versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in skin after injection of Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y): wildtype (129S1) versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in skin: wildtype (BALB/c) versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in skin after injection of Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Y): wildtype (BALB/c) versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus activated.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus undergoing deletional tolerance.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus undergoing deletional tolerance.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: undergoing deletional tolerance versus activated.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus activated.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: undergoing deletional tolerance versus activated.
Genes down-regulated in gamma delta intraepithelial lymphocytes from colon: control versus colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).
Genes up-regulated in gamma delta intraepithelial lymphocytes from colon: control versus colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).
Genes up-regulated in activated T lymphocytes: T conv versus natural T reg.
Genes down-regulated in induced T reg: wildtype versus non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943].
Genes up-regulated in natural T reg with non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943] versus T conv.
Genes down-regulated in activated T lymphocytes: T conv versus natural T reg.
Genes up-regulated in induced T reg: wildtype versus non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943].
Genes down-regulated in T reg: induced versus failed induced.
Genes down-regulated in natural T reg with non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943] versus T conv.
Genes up-regulated in induced T reg cultured with IL2 [GeneID=3558]: wildtype versus non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943].
Genes up-regulated in T reg: induced versus failed induced.
Genes down-regulated in induced T reg cultured with IL2 [GeneID=3558]: wildtype versus non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943].
Genes up-regulated in induced T reg versus T conv.
Genes down-regulated in induced T reg versus T conv.
Genes down-regulated in natural T reg versus T conv.
Genes down-regulated in natural T reg: activated versus na������ve.
Genes up-regulated in T conv versus induced T reg with non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943].
Genes up-regulated in natural T reg: wildtype versus non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943].
Genes down-regulated in T conv versus induced T reg with non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943].
Genes up-regulated in T reg: induced versus natural.
Genes down-regulated in T reg: induced versus natural.
Genes down-regulated in natural T reg: wildtype versus non-functional FOXP3 [GeneID=50943].
Genes up-regulated in natural T reg: activated versus na������ve.
Genes up-regulated in natural T reg versus T conv.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood mononclear cells (PBMC) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patient: untreated versus IFNB1 [GeneID=3456].
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood mononclear cells (PBMC) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patient: untreated versus IFNB1 [GeneID=3456].
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus stimulated by anti-IgM for 12h.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM: 2h versus 12h.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM: 2h versus 12h.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM for 12h: wildtype versus ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus stimulated by anti-IgM for 12h.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM for 2h: wildtype versus ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM for 12h: wildtype versus ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes with ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout: control versus stimulated by anti-IgM for 2h.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus stimulated by anti-IgM.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: control versus stimulated by anti-IgM for 2h.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM for 2h: wildtype versus ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM: ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout (2h) versus wildtype (12h).
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes stimulated by anti-IgM: ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout (2h) versus wildtype (12h).
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: wildtype versus ZFX [GeneID=7543].
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes with ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout: control versus stimulated by anti-IgM for 2h.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout versus wildtype cells stimulated by anti-IgM for 12h.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: ZFX [GeneID=7543] knockout versus wildtype cells stimulated by anti-IgM for 12h.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: wildtype versus ZFX [GeneID=7543].
Genes up-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells versus megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells versus lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells versus megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus pro-B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus pro-B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: hematopoietic stem cells versus megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells versus lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: hematopoietic stem cells versus megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: hematopoietic stem cells versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: hematopoietic stem cells versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in granulo-monocyte progenitors: wildtype versus IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in granulo-monocyte progenitors: wildtype versus IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: hematopoietic stem cells versus lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells: wildtype versus IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors: wildtype versus IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors: wildtype versus IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells: wildtype versus IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in granulo-monocyte progenitors versus pro-B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in granulo-monocyte progenitors versus pro-B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors: wildtype versus IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors versus pro-B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout: hematopoietic stem cells versus lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in megakaryo-erythrocyte progenitors versus pro-B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells versus pro-B lymphocytes.
Genes down-regulated in lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors: wildtype versus IKZF1 [GeneID=10320] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes up-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells versus granulo-monocyte progenitors.
Genes down-regulated in hematopoietic stem cells versus pro-B lymphocytes.
Genes up-regulated in NK cells: low dose versus high dose of IL2 [GeneID=3558].
Genes down-regulated in NK cells: primary versus activated and expanded.
Genes down-regulated in NK cells: low dose versus high dose of IL2 [GeneID=3558].
