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--- a +++ b/jap/node11.html @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//EN"> +<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 96.1-h (September 30, 1996) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds --> +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<TITLE>Relationship of Stride Dynamics to Height</TITLE> +<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Relationship of Stride Dynamics to Height"> +<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="gait-reprint"> +<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document"> +<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global"> +<LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="gait-reprint.css"> +</HEAD> +<BODY LANG="EN" bgcolor="white"> + <A NAME="tex2html108" HREF="node12.html"><IMG WIDTH=37 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="/icons/latex2html/next_motif.png"></A> <A NAME="tex2html106" HREF="node8.html"><IMG WIDTH=26 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="/icons/latex2html/up_motif.png"></A> <A NAME="tex2html102" HREF="node10.html"><IMG WIDTH=63 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="/icons/latex2html/previous_motif.png"></A> <BR> +<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html109" HREF="node12.html">Discussion</A> +<B>Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html107" HREF="node8.html">Results</A> +<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html103" HREF="node10.html">Temporal Structure Measures</A> +<BR> <P> +<H3><A NAME="SECTION00040300000000000000">Relationship of Stride Dynamics to Height</A></H3> +<P> +In children, many aspects of gait depend on body size. For example, over +certain age ranges, stride length increases linearly with age, but +the relationship between stride length and age becomes constant after +adjusting for height or leg length (2). +Similarly, we observed a significant increase (p +< .0001) in velocity in the 6 and 7 year old children (1.20 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> +0.03 m/sec) compared to the 3 and 4 year old children (1.00 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 0.03 +m/sec). However, relative velocity (velocity/height) was +essentially identical in these two groups (p = 0.92). + To begin to +evaluate whether the changes in stride dynamics were only a function +of changes in biomechanics related to growth, we normalized the dynamical +measures with respect to height. In the present study, height +increased linearly with age (r = 0.96; p < .0001). +Variability is inversely related to age (Figure 3). Thus, we +normalized the dynamical variables (either by appropriately dividing +or multiplying by height) and re-examined the relationship with +age. The age-dependence persisted when +the measures of variability and dynamics were adjusted for height +or if leg length was used instead of height as the normalizing factor. +For example, the CV normalized with respect to leg length +was 128 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 10, 83 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 5, and 67 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 3 in the 3 and 4 year olds, 6 and 7 year olds, +and in the 11 to 14 year olds, respectively. +The difference between the 6 and 7 year olds and the 11 to 14 year olds was significant (p < .05). The CV in the 3 and 4 year old was significantly +increased +(p < .0005) compared to both older groups. +<P> +Finally, we note that consistent with previous findings (26) +the average values of stride time and walking velocity were age-dependent. +Mean stride time was 900 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 14 msec in the 3 and 4 year olds, +increased (p < .01) to 955 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 12 msec in the 6 and 7 year olds, and +increased further (p < .0001 ) in the 11 to 14 year olds (1072 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 18 +msec). Walking velocity was 1.00 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 0.03 m/sec in the 3 and 4 year +olds, 1.20 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> 0.03 m/sec in the 6 and 7 year olds, and 1.28 <IMG WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline288" SRC="img6.png"> +.0.03 m/sec in the 11 to 14 year olds. The difference between the +youngest and two older groups was significant (p < .0001); however, walking velocity +was not significantly different in the 6 and 7 year olds and the 11 to +14 year olds. +<P> +<HR><A NAME="tex2html108" HREF="node12.html"><IMG WIDTH=37 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="/icons/latex2html/next_motif.png"></A> <A NAME="tex2html106" HREF="node8.html"><IMG WIDTH=26 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="/icons/latex2html/up_motif.png"></A> <A NAME="tex2html102" HREF="node10.html"><IMG WIDTH=63 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="/icons/latex2html/previous_motif.png"></A> <BR> +<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html109" HREF="node12.html">Discussion</A> +<B>Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html107" HREF="node8.html">Results</A> +<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html103" HREF="node10.html">Temporal Structure Measures</A> +</BODY> +</HTML>