Remark: for cell cycle analysis see paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.05229
"Computational challenges of cell cycle analysis using single cell transcriptomics" Alexander Chervov, Andrei Zinovyev

Data and Context

Data - results of single cell RNA sequencing, i.e. rows - correspond to cells, columns to genes (or vice versa).
value of the matrix shows how strong is "expression" of the corresponding gene in the corresponding cell.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-cell_transcriptomics

See tutorials: https://scanpy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorials.html
("Scanpy" - main Python package to work with scRNA-seq data).
Or https://satijalab.org/seurat/ "Seurat" - "R" package

Particular data:
Paper:
Izar B, Tirosh I, Stover EH, Wakiro I et al. A single-cell landscape of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Med 2020 Aug;26(8):1271-1279. PMID: 32572264
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723336/

Data:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE146026

Related datasets:

Other single cell RNA seq datasets can be found on kaggle:
Look here: https://www.kaggle.com/alexandervc/datasets
Or search kaggle for "scRNA-seq"

Inspiration

Single cell RNA sequencing is important technology in modern biology,
see e.g.
"Eleven grand challenges in single-cell data science"
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-020-1926-6

Also see review :
Nature. P. Kharchenko: "The triumphs and limitations of computational methods for scRNA-seq"
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-021-01171-x

Search scholar.google "challenges in single cell rna sequencing"
https://scholar.google.fr/scholar?q=challenges+in+single+cell+rna+sequencing&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart
gives many interesting and highly cited articles

(Cited 968) Computational and analytical challenges in single-cell transcriptomics
Oliver Stegle, Sarah A. Teichmann, John C. Marioni
Nat. Rev. Genet., 16 (3) (2015), pp. 133-145
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg3833

Challenges in unsupervised clustering of single-cell RNA-seq data
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-018-0088-9
Review Article 07 January 2019
Vladimir Yu Kiselev, Tallulah S. Andrews & Martin Hemberg
Nature Reviews Genetics volume 20, pages273–282 (2019)

Challenges and emerging directions in single-cell analysis
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13059-017-1218-y
Published: 08 May 2017
Guo-Cheng Yuan, Long Cai, Michael Elowitz, Tariq Enver, Guoping Fan, Guoji Guo, Rafael Irizarry, Peter Kharchenko, Junhyong Kim, Stuart Orkin, John Quackenbush, Assieh Saadatpour, Timm Schroeder, Ramesh Shivdasani & Itay Tirosh
Genome Biology volume 18, Article number: 84 (2017)

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Cancer: Lessons Learned and Emerging Challenges
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1097276519303569
Molecular Cell
Volume 75, Issue 1, 11 July 2019, Pages 7-12
Journal home page for Molecular Cell