Genes up-regulated in NK cells: primary versus stimulated by high dose of IL2 [GeneID=3558].
Genes down-regulated in NK cells: primary versus stimulated by high dose of IL2 [GeneID=3558].
Genes up-regulated in NK cells: primary versus activated and expanded.
Genes up-regulated in NK cells: primary versus stimulated by low dose of IL2 [GeneID=3558].
Genes down-regulated in NK cells: primary versus stimulated by low dose of IL2 [GeneID=3558].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from atopic patients: resting versus stimulated with allergen (house dust mite).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from atopic patients: resting versus stimulated with allergen (house dust mite).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from non-atopic donors: resting versus stimulated with allergen (house dust mite).
Genes down-regulated in resting CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: atopy versus healthy.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells from non-atopic donors: resting versus stimulated with allergen (house dust mite).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells stimulated with allergen (house dust mite): atopy versus healthy.
Genes up-regulated in resting CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: atopy versus healthy.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells stimulated with allergen (house dust mite): atopy versus healthy.
Genes down-regulated in neutrophils treated with CSF2 [GeneID=1437] versus control.
Genes up-regulated in neutrophils treated with CSF2 [GeneID=1437] versus control.
Genes down-regulated in centroblasts versus centrocytes.
Genes up-regulated in centroblasts versus centrocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with halofuginone [PubChem=400772]: 3h versus 6h.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus treated with halofuginone [PubChem=400772] for 6h.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with halofuginone [PubChem=400772]: 3h versus 6h.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus treated with halofuginone [PubChem=400772] for 6h.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus treated with halofuginone [PubChem=400772] for 3h.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus treated with halofuginone [PubChem=400772] for 3h.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): healthy versus Gram negative sepsis.
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): healthy versus Gram negative sepsis.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC):healthy versus Gram positive sepsis.
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC):healthy versus Gram positive sepsis.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): healthy versus mixed infection sepsis.
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): healthy versus mixed infection sepsis.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): healthy versus sepsis.
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): healthy versus sepsis.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): Gram negative sepsis versus Gram positive sepsis.
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): Gram negative sepsis versus Gram positive sepsis.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): Gram negative sepsis versus mixed infection sepsis.
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): Gram negative sepsis versus mixed infection sepsis.
Genes up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): Gram positive sepsis versus mixed infection sepsis.
Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes (PMBC): Gram positive sepsis versus mixed infection sepsis.
Genes down-regulated in splenic dendritic cells from IFNB1 [GeneID=3456] knockout mice: CD8A+ [GeneID=925] versus CD8A- [GeneID=925] populations.
Genes up-regulated in wildtype splenic dendritic cells: CD8A+ [GeneID=925] versus CD8A- [GeneID=925].
Genes down-regulated in CD8A- [GeneID=925] splenic dendritic cells: IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout versus IFNB1 [GeneID=3456] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in splenic dendritic cells from IFNB1 [GeneID=3456] knockout mice: CD8A+ [GeneID=925] versus CD8A- [GeneID=925] populations.
Genes down-regulated in CD8A- [GeneID=925] splenic dendritic cells: wildtype versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in CD8A- [GeneID=925] splenic dendritic cells: IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout versus IFNB1 [GeneID=3456] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in wildtype splenic dendritic cells: CD8A+ [GeneID=925] versus CD8A- [GeneID=925].
Genes down-regulated in CD8A+ [GeneID=925] splenic dendritic cells: wildtype versus IFNB1 [GeneID=3456] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in CD8A- [GeneID=925] splenic dendritic cells: wildtype versus IFNAR1 [GeneID=3454] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in CD8A- [GeneID=925] splenic dendritic cells: wildtype versus IFNB1 [GeneID=3456] knockout mice.
Genes down-regulated in CD8A- [GeneID=925] splenic dendritic cells: wildtype versus IFNB1 [GeneID=3456] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in CD8A+ [GeneID=925] splenic dendritic cells: wildtype versus IFNB1 [GeneID=3456] knockout mice.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus follicular helper CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells versus follicular helper CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus treated with HDAC inhibitors for 2h.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus treated with HDAC inhibitors for 12h.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with HDAC inhibitors: 2h versus 12h.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus treated with HDAC inhibitors for 2h.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with HDAC inhibitors: 2h versus 12h.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus treated with HDAC inhibitors for 12h.
Genes down-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: wildtype wt versus ZBTB7B [GeneID=51043] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: wildtype wt versus ZBTB7B [GeneID=51043] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in transitional B lymphocytes: CR2 [GeneID=1380] low versus CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: memory versus na������ve.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: memory versus na������ve.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes from cord blood: na������ve versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes down-regulated in transitional B lymphocytes: CR2 [GeneID=1380] low versus CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes from cord blood: na������ve versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380].
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes from cord blood: na������ve versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380].
Genes down-regulated in na������ve B lymphocytes versus those from cord blood.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: memory versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] low.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: memory versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] low.
Genes up-regulated in transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] high B lymphocytes versus those from cord blood.
Genes down-regulated in transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] high B lymphocytes versus those from cord blood.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes from cord blood: na������ve versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes up-regulated in transitional B lymphocytes from cord blood: CR2 [GeneID=1380] low versus CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes down-regulated in transitional B lymphocytes from cord blood: CR2 [GeneID=1380] low versus CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes up-regulated in na������ve B lymphocytes versus those from cord blood.
Genes up-regulated in transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] low B lymphocytes versus those from cord blood.
Genes down-regulated in transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] low B lymphocytes versus those from cord blood.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] low.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: memory versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes down-regulated in B lymphocytes: memory versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] high.
Genes up-regulated in B lymphocytes: na������ve versus transitional CR2 [GeneID=1380] low.
Genes up-regulated in tumors established by injecting MC38 cells (colon cancer): control versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated in tumors established by injecting MC38 cells (colon cancer): control versus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826.
Genes down-regulated inmouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): control versus LPS and heat shock.
Genes up-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): LPS versus LPS and heat shock.
Genes up-regulated inmouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): control versus LPS and heat shock.
Genes down-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): control versus LPS.
Genes down-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): LPS versus LPS and heat shock.
Genes up-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): control versus LPS.
Genes up-regulated in T cells: control (0h) versus IL21 [GeneID=59067] treatment for 6h.
Genes down-regulated in T cells: control (0h) versus IL21 [GeneID=59067] treatment for 1h.
Genes up-regulated in T cells treated with IL21 [GeneID=59067]: 1h versus 6h.
Genes up-regulated in T cells: control (0h) versus IL21 [GeneID=59067] treatment for 1h.
Genes up-regulated in T cells treated with IL21 [GeneID=59067]: 6h versus 24h.
Genes down-regulated in T cells treated with IL21 [GeneID=59067]: 6h versus 24h.
Genes down-regulated in T cells: control (0h) versus IL21 [GeneID=59067] treatment for 6h.
Genes down-regulated in T cells treated with IL21 [GeneID=59067]: 1h versus 24h.
Genes down-regulated in T cells: control (0h) versus IL21 [GeneID=59067] for 24h.
Genes down-regulated in T cells treated with IL21 [GeneID=59067]: 1h versus 6h.
Genes up-regulated in T cells: control (0h) versus IL21 [GeneID=59067] for 24h.
Genes up-regulated in T cells treated with IL21 [GeneID=59067]: 1h versus 24h.
Genes up-regulated in thymus cortical regions: subcapsular versus perimedullary.
Genes down-regulated in thymus cortical regions: subcapsular versus central cortical.
Genes up-regulated in cortical thymocytes versus thymus whole cortex.
Genes down-regulated in cortical thymocytes versus thymus whole cortex.
Genes down-regulated in thymus perimedullary cortical region versus the whole medulla.
Genes up-regulated in thymus: whole cortex versus whole medulla.
Genes down-regulated in thymus: whole cortex versus whole medulla.
Genes up-regulated in thymus cortical regions: subcapsular versus central cortical.
Genes up-regulated in medullary thymocytes versus thymus whole medulla.
Genes down-regulated in medullary thymocytes versus thymus whole medulla.
Genes up-regulated in thymus subcapsular cortical region versus the whole cortex.
Genes up-regulated in thymocytes: cortical versus medullary sources.
Genes up-regulated in thymus subcapsular cortical region versus the whole medulla.
Genes down-regulated in thymus subcapsular cortical region versus the whole medulla.
Genes up-regulated in thymus perimedullary cortical region versus the whole cortex.
Genes down-regulated in thymocytes: cortical versus medullary sources.
Genes up-regulated in thymus perimedullary cortical region versus the whole medulla.
Genes down-regulated in thymus cortical regions: subcapsular versus perimedullary.
Genes down-regulated in thymus subcapsular cortical region versus the whole cortex.
Genes down-regulated in thymus perimedullary cortical region versus the whole cortex.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: control versus Listeria infected.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages: control versus Listeria infected.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes: TCF3 [GeneID=6929] knockout versus TCF12 [GeneID=6938] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus TCF3 [GeneID=6929] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus TCF3 [GeneID=6929] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus TCF3 and TCF12 [GeneID=6929;6938] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes: TCF12 [GeneID=6939] knockout versus TCF3 and TCF12 [GeneID=6929;6938] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes: TCF12 [GeneID=6939] knockout versus TCF3 and TCF12 [GeneID=6929;6938] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus TCF3 and TCF12 [GeneID=6929;6938] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes: TCF3 [GeneID=6929] knockout versus TCF12 [GeneID=6938] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positve thymocyte: TCF3 [GeneID=6929] knockout versus TCF3 and TCF12 [GeneID=6929;6938] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positve thymocyte: TCF3 [GeneID=6929] knockout versus TCF3 and TCF12 [GeneID=6929;6938] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus TCF12 [GeneID=6938] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus TCF12 [GeneID=6938] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in monocytes pre-treated with Ly294002 [PubChem=3973]: control versus HCMV infection.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes: control versus HCMV infection.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes after HCMV infection: untreated versus pre-treated with Ly294002 [PubChem=3973].
Genes down-regulated in monocytes after HCMV infection: untreated versus pre-treated with Ly294002 [PubChem=3973].
Genes down-regulated in monocytes: control versus HCMV infection.
Genes up-regulated in monocytes pre-treated with Ly294002 [PubChem=3973]: control versus HCMV infection.
Genes down-regulated in lymphocytes treated with medium for 24h: T conv versus T reg cells.
Genes up-regulated in lymphocytes treated with medium for 24h: T conv versus T reg cells.
Genes down-regulated in lymphocytes treated with TNF [GeneID=7124] for 24h: T conv versus T reg cells.
Genes down-regulated in lymphocytes treated with medium for 2h: T conv versus T reg cells.
Genes up-regulated in T reg cells (2h): medium versus TNF [GeneID=7124].
Genes up-regulated in T conv cells (2h): medium versus TNF [GeneID=7124].
Genes down-regulated in T reg cells: 2h versus 24h medium treatment.
Genes up-regulated in lymphocytes treated with TNF [GeneID=7124] for 2h: T conv versus T reg cells.
Genes up-regulated in T reg cells: 2h versus 24h medium treatment.
Genes up-regulated in lymphocytes treated with medium for 2h: T conv versus T reg cells.
Genes down-regulated in T conv cells (2h): medium versus TNF [GeneID=7124].
Genes down-regulated in T reg cells (2h): medium versus TNF [GeneID=7124].
Genes up-regulated in T conv cells (24h): medium versus TNF [GeneID=7124].
Genes down-regulated in T conv cells (24h): medium versus TNF [GeneID=7124].
Genes down-regulated in lymphocytes treated with TNF [GeneID=7124] for 2h: T conv versus T reg cells.
Genes up-regulated in lymphocytes treated with TNF [GeneID=7124] for 24h: T conv versus T reg cells.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus incubated with the peptide ALL1.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus incubated with the peptide ALL1.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells incubated with the peptide ALL1 followed by treatment with: Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus T cell membranes.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus incubated with the ALL1 peptide followed by treatment with Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus T cell membranes.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus incubated with the peptide ALL1 followed by stimulation with T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus incubated with the peptide ALL1 followed by stimulation with T cell membranes.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: incubated with the peptide ALL1 and then treated with Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus stimulation by T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: incubated with the peptide ALL1 and then treated with Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus stimulation by T cell membranes.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells incubated the peptide ALL1 versus those followed by treatment with Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells incubated the peptide ALL1 versus those followed by treatment with Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: incubated with the peptide ALL1 versus stimulated with T cell membranes.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus incubated with the peptide ALL1 followed by treatment with Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus incubated with the ALL1 peptide followed by treatment with Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus stimulated with T cell membranes.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus incubated with the peptide ALL1 followed by stimulation with T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus incubated with the peptide ALL1 followed by stimulation with T cell membranes.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells incubated with: the peptide ALL1 versus Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells incubated with: the peptide ALL1 versus Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells incubated with the peptide ALL1 versus those then stimulated by T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells incubated with the peptide ALL1 versus those then stimulated by T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: stimulated with T cell membranes versus incubated with the peptide ALL1 and then stimulated with T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: incubated with the peptide ALL1 versus stimulated with T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus incubated with the peptide ALL1 followed by treatment with Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850].
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: untreated versus stimulated with T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells incubated with the peptide ALL1 followed by treatment with: Cl-IB-MECA [PubChem=3035850] versus T cell membranes.
Genes up-regulated in HMC-1 (mast leukemia) cells: stimulated with T cell membranes versus incubated with the peptide ALL1 and then stimulated with T cell membranes.
Genes down-regulated in nuocytes: control versus treated with IL7 and IL33 [GeneID=3574;90865].
Genes up-regulated in nuocytes: control versus treated with IL7 and IL33 [GeneID=3574;90865].
Genes down-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): control versus IL-12.
Genes up-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): control versus IL-12.
Genes up-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): control versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): IL-12 versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): IL-12 and IL18 [GeneID=3606] versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): IL-12 and IL18 [GeneID=3606] versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): IL-12 versus IL-12 and IL18 [GeneID=3606].
Genes down-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): control versus IL-12 and IL18 [GeneID=3606].
Genes down-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): IL-12 versus interferon alpha.
Genes down-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): control versus interferon alpha.
Genes up-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): control versus IL-12 and IL18 [GeneID=3606].
Genes up-regulated in the activated CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells (48h): IL-12 versus IL-12 and IL18 [GeneID=3606].
Genes down-regulated in monocyte derived macrophages: CSF1 [GeneID=1435] versus PF4 [GeneID=5196].
Genes up-regulated in monocyte derived macrophages: CSF1 [GeneID=1435] versus PF4 [GeneID=5196].
Genes up-regulated in lung dendritic cells: CD103+ [GeneID=3682] versus CD11b [GeneID=3684] high.
Genes down-regulated in lungh dendritic cell : CD103+ [GeneID=3682] versus CD11b [GeneID=3684] high.
Genes down-regulated in T reg cells: wildtype versus FOXO1 and FOXO3 [GeneID=2308;2309].
Genes up-regulated in T reg cells: wildtype versus FOXO1 and FOXO3 [GeneID=2308;2309].
Genes up-regulated in the neuron cell line: immature versus mature.
Genes down-regulated in the neuron cell line: immature versus mature.
Genes up-regulated in immature neuron cell line: control versus interferon alpha (12h).
Genes down-regulated in immature neuron cell line: control versus interferon alpha (12h).
Genes down-regulated in neuron cell line infected with western equine encephalitis virus: immature versus mature cells.
Genes down-regulated in immature neuron cell line: control versus interferon alpha (6h).
Genes up-regulated in mature neuron cell line: control versus interferon alpha (12h).
Genes down-regulated in mature neuron cell line: control versus interferon alpha (12h).
Genes up-regulated in neuron cell line infected with western equine encephalitis virus: immature versus mature cells.
Genes up-regulated in neuron cell line treated with interferon alpha for 6h: immature versus mature.
Genes down-regulated in neuron cell line treated with interferon alpha for 6h: immature versus mature.
Genes up-regulated in immature neuron cell line: control versus interferon alpha (6h).
Genes down-regulated in neuron cell line treated with interferon alpha for 12h: immature versus mature.
Genes up-regulated in mature neuron cell line: control versus interferon alpha (6h).
Genes down-regulated in mature neuron cell line: control versus interferon alpha (6h).
Genes up-regulated in the mature neuron cell line: control versus infected with western equine encephalitis virus.
Genes down-regulated in the mature neuron cell line: control versus infected with western equine encephalitis virus.
Genes up-regulated in the immature neuron cell line: control versus infected with western equine encephalitis viruss.
Genes down-regulated in the immature neuron cell line: control versus infected with western equine encephalitis viruss.
Genes up-regulated in neuron cell line treated with interferon alpha for 12h: immature versus mature.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: medium versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: TGF beta versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: TGF beta versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: TGF beta versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: TGF beta versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: TGF beta versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: medium versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGF beta: STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGF beta: STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: medium versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: TGF beta versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: TGF beta versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: TGF beta versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569]: STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569]: STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: medium versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: medium versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: medium versus IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: medium versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: medium versus TGF beta.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: medium versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL6 [GeneID=3569]: STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: medium versus TGF beta.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: medium versus TGF beta.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: IL6 [GeneID=3569] versus TGF beta and IL6 [GeneID=3569].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells with STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout: medium versus TGF beta.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells treated with IL6 [GeneID=3569]: STAT3 [GeneID=6774] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in periperal blood monocytes (PBMC) from kidney transplant recipients: tolerant versus immunosuppressive therapy.
Genes down-regulated in periperal blood monocytes (PBMC): kidney transplant recipients receiving immunosuppression therapy versus healthy controls.
Genes down-regulated in periperal blood monocytes (PBMC): tolerant kidney transplants versus healthy controls.
Genes up-regulated in periperal blood monocytes (PBMC): kidney transplant recipients receiving immunosuppression therapy versus healthy controls.
Genes down-regulated in periperal blood monocytes (PBMC) from kidney transplant recipients: tolerant versus immunosuppressive therapy.
Genes up-regulated in periperal blood monocytes (PBMC): tolerant kidney transplants versus healthy controls.
Genes up-regulated in NCAM+ [GeneID=4684] NK cells: SELL bright [GeneID=6402] versus SELL dim [GeneID=6402].
Genes up-regulated in NCAM1+ SELL bright [GeneID=4684;6402] versus NCAM1- SELL dim [GeneID=4684;6402].
Genes up-regulated in SELL dim [GeneID=6402] NK cells: NCAM1+ [GeneID=4684] versus NCAM1- [GeneID=4684].
Genes down-regulated in NCAM+ [GeneID=4684] NK cells: SELL bright [GeneID=6402] versus SELL dim [GeneID=6402].
Genes down-regulated in NCAM1+ SELL bright [GeneID=4684;6402] versus NCAM1- SELL dim [GeneID=4684;6402].
Genes down-regulated in SELL dim [GeneID=6402] NK cells: NCAM1+ [GeneID=4684] versus NCAM1- [GeneID=4684].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] follicular helper T cells (Tfh) with SH2D1A [GeneID=4068] knockout versus wildtype Tfh cells.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] non-follicular helper T cells: wildtype versus SH2D1A [GeneID=4068] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] follicular helper T cells (Tfh) versus non-Tfh.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] follicular helper T cells (Tfh) with SH2D1A [GeneID=4068] knockout versus wildtype Tfh cells.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: non-Tfh versus Tfh (T follicular helper).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: non-Tfh versus Tfh (T follicular helper) from germinal center.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: non-Tfh versus Tfh (T follicular helper) from germinal center.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] Tfh (T follicular helper) cells: Tfh versus Tfh from germinal center.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] follicular helper T cells (Tfh) versus non-Tfh.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] Tfh (T follicular helper) cells: Tfh versus Tfh from germinal center.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] follicular helper T cells (Tfh) with SH2D1A [GeneID=4068] knockout versus non-Tfh cells with SH2D1A [GeneID=4068] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] non-follicular helper T cells: wildtype versus SH2D1A [GeneID=4068] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: non-Tfh versus Tfh (T follicular helper).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] follicular helper T cells (Tfh) with SH2D1A [GeneID=4068] knockout versus non-Tfh cells with SH2D1A [GeneID=4068] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes stimulated by anti-CD3: wildtype versus ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes stimulated by anti-CD3: wildtype versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes stimulated by anti-CD3: ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes stimulated by anti-CD3: ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in stimulated by anti-CD3 double positive thymocytes: ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in stimulated by anti-CD3 double positive thymocytes: ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes stimulated by anti-CD3: wildtype versus ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes stimulated by anti-CD3: wildtype versus ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes with ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout: untreated versus stimulated by anti-CD3.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes with ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout: untreated versus stimulated by anti-CD3.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes with ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout: untreated versus stimulated by anti-CD3.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes with ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout: untreated versus stimulated by anti-CD3.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes with ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout: untreated versus stimulated by anti-CD3.
Genes up-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: wildtype versus ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in untreated double positive thymocytes: ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes: untreated versus stimulated by anti-CD3.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes: untreated versus stimulated by anti-CD3.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes with ELK4 [GeneID=2005] knockout: untreated versus stimulated by anti-CD3.
Genes down-regulated in double positive thymocytes stimulated by anti-CD3: wildtype versus ELK1 [GeneID=2002] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in double positive thymocytes stimulated by anti-CD3: wildtype versus ELK1 and ELK4 [GeneID=2002;2005] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse versus CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and IL-6.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from spleen of BALB/c mice: healthy versus bearing C26GM colon carcinoma.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice bearing C26GM colon carcinoma: spleen of BALB/c mice: spleen versus tumor infiltrating monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from spleen of BALB/c mice: healthy versus bearing C26GM colon carcinoma.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma: spleen of BALB/c mice: spleen versus tumor infiltrating monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice: spleen versus bone marrow.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice bearing: C26GM colon carcinoma versus 4T1 mammary carcinoma.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b Spleen from BALBc mouse versus CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and GCSF.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b Spleen from BALBc mouse versus CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and GCSF.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse versus CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and IL-6.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice: spleen versus bone marrow.
Genes up-regulated in spleen CD11b cells: BALBc versus C57BL6 mouse strains.
Genes down-regulated in spleen CD11b cells: BALBc versus C57BL6 mouse strains.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse versus CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and GCSF.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and IL-6 versus CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and GCSF.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice bearing C26GM colon carcinoma: spleen of BALB/c mice: spleen versus tumor infiltrating monocytes.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma: spleen of BALB/c mice: spleen versus tumor infiltrating monocytes.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b Tumor from BALBc mouse versus CD11b Tumor from C57BL6 mouse.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b Spleen from BALBc mouse versus CD11b Tumor from BALBc mouse.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b Spleen from BALBc mouse versus CD11b Tumor from BALBc mouse.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b Spleen from C57BL6 mouse versus CD11b Tumor from C57BL6 mouse.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b Spleen from C57BL6 mouse versus CD11b Tumor from C57BL6 mouse.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b EL4 Tumor from C57BL6 mouse versus CD11b MCA203 Tumor from C57BL6 mouse.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b EL4 Tumor from C57BL6 mouse versus CD11b MCA203 Tumor from C57BL6 mouse.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice bearing C26GM colon carcinoma: spleen versus tumor.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse versus CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and GCSF.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from spleen of BALB/c mice bearing C26GM colon carcinoma versus CD11b+ cells from tumors of BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from spleen of BALB/c mice bearing C26GM colon carcinoma versus CD11b+ cells from tumors of BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from spleen of BALB/c mice bearing C26GM colon carcinoma versus CD11b+ cells from bone marrow of healthy BALB/c mice.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from spleen of BALB/c mice bearing C26GM colon carcinoma versus CD11b+ cells from bone marrow of healthy BALB/c mice.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ cells from spleen of healthy C57BL6 mice versus CD11b+ cells from tumor infiltrating monocytes of BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from spleen of healthy C57BL6 mice versus CD11b+ cells from tumor infiltrating monocytes of BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b+ from spleen of healthy C57BL6 versus CD11b+ cells from tumors of C57BL6 mice bearing EL4 lymphoma.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ from spleen of healthy C57BL6 versus CD11b+ cells from tumors of C57BL6 mice bearing EL4 lymphoma.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice bearing C26GM colon carcinoma: spleen versus tumor.
Genes up-regulated in CD11b Tumor from BALBc mouse versus CD11b Tumor from C57BL6 mouse.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b+ cells from BALB/c mice bearing: C26GM colon carcinoma versus 4T1 mammary carcinoma.
Genes down-regulated in CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and IL-6 versus CD11b BoneMarrow from BALBc mouse incubated with GMCSF and GCSF.
Genes down-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 1' versus 4'.
Genes up-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 2' versus 3'.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus 3' memory.
Genes up-regulated inCD8 T cells: na������ve versus 4' memory.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus 3' memory.
Genes down-regulated inCD8 T cells: na������ve versus 4' memory.
Genes up-regulated in 1'Memory CD8T versus 2'Memory CD8T.
Genes down-regulated in 1'Memory CD8T versus 2'Memory CD8T.
Genes down-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 2' versus 3'.
Genes up-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 2' versus 4'.
Genes up-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 1' versus 4'.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus 1' memory.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus 1' memory.
Genes up-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus 2' memory.
Genes down-regulated in CD8 T cells: na������ve versus 2' memory.
Genes down-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 2' versus 4'.
Genes up-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 3' versus 4'.
Genes down-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 3' versus 4'.
Genes up-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 1' versus 3'.
Genes down-regulated in memory CD8 T cells: 1' versus 3'.
Genes down-regulated in healthy CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: germ free versus specific pathogen free.
Genes down-regulated in arthritic (KRN model) CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: germ free versus specific pathogen free conditions.
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells under germ free conditions: healthy versus arthritis (KRN model).
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells under germ free conditions: healthy versus arthritis (KRN model).
Genes up-regulated in arthritic (KRN model) CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: germ free versus specific pathogen free conditions.
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells under specific pathogen free conditions: healthy versus arthritis (KRN model).
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells under specific pathogen free conditions: healthy versus arthritis (KRN model).
Genes up-regulated in healthy CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: germ free versus specific pathogen free.
Genes down-regulated in skin gamma delta T cells: healthy versus obesity.
Genes up-regulated in skin gamma delta T cells: healthy versus obesity.
Genes up-regulated in ex vivo follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes: na������ve versus immunized mice.
Genes down-regulated in ex vivo follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes: na������ve versus immunized mice.
Genes down-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes: non-stimulated versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795] and Pam2CSK4 (96h).
Genes up-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes: non-stimulated versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795] (96h).
Genes down-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes: non-stimulated versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795] (96h).
Genes up-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes: non-stimulated versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795] and Pam2CSK4 (96h).
Genes up-regulated in ex vivo follicular dendritic cells: peripheral lymph node versus Peyers patch.
Genes down-regulated in ex vivo follicular dendritic cells: peripheral lymph node versus Peyers patch.
Genes down-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes (96h): Pam2CSK4 versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795] and Pam2CSK4.
Genes up-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes: unstimulated versus Pam2CSK4 (96h).
Genes down-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes: unstimulated versus Pam2CSK4 (96h).
Genes down-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes (96h): Pam2CSK4 versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795].
Genes up-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes (96h): Pam2CSK4 versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795] and Pam2CSK4.
Genes up-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes (96h): Pam2CSK4 versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795].
Genes down-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes (96h): tretinoin [PubChem=444795] versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795] and Pam2CSK4.
Genes up-regulated in the in vitro follicular dendritic cells from peripheral lymph nodes (96h): tretinoin [PubChem=444795] versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795] and Pam2CSK4.
Genes down-regulated in ankle joints from SPHK1 [GeneID=8877] knockout: TNF [GeneID=7124] over-expression versus control.
Genes up-regulated in ankle joints: SPHK1 [GeneID=8877] versus wildtype over-expressing TNF [GeneID=7124].
Genes down-regulated in ankle joints: SPHK1 [GeneID=8877] versus wildtype over-expressing TNF [GeneID=7124].
Genes up-regulated in ankle joints over-expressing TNF [GeneID=7124]: SPHK1 [GeneID=8877] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes down-regulated in ankle joints over-expressing TNF [GeneID=7124]: SPHK1 [GeneID=8877] knockout versus wildtype.
Genes up-regulated in ankle joints from SPHK1 [GeneID=8877] knockout: TNF [GeneID=7124] over-expression versus control.
Genes up-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): untreated versus MRL24 [PubChem=9958543].
Genes down-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): untreated versus rosiglitazone [PubChem=77999].
Genes down-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): wildtype versus PPARG [GeneID=5468] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): wildtype versus PPARG [GeneID=5468] knockout.
Genes up-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): untreated versus rosiglitazone [PubChem=77999].
Genes down-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF): untreated versus MRL24 [PubChem=9958543].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus tretinoin [PubChem=444795].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: tretinoin [PubChem=444795] versus Ro 41-5253 [PubChem=5312120].
Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus Ro 41-5253 [PubChem=5312120].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: control versus Ro 41-5253 [PubChem=5312120].
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells: tretinoin [PubChem=444795] versus Ro 41-5253 [PubChem=5312120].
Genes down-regulated in T reg following anti-CD3 in vivo treatment versus control.
Genes up-regulated in T reg following anti-CD3 in vivo treatment versus control.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 3h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 6h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 3h.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 1h.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 12h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 1h.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 3h versus 12h.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 1h versus 12h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 3h versus 24h.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 3h versus 24h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 1h versus 12h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 12h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 1h versus 24h.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 1h versus 24h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 3h versus 12h.
Genes up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 24h.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 6h.
Genes down-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cellstreated by poly(IC): 0h versus 24h.
Genes up-regulated in macrophages treated by corticosterone [PubChem=5839]: wildtype versus NR3C2 [GeneID=4306] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: wildtype versus NR3C2 [GeneID=4306] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus corticosterone [PubChem=5839].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: wildtype versus NR3C2 [GeneID=4306] knockout.
Genes down-regulated in macrophages with NR3C2 [GeneID=4306] knockout: untreated versus corticosterone [PubChem=5839].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages: untreated versus corticosterone [PubChem=5839].
Genes up-regulated in macrophages with NR3C2 [GeneID=4306] knockout: untreated versus corticosterone [PubChem=5839].